tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-57574890906851792692024-03-24T00:10:54.770-07:00Athens First Cemetery in EnglishLinda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.comBlogger117125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-38077755258620312542023-10-22T23:12:00.004-07:002023-11-08T09:33:02.319-08:00<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b> Markos Vafeiadis, Nikos Zachariadis and the Greek Civil War</b></span></p><p><br /></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Markos Vafeiadis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ΜΑ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ρ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΚΟΣ </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Β</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΑΦΕΙΑΔΗΣ</span></b><a href="https://www.sansimera.gr/biographies/2226" target="_blank"></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Born 1906<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died
1992</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-OBdc3pqh31ztXBvvXRSWAHI-ZM_gnQBOgkAc-Aur5c3dOMzB7rThpBvae5XMEB6uWq6wnJQVNBEeu50h9DnnKldJenZ77bqHumyjjRCn2jLNTPV6TTLRpmk1YC0XrZf5BGXwnfbP72cDFwxhFnpfcStOb3WjhUoAOI5mYcl_fWqIfmLLEaYtoAZmG7Y/s4608/vafiades1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3456" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-OBdc3pqh31ztXBvvXRSWAHI-ZM_gnQBOgkAc-Aur5c3dOMzB7rThpBvae5XMEB6uWq6wnJQVNBEeu50h9DnnKldJenZ77bqHumyjjRCn2jLNTPV6TTLRpmk1YC0XrZf5BGXwnfbP72cDFwxhFnpfcStOb3WjhUoAOI5mYcl_fWqIfmLLEaYtoAZmG7Y/w300-h400/vafiades1.JPG" width="300" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tr 1/2</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nikos Zachariadis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ΝΙΚΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ΖΑΧΑΡΙΑΔΗΣ</span></b><span lang="EL"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Born 1906<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died
1973</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxbVbn4zkbdVsnF1vayiulmllszP8K-JDzXY4ytYyBuv5BndD5J42X5VN11oSwk54n-Mnby82U9AzdykfzIjfVQHguwurhJs8tCJY_BAEuA67zy70DP3MEpnO-6YR9O7AfeUZ4dlNdZu4tFme5tCSrpLuuE2EXu0g2kGgStGDkVLVu5DYXP2-Uilz9n6M/s4608/026%20Zaxriadis%20sec%2017.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxbVbn4zkbdVsnF1vayiulmllszP8K-JDzXY4ytYyBuv5BndD5J42X5VN11oSwk54n-Mnby82U9AzdykfzIjfVQHguwurhJs8tCJY_BAEuA67zy70DP3MEpnO-6YR9O7AfeUZ4dlNdZu4tFme5tCSrpLuuE2EXu0g2kGgStGDkVLVu5DYXP2-Uilz9n6M/w400-h300/026%20Zaxriadis%20sec%2017.JPG" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nikos Zachariadis, Section D3</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Two new graves were added to the First
Cemetery in the early nineties. The first in December 1991 was for the reburial
of the bones of Nikos Zachariadis, the hard line Stalinist Secretary General of
the Greek Communist party during the Greek civil war who committed suicide in
Siberia in 1973. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The second, in February 1992, was for Markos
Vafeiadis, his onetime fellow Stalinist who became General of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">People’s Democratic Army</i> and later President
of the so called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Provisional Government</i>
during that same period when the fate of post war Greece seemed to hang in the
balance.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The difference is that Markos Vafeiadis died a
natural death at the age of 86, in many eyes, a rehabilitated man who had had the
opportunity to return to Greece, to write his memoirs, and to become a member
of the Greek Parliament. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Zachariadis is buried at the eastern side of
the cemetery about as far away as it is possible to get from Vafeiadis whose grave
hugs the cemetery’s western wall. It is tempting to see that distance as
symbolic of their differences concerning how the struggle might have played out
and how it did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This war which was only
officially named a civil war in 1989 (it had previously been termed a war against
communist bandits) pitched Greek against Greek and split families apart in a
way that was very personal. Its aftermath still resonates even after 74 years. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In retrospect, it was a war the communists
could not win. The support of the British and then the Americans for the Greek
nationalist government as well as Stalin’s lack of support, ensured the final
outcome as surely as the Asia Minor Catastrophe, the Metaxas dictatorship and the
German invasion made <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a confrontation like
this one almost inevitable. </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEzfYW0DBVGpin-soK2mQVpRhxiKlZ_xB7Pj-ql6wQvuOKk2ALaTj-6H82wAwhqU7CJKzNmWgyD7S32ew-NeVlDCfu0PC5bUck1zMD31BSjBvHO06rDPC9TFM4S0-qxA-YxoOpNUOrZ4vNTegubzlQZ5WsoW_1PsbIjhQjPvHytHFr8SBxKB3N0zcq_RE/s880/FKSzXeNXMAEm4DI.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="611" data-original-width="880" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEzfYW0DBVGpin-soK2mQVpRhxiKlZ_xB7Pj-ql6wQvuOKk2ALaTj-6H82wAwhqU7CJKzNmWgyD7S32ew-NeVlDCfu0PC5bUck1zMD31BSjBvHO06rDPC9TFM4S0-qxA-YxoOpNUOrZ4vNTegubzlQZ5WsoW_1PsbIjhQjPvHytHFr8SBxKB3N0zcq_RE/w400-h278/FKSzXeNXMAEm4DI.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Vafeiadis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and Zachariadis (on<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the right) </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Portrait of a Communist as a Young Man</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Markos Vafeiadis was a Pontian, born
in 1906 in Theodosia, the Black Sea region of Turkey. His father died when he
was 11 and his mother when he was 14. So it is as an orphan that the 17 year
old Markos found himself deported in 1923 along with one and a half million
Greeks to a homeland most of them had never seen and one that was sorely ill equipped
to offer them shelter or work. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrFgNaHt1fR1tYFQBiWZm1qg0HQ4LLT7vy8eZoiO1oYdMcXZTvJuzbmh8L7BYPEYLqP1bizxyBrk0GTlznbCB9PK3IUuAv2kx8X1xUG4ckDfVgmaUYPF5LXMJSZMUnwhDQFCePDyk9vyBTBzV9lWFdZGbzJc3QsWchI_7-x2QUe65Ap694PSnNrCyvs7k/s698/greek-refugees-from-smyrna-arriving-at-thessaloniki-1923.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="421" data-original-width="698" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrFgNaHt1fR1tYFQBiWZm1qg0HQ4LLT7vy8eZoiO1oYdMcXZTvJuzbmh8L7BYPEYLqP1bizxyBrk0GTlznbCB9PK3IUuAv2kx8X1xUG4ckDfVgmaUYPF5LXMJSZMUnwhDQFCePDyk9vyBTBzV9lWFdZGbzJc3QsWchI_7-x2QUe65Ap694PSnNrCyvs7k/w400-h241/greek-refugees-from-smyrna-arriving-at-thessaloniki-1923.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Refugees arriving in Thessaloniki in
1923</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">He arrived in Thessaloniki and then
gravitated to Kavala where at least there was work in the tobacco industry. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nikos Zachariadis’ life took a
different course. He was born in Ottoman Adrianopolis in Eastern Thrace. His
father worked for a French tobacco firm but the family fell on hard times
causing Nikos to leave school at 15 and take whatever jobs he could find. 1919
saw him working in the port of Constantinople where he came into contact with
organizations like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Industrial Workers
of the World.</i> In that same year he journeyed to post revolutionary Russia,
joined the Young Communists there and became a full party member in 1922. He
studied communist ideology while in the Soviet Union and did not arrive in
Greece until 1924 when his objective was to create the Communist Youth of
Greece, an organization which Markos Vafeiadis would fully join in 1928. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From this point, their lives followed a
similar trajectory for a time, with Zachariadis the passionate ideologue whose
fervour would be rekindled again and again by trips to the Soviet Union, and Vafeiadis
the acolyte who saw the communist party as the route to a better life. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Communist Party of Greece</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVqye-A8o2SWmaaSv0gL56aLZxG13pNOnRPAQnIofxXh6s3KInItKEN36DSor2w3Hk_C8MTD6NkrH4QAiUhq9ZTQQBqCJJpl2uXf0Sa444AZeNVqVYJ3dJ5FVZ-fSpqvgwclQLZnUAqmcSTIW47ndRiWMmpLZz2EXAJXjs8vlKQ17UQHy1jaDD0TFngVk/s230/Untitledbfd.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="230" data-original-width="219" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVqye-A8o2SWmaaSv0gL56aLZxG13pNOnRPAQnIofxXh6s3KInItKEN36DSor2w3Hk_C8MTD6NkrH4QAiUhq9ZTQQBqCJJpl2uXf0Sa444AZeNVqVYJ3dJ5FVZ-fSpqvgwclQLZnUAqmcSTIW47ndRiWMmpLZz2EXAJXjs8vlKQ17UQHy1jaDD0TFngVk/s1600/Untitledbfd.png" width="219" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The party was not named the Communist
Party of Greece (KKE) until 1924. It had started out in 1918 as the Socialist
Labour Party and its primary purpose had been to unionize poorly paid workers
in order improve their lot. There were other socialist groups at the time but
they never became as organized as this one. The party had opposed the 1919-1922
Greco-Turkish war and had worked with the Soviet Ambassador to Greece to try to
persuade Venizelos to withdraw his troops from Asia Minor. This alone, in the
climate of the anticipated success of the Great Idea made the party suspect –
even traitorous to some, - although future dictator <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2016/10/ioannis-metaxas.html">Ioannis Metaxas </a>had also been
against this push into Asia.<span style="color: red;">(1) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">By 1920 the party had already associated
itself with the Soviet Comintern and by 1924, with its new name, the KKE, explicitly
espoused the principles of Marxist-Leninism. For many (so many of them refugees),
the communist ideology was an idea whose time had come. The Soviet experiment
was then in its heady infancy and had <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">succeeded,
</i>something which made it an attractive model. Perhaps what the KKE failed to
fully understand is that, like every other great power that has had its
tentacles in Greece since 1830, their interests too, when push came to shove, would
ultimately rest on their own geopolitical interests, not on Greece’s. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Later in life, Markos Vafeiadis would make
much of Greece’s 19<sup>th</sup> century dependence on big powers and the
problems that policy had brought. Did he, or any other member of the KKE,
realize that they had, in essence, done the same thing in choosing to be led
from the Soviet Union? This was driven home with devastating effect when, at
Yalta in February 1945, Stalin agreed with Churchill and Roosevelt that Greece’s
future would be in the western sphere. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1926-7, Vafeiadis was conscripted into
the Greek army but was dismissed because of his activities in the communist
youth. The KKE and other socialist parties were not banned in the mid twenties but
by 1929, the government of Eleftherios <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Venizelos was concerned enough about trade
unionizing activities (some of them quite extreme) and the Soviet connection that
it passed the<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Idionymon<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>law, a law<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-style: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">which criminalized subversive </span></i><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ideas </span></i><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-style: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">as well as actions (anyone seeking to
overthrow the government by violent means) and </span></i>anyone convicted
faced a jail sentence, exile to a remote island, and being barred from the
civil service.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Under the Idionymon law, Vafeiadis had
been sentenced to two years in jail in 1932 for organizing a workers strike in
Volos although he was released some time in 1933.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix6prCf_wKlsIXmtq-fY84W22yewmx1d3OqQ8M961wCmRafwcBM0mFTQNTtYCl6cozZrqbITwcAApJjaDQnUXdQWttNBN2iWeOfiLcfC15ISnIxOyJpWv9Uv57vJXTrJMDOGkZHqcmO3iGdMDcXVYeDPh4J5RkbKjdlSC-JzoffHJd-8mAVaOeysE9nu4/s326/Marcos_Vafiadis_1931.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="326" data-original-width="245" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix6prCf_wKlsIXmtq-fY84W22yewmx1d3OqQ8M961wCmRafwcBM0mFTQNTtYCl6cozZrqbITwcAApJjaDQnUXdQWttNBN2iWeOfiLcfC15ISnIxOyJpWv9Uv57vJXTrJMDOGkZHqcmO3iGdMDcXVYeDPh4J5RkbKjdlSC-JzoffHJd-8mAVaOeysE9nu4/w300-h400/Marcos_Vafiadis_1931.png" width="300" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Markos Vafeiadis in 1931 at the age of
25</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1929, Zachariadis had become a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">persona non grata</i> as far as the Greek
government was concerned. In 1926, during the dictatorship of General Pangalos,
he was arrested and imprisoned in Thessaloniki. He escaped and worked secretly
in many important party positions. He was re-imprisoned in 1929, but escaped
and fled to Moscow where studied at the International Lenin School. During
his stay in the Soviet Union he became a member of the All-Russian Communist
Party (Bolsheviks). </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiM6dzhiMpTIz1MTVy1af3Z2_qlV8W3PuYrNqjFDuPyD4upexDqL0bybkuNwfO04GiD1ynfkrSlYNU30pbvMUN2lucOdxEY2V3g8eoRuPW2zH7OKqUEyLq8elYIfRdKh4Ip1Bco963jXNWJsEv8nv4hpldOlg9gn8npEEXkOmYjgBFQmGwkLvrvwcomkA/s275/Untitleddef.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiM6dzhiMpTIz1MTVy1af3Z2_qlV8W3PuYrNqjFDuPyD4upexDqL0bybkuNwfO04GiD1ynfkrSlYNU30pbvMUN2lucOdxEY2V3g8eoRuPW2zH7OKqUEyLq8elYIfRdKh4Ip1Bco963jXNWJsEv8nv4hpldOlg9gn8npEEXkOmYjgBFQmGwkLvrvwcomkA/w400-h266/Untitleddef.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The School operated from 1928 and
offered courses in ideology and practical underground techniques. Its aim was
to send its students back to their own countries with the skills they needed to
succeed. </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1931, Nikos was named general
secretary of the Greek Communist Party by the Soviets, a post he would hold
until 1956. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Metaxas Regime 1936-1941 </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the election of 1932 the communist
backed party had won ten seats and in 1936, fifteen. That number seems tiny but
it was enough to have the King choose anti-communist and royalist Ioannis
Metaxas as Prime Minister and to almost immediately sanction his rapid
transformation into a dictator. As dictator, Metaxas banned the communist party
along with all other political parties in favour of his one man rule. Under his
regime, communists were labelled out and out criminals and enemies of the
state. Metaxas’ henchman and head of security, Constantinos Maniadakis <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(2)</span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span>made sure that their organization was brutally
repressed.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Vafeiadis was arrested again in 1936 and
exiled to the North Aegean Island of Agios Evstratios. He escaped, went underground
until 1938 when he was rearrested, jailed in the Acronauplio (!) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and then exiled to Gavdos a tiny island off
the southern coast of Crete. When the Germans invaded Crete he escaped and made
his way first to Athens, on to Thessaloniki, and then to Macedonia where he would
join the growing resistance movement EAM-ELAS.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nikos Zachariadis was also arrested in
1936 and imprisoned until the Germans invaded, at which time he was handed over to them and
subsequently sent to Dachau until 1945. This, in spite of the fact that from his jail cell in Greece he
had urged his supporters to fight in the 1940-41 Greek defence against the
Italians.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">EAM-ELAS</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>(EAM, The National Liberation Front - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ELAS, The Greek People’s Liberation Army and EAM’s
Military Wing.)<span style="color: red;"></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">EAM was formed in September 1941. The
driving force behind it was the KKE, under its acting leader Georgos Siantos. EAM
had initially attempted to attract some of the mainstream politicians who had
been in power before the Metaxas dictatorship, but most of them preferred to
either eschew the left altogether, hope for some kind of rapprochement with the
Germans, or to leave the country entirely for a government in exile and wait for
the time when they could return to Greece and carry on as before.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">EAM did, however, attract many non
communists who did want to resist the occupation.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The seeds of a future conflict were
all present: an old political class which by and large sat out the German occupation
and leftists many of whom had been killed, tortured, jailed or exiled under the
Metaxas regime. 1941 saw a huge expansion of EAM-ELAS throughout Greece either
via previously existing communist cells or newly organized people’s committees.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the first mass social movement in Greek history</b> and one whose
leadership and a goodly number of the rank and file did not want a return to
the pre war status quo. The great famine caused by the Germans during that
winter drove many to EAM-ELAS. Its grass roots organization from the village up
made it into the only cohesive<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>country-wide
resistance group. EDES, the non communist<span style="color: red;"> </span>resistance
group was small and local in comparison. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(3)</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Occupation, the Liberation and the Lead Up
to Civil War </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">By the end of 1941, Kapitanios Markos Vafeiadis
headed the 10<sup>th</sup> Division of ELAS headquartered in the Pindus
mountains. In 1942 he was elected to the central Committee of the KKE. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1944 he commanded about 27,000 men. October
1944 saw him and his fighters liberating Thessaloniki. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbK0AlRdbI1zNxc6m9eVbLBoMQzHPYRBJ_HPz5kGDzxi3ndBwvnaXIjDhOhyTN3NFPpGGaL8HlV3tfWB2gUOap6p3OYVuCrvIZd74g47sYy54V_b4rL5ce5kQsqFkgTSKJqMcPQ7aw8ojyoUR_fHNlfZwPzL5YnPL45CDG5BJKLILfE94rc41vD6e-IrE/s826/liveration%20of%20Thessaloniki%20Oct%2044.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="566" data-original-width="826" height="438" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbK0AlRdbI1zNxc6m9eVbLBoMQzHPYRBJ_HPz5kGDzxi3ndBwvnaXIjDhOhyTN3NFPpGGaL8HlV3tfWB2gUOap6p3OYVuCrvIZd74g47sYy54V_b4rL5ce5kQsqFkgTSKJqMcPQ7aw8ojyoUR_fHNlfZwPzL5YnPL45CDG5BJKLILfE94rc41vD6e-IrE/w640-h438/liveration%20of%20Thessaloniki%20Oct%2044.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">October 30, 1944, ELAS
enters Thessaloniki</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In November his division also participated
in the liberation of Macedonia.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 70.9pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">By
1944, EAM-ELAS controlled most of Greece, a situation which had the British
very concerned about post war Greece moving into the Soviet Sphere of
influence. They had at first backed the leftist fighters because they had rightly
considered them better organized to resist the Germans, but they also backed
the post-war return of the king and the old political establishment. A British army
contingent accompanied the Greek government in exile when it arrived in Athens
with <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2018/03/georgios-papandreou.html">Georgios Papandreau</a>, the Prime Minister of the government in <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>exile. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">An uneasy stand-off ensued. Incidents
involving mistrust and bad faith on both sides led to the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dekemvriana</b> which started as a British and Greek police massacre of
EAM-ELAS demonstrators in Syntagma Square which in turn sparked a rampage and massacre
of perceived right wingers and collaborators by the communists. During the
Dekemvriana in Athens, Markos Vafeiadis was in northern Greece; his soldiers there
did not attack the British or the government representatives there. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2AaqqhDWg7GGlhY-UMF2-edl4HnI1yzFGtrmWos9Cz5M-QIt_6tg0zTdAhZt9PGPrXdV8YjIJ9IGAy_S5Z1HMM0HM7d_0w-nXnrogyWacstR789VqVLDKrZReU4HlI-E-F1NLZ32MKq2LHIGCUYgSQqEwyqbeUBe_gCw-S-PooRDb3hrhexra3Z58Iws/s304/Untitledcfd.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="165" data-original-width="304" height="347" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2AaqqhDWg7GGlhY-UMF2-edl4HnI1yzFGtrmWos9Cz5M-QIt_6tg0zTdAhZt9PGPrXdV8YjIJ9IGAy_S5Z1HMM0HM7d_0w-nXnrogyWacstR789VqVLDKrZReU4HlI-E-F1NLZ32MKq2LHIGCUYgSQqEwyqbeUBe_gCw-S-PooRDb3hrhexra3Z58Iws/w640-h347/Untitledcfd.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Dekemvriana</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The tragic events of December led to the
fragile <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Treaty of Varkiza </b>in February
1945 in which the Greek minister of Foreign Affairs and the secretary of the
KKE for EAM-ELAS agreed to a plebiscite on the constitution, to create a
constituent assembly, to create a non politicised army, to hold elections which
the allies would oversee and in which EAM-ELAS could participate <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">provided</i> they surrendered their weapons.
It also provided for amnesty for political crimes.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyzlYmr-msS8TRVj51ykP8u66K6gnPhalhUvQGhpjrVJwsQv69PmZy5CHQ25AUMkdPHoST-kaaPnBK4cNhFzfTXOWCYoNMa3q6o0UzsMa5RlK3qM0SNvokXEc446IIuGm7K-R5hhhJn_tACo70_4sL1mPiPYW1q-5iq00JRUA3vsuX3oUuTs8zEyiK_m4/s262/Untitled.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="192" data-original-width="262" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyzlYmr-msS8TRVj51ykP8u66K6gnPhalhUvQGhpjrVJwsQv69PmZy5CHQ25AUMkdPHoST-kaaPnBK4cNhFzfTXOWCYoNMa3q6o0UzsMa5RlK3qM0SNvokXEc446IIuGm7K-R5hhhJn_tACo70_4sL1mPiPYW1q-5iq00JRUA3vsuX3oUuTs8zEyiK_m4/w400-h293/Untitled.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Varkiza Agreement </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It was a recipe for compromise providing
the participants trusted each other at all, but they did not. The situation was
not ameliorated by the Greek army accepting so many Nazi sympathizers (members
of the Nazi organized Security Battalions) into their ranks thus appearing to
reward Nazi collaborators. There was a strong move after Varkiza to punish the
left on the part of the right which resulted in many deaths (the so called
White Terror).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">From the government side, the ELAS fighters
were not surrendering enough of their weapons, were possibly in league with the
Soviets and prepared to give up Macedonia and Thrace to the Yugoslavians and
Bulgarians. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It did not help that hard
liner Nikos Zachariadis returned two months after the Varkiza agreement and was
again at the helm of the party. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
years in Dachau would hardly have made his enmity against the government in
power any milder. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho0w3Vw9bcDHEHI8e2Dm9dIxdKlwpQR4e7DKn9ioUq6LfjLhOLxzmO6KQVd2-ovIBKrGwC8iKVyzloX8ChvHR_A5Ar6kRfl2kWNBM1p1mP_ZLWxqMWBQIRDpj3SP68CJ1nYPfNao4WqzMYxfHQsZlwliRPJYWzPlexko6w2otyn-lquVgApgADBa7Spok/s1948/1_zachariadis.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1948" data-original-width="1600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho0w3Vw9bcDHEHI8e2Dm9dIxdKlwpQR4e7DKn9ioUq6LfjLhOLxzmO6KQVd2-ovIBKrGwC8iKVyzloX8ChvHR_A5Ar6kRfl2kWNBM1p1mP_ZLWxqMWBQIRDpj3SP68CJ1nYPfNao4WqzMYxfHQsZlwliRPJYWzPlexko6w2otyn-lquVgApgADBa7Spok/w329-h400/1_zachariadis.jpg" width="329" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Communist Newspaper announcing his
return in May of 1945</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In spite of the Communists party
attempt to rule from its top echelons and on strictly ideological lines, not
every communist fighter was on the same policy page.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Vafeiadis who did the actual fighting often
disagreed with Zachariadis, the ideologue who had very little fighting
experience. Zachariadis’ decision to establish a standing army to counter the Greek
Nationalist forces was one Vafeiadis <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>disagreed with. He argued that that ELAM-ELAS
was not strong enough for a standing army and that guerrilla warfare would be a
far more successful strategy. Stalin<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> had</i>
sanctioned the formation of a standing army but only for defensive purposes. He
had advised the EAM-ELAS to take part in the March 1946 elections and,
depending on the results, decide their next move. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Instead,
Zachariadis decided to boycott the Greek elections altogether.</b> Again Vafeiadis
disagreed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He calculated that the left
could have won over 100 seats in the parliament that year. If he was right and
the results had been accepted, Greek history would be very different today. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, because of the boycott, the right
won handily and, shortly after, the civil war entered its third and final phase.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It was a conflict that would cost
70,000 lives and created hatreds and divisions that still fester.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMbBX9eHicSm147mZHVzLcwYQJlHy4Y7Ws7s2W4FWsLPY3NdhzW342CXregoZ-3Qhtt-p4OoXpSc6GUtgLtvXZeTl-ky5_COUwQ0tuNlpeQcSk6YxjzRQ1qICheJAK7--STN8zYw6D05Egih3xnGRftv9eW2u2zk_odoL-3FVLNUpaDndu2SLTGGFE-gE/s1340/Nikos_Zaxariadis-%20talks%20to%20Dem%20army.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1016" data-original-width="1340" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMbBX9eHicSm147mZHVzLcwYQJlHy4Y7Ws7s2W4FWsLPY3NdhzW342CXregoZ-3Qhtt-p4OoXpSc6GUtgLtvXZeTl-ky5_COUwQ0tuNlpeQcSk6YxjzRQ1qICheJAK7--STN8zYw6D05Egih3xnGRftv9eW2u2zk_odoL-3FVLNUpaDndu2SLTGGFE-gE/w400-h304/Nikos_Zaxariadis-%20talks%20to%20Dem%20army.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Zachariadis addresses the troops in
1945</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In October of 1946, notwithstanding
his disagreements with Zachariadis, Markos Vafeiadis took command of the newly
formed <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Democratic Army of Greece</b>
(DAG) and, much later, in December 1947, he was appointed <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">President and War minister of the Provisional Democratic Government</b>,
a government that never received international recognition and was strong only in
rural areas.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyNknZV7ujINQAF6qYfelVI8GS8uSEP80BcvbKhZ2_d-9HQvz_6yAUNIFZDzFK02K0glU8CkDvfQpapFo6rA3uY01xDcAobL5RqWoMLXQWxoYjKvDDc02TU3yUwtyqRXUucV34BYFU4-8LlDnUnESfZm4dbNOdK4nqm_8A18wXWprmSF0hA2eQWq0nfpU/s320/mqdefault.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="320" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyNknZV7ujINQAF6qYfelVI8GS8uSEP80BcvbKhZ2_d-9HQvz_6yAUNIFZDzFK02K0glU8CkDvfQpapFo6rA3uY01xDcAobL5RqWoMLXQWxoYjKvDDc02TU3yUwtyqRXUucV34BYFU4-8LlDnUnESfZm4dbNOdK4nqm_8A18wXWprmSF0hA2eQWq0nfpU/w640-h360/mqdefault.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The catchy DAG marching anthem and its
brave words makes me want to weep. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
waste! You can hear it with English subtitles on </span></i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0LtWhIpN3s"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0LtWhIpN3s</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Truman Doctrine of March 1947 was
directed at making sure that neither Greece or Turkey fell like dominos to the Soviet
juggernaut in Eastern Europe. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1947
Truman no longer had faith in Stalin’s promises at Yalta although he did, in
fact, keep them <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(4)</span>.
</b>American involvement and financial aid put paid to any possibility of a
communist victory. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6JBIDuW4H9F6xBnbynvb9xMdUGAQfGD82KBqhePGOBzifZVipEsOseEwB6GMDOZ3tjzAxkzLYP5XBAq5rl4m_CTtYr297nN78onqLw27FYMfW_Gk7Lkz7ZCt5zyg75yBFfA4UGfoWCkOQIZNlMWvgFwBv2wFpY3meys4Hxs-0rszU0I712P-bQ6ruaRM/s1227/800px-Markos_Vafeiadis,_1948.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1227" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6JBIDuW4H9F6xBnbynvb9xMdUGAQfGD82KBqhePGOBzifZVipEsOseEwB6GMDOZ3tjzAxkzLYP5XBAq5rl4m_CTtYr297nN78onqLw27FYMfW_Gk7Lkz7ZCt5zyg75yBFfA4UGfoWCkOQIZNlMWvgFwBv2wFpY3meys4Hxs-0rszU0I712P-bQ6ruaRM/w261-h400/800px-Markos_Vafeiadis,_1948.jpg" width="261" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Markos Vafeiadis in 1948</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Stalin’s order in 1948 for the KKE to
break all ties with renegade communist Tito of Yugoslavia – the only person seriously
helping arm and feed the insurgents – marked the beginning of the end because
this was a Stalinist order that Zachariadis did follow. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again Vafeiadis disagreed and also with <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Zachariadis’ order to fight in the mountains to
the last man. Vafeiadis wanted to retreat into Albania and Yugoslavia while
there was still time, to regroup and continue a guerrilla war. Zachariadis denounced
him to Russia, held him a prisoner in Albania until he could be brought to
Greece in January of 1949 and face a communist tribunal in which he was <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>accused of being an enemy agent, Titoist, etc
etc. Vafeiadis writes that at the time he was even examined by Soviet
psychiatrists for signs of madness because of his refusal to follow the party
line. He was removed from all of the offices, and flown to Moscow and exile.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Markos Vafeiadis missed the last battle
at Grammos – where the People’s Democratic Army was crushed and its men
scattered into Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and various republics of the Soviet Union.
Nikos Zachariadis, who had boldly declared that if Grammos failed it was ‘because
bad communists failed to do their duty’ fled to Albania and then to Russia. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Exile in the Soviet Union</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Vafeiadis said he was treated very
much as a second class citizen and renegade by the Soviet regime. In 1950 was
ousted from the Communist Party.<span style="color: red;"> </span>At another
point he was reinstated and then ousted once more.<span style="color: red;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(5) </b></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Soviet Union was not always kind to its
protégés from Greece and at times it was downright antagonistic. Certainly their
freedoms were curtailed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A Greek exile
was not allowed to move freely inside the Soviet Union – the irony. Vafeiadis was
told to choose a town for exile that had no other Greek refugees and chose
Penza because he had trained as a watchmaker in Moscow and Penza had a watch
factory. He married, learned Russian, had a son Vladimir, and retired there before
his return to Greece in 1983 when the Greek government under PASOK leadership
declared an amnesty.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Zachariadis, in spite of his fanaticism, went
out of favour with the Communists after Stalin died and was ultimately exiled
to Siberia. He married there and it was his son Yosef (named after Stalin) who
brought his bones back to Greece after the Fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(6)</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His second funeral was a religious one in the
church inside the First Cemetery with a coffin somewhat incongruously draped
with the Hammer and Sickle. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(7)</span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span>A goodly number
of his old comrades came to see him home. He was ultimately ‘rehabilitated’ and
accepted back into the fold by KKE in 2011.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Vafeiadis Returns</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When the Pasok government declared an
amnesty for the exiled Greek communist fighters, Vafeiadis returned after 34
years in exile. His wife and son chose to stay in Russia. He would claim time
and time again that the civil war should never have happened and that
reconciliation had been on his mind even during the fighting when he had always
reminded his soldiers that they were fighting fellow Greeks. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In March 23, 1984 there was an
historic symbolic public handshake between Vafeiadis and Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos,
the Greek Army leader who had led the final charge at Grammos which had resulted
in the communist defeat.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh22BjRjmJFlOM-9MXlkLmKiEzg3UoaeF73RAJbt3jViDXuJvjOmzvh2hY_6W-63lBnpz72zTdV2oi70atLKCkxAgnv1nXGzDELWkeALdV9_AfXK7p2rNiSQvgUQ4jnIcYQDfe2UPjw8oMlzkp6TH2iWXpwlUYP4Bphd2Dz3TkQEgiPHxaDH6jM7bvM74U/s552/Capture1-3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="410" data-original-width="552" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh22BjRjmJFlOM-9MXlkLmKiEzg3UoaeF73RAJbt3jViDXuJvjOmzvh2hY_6W-63lBnpz72zTdV2oi70atLKCkxAgnv1nXGzDELWkeALdV9_AfXK7p2rNiSQvgUQ4jnIcYQDfe2UPjw8oMlzkp6TH2iWXpwlUYP4Bphd2Dz3TkQEgiPHxaDH6jM7bvM74U/w400-h297/Capture1-3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Vafeiadis in the center and Tsakalotos
on the right. By that time both were supporters of PASOK leader Andreas
Papandreau. It was a handshake that was 35 years in the making.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1984 Vafeiadis was given the rank of
General in the Hellenic army. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>elected a member of parliament on the
Nationwide list of the PASOK Party in 1990 and 1991. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">He died in 1992 and was buried in the
First Cemetery at public expense in a coffin draped in the Greek flag, a
ceremony that was attended by the prime minister and many other dignitaries. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">So many Loose Ends </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To what extent Zachariadis was even aware
of the Yalta agreement is not certain. If he was, did he assume Stalin would
ultimately renege on his promise? It would appear that Stalin was happy enough
to see the Greek freedom fighters cause as much havoc as they could, regardless
of collateral damage, and was content to concentrate on his gains in Eastern
Europe. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">And then there is this: because of
Zachariadis’ death, Vafeiadis had a pretty clear field to write his own version
of events and he had every reason to hate Zachariadis. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Are his memories entirely in sync with his thoughts
and actions back in the day? Somehow that seems improbable. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This is not a period in history that
people in Greece are likely to agree about no matter how much is written or how
much is remembered because each family in Greece experienced the conflict in
its own specific way. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">PASOK did do something courageous in
allowing these Greek exiles back home and allowing a much needed healing
process to begin but it may take another generation or more before everyone
agrees. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Map</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHXdTMib0_ZoxPvf4_yEubBdpszcvWSGJLi-WyZqRgA-gyHb9C7j7PBO3Zhal31VncHGWh2j7py4E0ANwNf83jf8yLBTZgF2GsbDY5JlXM2Did1fP1HgNMK-8A1FUe7lzlfGFkptyFazkAJrKR6ViybADj6csufWawyD9nWHidbfvz5fD07VZntTfA1Kg/s3825/map%20at%20entrance%20-Vafeiadis.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3825" data-original-width="3399" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHXdTMib0_ZoxPvf4_yEubBdpszcvWSGJLi-WyZqRgA-gyHb9C7j7PBO3Zhal31VncHGWh2j7py4E0ANwNf83jf8yLBTZgF2GsbDY5JlXM2Did1fP1HgNMK-8A1FUe7lzlfGFkptyFazkAJrKR6ViybADj6csufWawyD9nWHidbfvz5fD07VZntTfA1Kg/w568-h640/map%20at%20entrance%20-Vafeiadis.JPG" width="568" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(1)</span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Their
reasons were different of course. Metaxas knew their position was not defensible
whereas the Socialist party saw it as a distraction from their struggle to
improve the lot of workers.<span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(2)</span></b> <span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">During
his tenure, Maniadakis managed to almost completely suppress and disorganize
the KKE, imprisoning hundreds of its members and even publishing a
government-controlled rival version of the party's newspaper </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizospastis" title="Rizospastis"><i><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Rizospastis</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.
After the war he was elected several times to the Greek </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Parliament</span></a>, <span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">and is also buried in the democracy of the First
Cemetery.</span> </p>
<p><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(3)</b></span> <span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The <b>National Republican Greek
League</b> (<b>EDES</b>) was the largest of the non-communist resistance groups.
Its military wing, the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Groups_of_Greek_Guerrillas" title="National Groups of Greek Guerrillas"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">National Groups of Greek Guerrillas</span></a><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
(ΕΟΕΑ) concentrated its military activities in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epirus_(region)" title="Epirus (region)"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Epirus</span></a><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(4)</span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Stalin did offer some support but never enough to affect the
outcome and seemed happy enough to encourage the communists to fight because it
kept his new post war enemies off guard.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(5)</span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When
Stalin died, Vafeiadis was reinstated into the communist party, kicked out
again in 1964 and restored in 1968. He seems to have been too much of an
independent thinker for the policy needs of a communist party.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(6) </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Yosef was only granted permission to remove
his father’s bones <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">after</i> the fall of
the Soviet Union, not before. There is an irony there…<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(7) </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Both funerals were Orthodox, an interesting
fact all by itself. Suicides are supposed to be barred from Orthodox burial but
the Church has shown a great deal of elasticity through the ages on this point.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sources</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Here you are spoiled for Choice and
that is a good thing. It was a complicated Era. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Red Acropolis, Black Terror</i>, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">An International Civil War</i> By Andre Gerolymatos are both excellent.
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Greece since 1945: Politics Economy and
Society</i> by David H Close is also excellent as are many websites including </span><a href="https://cognoscotean.gr/archives/36198"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://cognoscotean.gr/archives/36198</span></a>.<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The subject of amnesty for and the plight of
the communist refugees is discussed in this blog’s article on Georgos
Gennimatas and on <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2023/03/alki-zei-writer.html">Alki Zei</a>: </span><a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2022/12/georgos-and-fofi-gennimatas.html"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2022/12/georgos-and-fofi-gennimatas.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. The funerals of both leaders can be found on youtube.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-70257211483199533092023-09-22T06:13:00.001-07:002023-09-22T06:25:20.702-07:00Christian Heinrich Siegel<p> </p><p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Christian Heinrich Siegel <span class="ykmvie"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></b><span class="ykmvie"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΚΡΙΣΤΙΑΝ</span></b></span><span class="ykmvie"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></span><span class="ykmvie"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΧΕΙΝΡΙΧ</span></b></span><span class="ykmvie"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></b></span><span class="ykmvie"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΣΙΥΚΕΛ</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Born 1806 in Germany<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died 1883 in Athens</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhReFjWidanrrhCJG7ZK6CApjYuZi46waLkMziEqY6KMxa6BizOwJIAm__UoIQ66m0K3kWLR_ftK-84bI-Jz4v99oO48DL6E60DCtRdS4k4yyDsNrMivnmvK6X9b99HjD3kMYwqmi-5g3JdoG-X4fohQaTA6VZ-5020HUJkQMLtpdRCXlMN1cwV3rkLw-8/s540/5-2-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="405" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhReFjWidanrrhCJG7ZK6CApjYuZi46waLkMziEqY6KMxa6BizOwJIAm__UoIQ66m0K3kWLR_ftK-84bI-Jz4v99oO48DL6E60DCtRdS4k4yyDsNrMivnmvK6X9b99HjD3kMYwqmi-5g3JdoG-X4fohQaTA6VZ-5020HUJkQMLtpdRCXlMN1cwV3rkLw-8/w480-h640/5-2-1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Row E right at the far end of the
Protestant Cemetery</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is true that Christian Heinrich Siegel<span class="ykmvie"> the </span>first teacher of modelling and sculpture at the newly
formed Athens School of Arts has not left much of a visible legacy (a huge sleeping
lion in Nauplio and a sculpted grave in the First Cemetery) but his spiritual
legacy is immense because he helped to mold <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the aesthetic and the skills of the first
generation of Greece’s sculptors. The details of his almost 50 years in Greece
are sketchy but worth examining because his time in Greece offers a glimpse
into the beginnings of the modern state. His life is typical of the optimism, skill
sets, and entrepreneurship that characterized so many young Europeans who came
to Greece to help create the nation and, hopefully, to make their fortunes.
Like many artists-entrepreneurs of that era, Siegel would dabble extensively in
archaeology, real estate, and business, in his case marble quarries. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unlike many Germans, he chose to stay and even
began to sign his name in the Greek fashion- </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΣΙΓΚΕΛΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, quite a
compliment to his adopted country.</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2hH3q6Z9zN7BeX7HAO-oYShs-Nzm3tNBKIU3nAhXw8qMK7Cn3QayrUkNd5e6l8PMMC61geH97wwWnQWCms2cNApVhjRYHR_koJWbeUrGvXUoNXAk9Q2j5_ngx390cTN-6St_6z4ApD3vOiumuADptsID7yoRxidjlGhg48UFCoiJ34F_MjmWie8mELCI/s966/3-1-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="966" data-original-width="605" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2hH3q6Z9zN7BeX7HAO-oYShs-Nzm3tNBKIU3nAhXw8qMK7Cn3QayrUkNd5e6l8PMMC61geH97wwWnQWCms2cNApVhjRYHR_koJWbeUrGvXUoNXAk9Q2j5_ngx390cTN-6St_6z4ApD3vOiumuADptsID7yoRxidjlGhg48UFCoiJ34F_MjmWie8mELCI/w250-h400/3-1-1.jpg" width="250" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Christian
was born in Wandsbek, now a district in the city of Hamburg, Germany in 1808.
He travelled due north to study at Copenhagen’s Royal Danish Academy of Fine
Arts, modelled after the Academy of Fine Arts in Paris and then one of the best
Academies in Europe. Denmark was undergoing a cultural renaissance of sorts after
the Napoleonic wars and this school would produce famous sculptors such as
Herman Freund (1786-1840) and Bertel Thorvaldsen (1797-1838). The neoclassical
style, in vogue at the time, would be absorbed by the young Christian and later
by his pupils in Greece. He completed his studies in the Munich Academy under
Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler and in 1837-8 back in Hamburg under Otto Sigsmund
Runge.</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWeUml-sMRbdsUhVe9Xca20-BWif59HR3hL7FNWurOwFK1jF2144SB5fGRnNHfKkFvF9uHvFMFLYJx2flls9fNv8tViIfQi3PBjjL-loLPq2kPBXvmDCi0Fs5aKUVq-2m_3RrucP_HP4ZkvxMGgHPYOmA6fUa5W_xrZauto3kyDv4dO79s1TsZTq6JQt8/s316/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_Logo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="316" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWeUml-sMRbdsUhVe9Xca20-BWif59HR3hL7FNWurOwFK1jF2144SB5fGRnNHfKkFvF9uHvFMFLYJx2flls9fNv8tViIfQi3PBjjL-loLPq2kPBXvmDCi0Fs5aKUVq-2m_3RrucP_HP4ZkvxMGgHPYOmA6fUa5W_xrZauto3kyDv4dO79s1TsZTq6JQt8/w200-h199/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_Logo.jpg" width="200" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
Danish Academy’s Seal</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The European Academies and the spread of Neoclassicism</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is amazing in that pre-internet
world, how interconnected and homogeneous the aesthetic ideals at these academies
were and how easily ideas gravitated from one centre to the other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many students studied in multiple academies
before graduation and, no doubt, this would have produced a kind of ‘old boys’ network
valuable to students, not just for a shared aesthetic, but also because of the connections
they made that could lead to those all important future commissions. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Neoclassical style itself was partly
a reaction against rococo excesses but was also fuelled by the intense
contemporary interest in all things classical, especially classical sculpture which,
literally, was being unearthed in Italy and Greece during that period. Students
at European art academies were always tasked with copying these newly
discovered forms which then became a part of their artistic DNA. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neoclassicism, like classicism itself, placed emphases
on clarity of contour, the idealization of faces and bodies, decorum in
positioning, and an overall sense of repose which, all together, projected a sense
of timelessness and the ideal. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
preferred attire was classical rather than contemporary. <span style="color: red;">(1)</span> The Venus de Milo, discovered in 1820, could be taken
as a beau ideal for neoclassical sculpture.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvhgbjveRucyvkdZ0lpBqOTS1QNafxC13H2gZLUz-PsK05zirHU3Hkq_qCRQr-5Ok22xQ0IWTZipZtsRik0DmKXVL_0ykcqFf_VO1iz2DR-Fd2L5DFesXjZm4IVLYQv0v7N2xClyQxLz93PitvJ6kfcKYXSzNeV_FDEE28SqVu3OCmpK6OXKWzK0dGV-Q/s874/2011%20thierry%20Oliver.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="874" data-original-width="819" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvhgbjveRucyvkdZ0lpBqOTS1QNafxC13H2gZLUz-PsK05zirHU3Hkq_qCRQr-5Ok22xQ0IWTZipZtsRik0DmKXVL_0ykcqFf_VO1iz2DR-Fd2L5DFesXjZm4IVLYQv0v7N2xClyQxLz93PitvJ6kfcKYXSzNeV_FDEE28SqVu3OCmpK6OXKWzK0dGV-Q/s320/2011%20thierry%20Oliver.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Neoclassicism was a style that suited 19<sup>th</sup>
century Greece perfectly, not just because it was already popular in Europe and
the natural heritage of the country, but also because one of the aims of the
new state was to stress its connection with the ancient Greece and to present the
modern state in an equally idealized form. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Greece gets a German King in 1832 and a lot of
Germans Answer his Call</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Greece’s fight for freedom had
captured the imagination of Europe as did the investiture in 1832 of 17 year
old King Othon, the son of Ludwig I of Bavaria. Greece provided opportunities for
European artists and architects with the right connections, - connections which
Christian Siegel had. His teacher in Munich was one of King Ludwig’s master
craftsmen and Hans Christian Hansen (1803-1883), the Danish architect who would
have such an early influence in Athens had been a student in Copenhagen during
the same period as Siegel. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Siegel arrived in Greece in 1834, <span style="color: red;">(2) </span>to work with Hansen who needed artisans to
decorate a building complex planned for land bought by Georgios Kantakouzenos
at the corner of Millerou and Leonidou in what is today’s Metaxourgeio.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Siegel was in his late twenties and Hansen in
his early thirties. Works were being sponsored by King Ludwig, and the many
wealthy Greeks who had flocked to Greece from the diaspora to buy land and finance
the reconstruction of the city. It was a wonderful time to be an architect or
artisan; Athens was rising from the ashes of the War of Independence and had
just been designated as Greece’s capital city.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A False Start in Metaxourgeiou</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kantakouzenos, a wealthy Phanariot, had
bought this site for development <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>primarily because it would be near the proposed
royal palace then planned in today’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Omonia
Square. He was not the only land speculator to be bitterly disappointed when
the palace was actually built on the east side of today’s Syntagma <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Square. The new Athens elite all wanted to
build near that all important palace. As a result, the area where the Kantakouzenos
complex had been planned became less desirable, and more industrial. The
complex was abandoned for a time and then altered to later become the site of
the silk factory that has given the district its name today. Its latest incarnation
is as the Athens Municipal Art Gallery. <span style="color: red;">(3)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbq85ipqcpqUy5pkwVvKNs5yuV6DBDzES4lPJ4ejmkdWiUXwTroq7Ir-gjnPTKh2A8iZbvStKbCJSt_1s13W7oUfTZRj8wHtPAcZ_rEf1ws-cNK68zRbrfcfGROj8bIRhkg-PMdk3KlHzbH-EbvYb7iLOU80pihCnvEFBejYm3PFYM79Ty3Ig3vnHnRoo/s1396/map%20showing%20metaourgiou%20-%20Copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1396" data-original-width="1276" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbq85ipqcpqUy5pkwVvKNs5yuV6DBDzES4lPJ4ejmkdWiUXwTroq7Ir-gjnPTKh2A8iZbvStKbCJSt_1s13W7oUfTZRj8wHtPAcZ_rEf1ws-cNK68zRbrfcfGROj8bIRhkg-PMdk3KlHzbH-EbvYb7iLOU80pihCnvEFBejYm3PFYM79Ty3Ig3vnHnRoo/w365-h400/map%20showing%20metaourgiou%20-%20Copy.jpg" width="365" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">1: where Kantakouzenos bought, 2: the
proposed palace site, and 3: where it was built. These distances in today’s
mega city seem small, but they were not considered small in the 1830s.</i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In any case, Hansen signed off the
project almost immediately, angry that his original design was not being
followed. He went on to greater things: the design and construction of the main
building of the University of Athens and the excavation and reconstruction of
the Acropolis’ temple of Athena Nike.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Siegel remained in Athens, looking for work. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1838, he received a commission from
King Ludwig 1 to erect a suitable monument to the Royal Bavarian Guards who had
succumbed to typhoid in Nauplio during the terrible epidemic of 1833-4. <span style="color: red;">(4)</span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitpGki5gW48-Tw6nRkYnIMUPmxYBFuJ5Vw3MNERbJR7hYx3ggcFQYL6NT4ohLNxnVa3oEjX2Rvv7j3YkfC_Kv6jlEAjuHJ7gmog3Z3MDpnOhXniRyu3s8X0gkVyxdp7OsDVSQAHSDRVEv8y_6thuQcCaUVwz8Lba2TTzBgzKR2G40Vat4Q4xkYsPlu1Zc/s640/se53.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="294" data-original-width="640" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitpGki5gW48-Tw6nRkYnIMUPmxYBFuJ5Vw3MNERbJR7hYx3ggcFQYL6NT4ohLNxnVa3oEjX2Rvv7j3YkfC_Kv6jlEAjuHJ7gmog3Z3MDpnOhXniRyu3s8X0gkVyxdp7OsDVSQAHSDRVEv8y_6thuQcCaUVwz8Lba2TTzBgzKR2G40Vat4Q4xkYsPlu1Zc/w640-h294/se53.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Completed in 1840-41, and located in
the Pronoia district close to the city centre, it is carved out of the native
slate rock and is 8 metres long and three metres high.</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I love this monument. I came across it
on one of my first visits to Greece and had no idea what an immense lion was
doing, snoozing in a suburb of Nauplio. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its
pose is wonderfully mournful, and those immense and relaxed paws are awesome yet
somehow endearing as they hang over the ‘tomb’. Some have suggested that this lion
was inspired the famous archaic lion of the island of Kea. It too was immense
and carved from the living rock. But our feline’s true ancestor lives in
Switzerland. He is the Lion of Lucerne, a memorial to fallen soldiers completed
by Bertel Thorvaldsen in 1821. Bertel was nine years older than Siegel, more
famous, and, like Siegel, a graduate of the Danish School of Fine Arts. His monument
had clearly made an impression on Siegel. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(5)</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFwBgBpXvdhaw9liY7quD9we77MyNoF5afh4veGNjzXNeLiiHlSfxkh8u1tuTJ1fDDNoawtRat_NhliDNBsRv5HLfxGuOuCiUxatFIXLSocP4WkiU942Ih9zdRnoDvhSXYxnAIM2fyrYZiNWhXYxhcndTOQIYmRZHjAEuY707P_eUXt6l88ybpvmia4eE/s450/Lionmonumentlucerne.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="318" data-original-width="450" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFwBgBpXvdhaw9liY7quD9we77MyNoF5afh4veGNjzXNeLiiHlSfxkh8u1tuTJ1fDDNoawtRat_NhliDNBsRv5HLfxGuOuCiUxatFIXLSocP4WkiU942Ih9zdRnoDvhSXYxnAIM2fyrYZiNWhXYxhcndTOQIYmRZHjAEuY707P_eUXt6l88ybpvmia4eE/w400-h283/Lionmonumentlucerne.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Thorvaldsen’s lion. </span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJljsDkChcIWhRNVMMkJNqXkA-XlhmjW5YrTQgPBMpxBRuVmsp_s5Uupigwnm75sglafpe-rpt_p-bFGG0Rch4omK5gD6wYd03MCRwbn2Wd0iT1X2e2XMQx8kfmmtKBE6Gqhzkuj1gQZt3uNBpCTC_QDz5agNOSQnX6OFbGek3QeFUNLgW2VBpcAhQciA/s400/photo%20bu%20Carl%20Siele%201910.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="329" data-original-width="400" height="526" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJljsDkChcIWhRNVMMkJNqXkA-XlhmjW5YrTQgPBMpxBRuVmsp_s5Uupigwnm75sglafpe-rpt_p-bFGG0Rch4omK5gD6wYd03MCRwbn2Wd0iT1X2e2XMQx8kfmmtKBE6Gqhzkuj1gQZt3uNBpCTC_QDz5agNOSQnX6OFbGek3QeFUNLgW2VBpcAhQciA/w640-h526/photo%20bu%20Carl%20Siele%201910.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This early photograph taken by Carl
Siele in 1910 gives you a better idea of the grandeur of ‘our’ lion’s situation
and size. The effect is slightly hi-jacked these days by the children’s
playground at its base. Still, the lion sleeps on.... </span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1842
saw Siegel working on the decorative marble bits for the new palace of the King
as well as taking part in the resurrection of some of the monuments on the
Acropolis rock. It seems as if every philhellene did a little digging or
resurrecting of the past during their careers.</span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">At
one time he apparently had a residence and workshop for modelling in the
modified Kantakouzenos complex, the complex that had brought him to Greece in
the first place. Another source has him living on either Piraeus or Menandrou
Street, a neighbour <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of Duchess of
Plaisance, an early benefactor of the Athens school of Arts; another has him living
in a garden home of the Austrian Consul. Siegel was not making a lot of money during
his early career which might explain his many moves. His main sources of income
were marble busts. In those days before photography, the wealthy liked to
immortalize themselves and their families in marble. </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The School of Fine Arts</span></b></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His
work must have appreciated though because 1847 saw him, at the age of 41, hired
to teach modelling and sculpture at the Athens school of Fine Arts, a position
he would hold until 1859. This school was responsible for turning Greek marble workers
into accomplished artists. The school had first opened in 1836 on weekends only
because its students, of necessity, had day jobs. It apparently taught the
Greek language as well because some of its early students had not attended
school long enough to gain literacy or had not attended at all. By 1840, it was
offering daily classes. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The influence of
this school and the art its graduates produced for buildings and public spaces
in Athens would be impossible to over-estimate.</span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Siegel’s
students read like a who’s who of 19<sup>th</sup> century Greek sculpture: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the Kossos brothers, Demitrios (1819-1872) and
Ioannis (1822-73), <a href="http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2017/01/the-fytalis-brothers.html">the Fytalis Brothers</a>, Georgos ( 1830-73) and Lazaros (1831-1909)
and, later, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Leonidas Drosis (1834-1882) who did so much of the sculptural decoration
for the Athens university and is now considered the greatest exponent of
neoclassicism in Greece. He would have been 15 when Siegel stopped teaching,
but many began their schooling at that age or younger. In any case, Siegel was
a major influence. <b><span style="color: red;">(6)</span></b></span></span></p>
<p><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Some Neoclassic Busts of the Era</span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSmUYYBJTevWckeJk3qDcYUqbP8Mo50w3VHtOsOCWuUOSJk9WsPXs_Mfwl8a05hSupxblLVH0nln4sou9qWzpECDH_Ux612Ivw8hfagiIddVn1fKFV7QMLsPXXralezAXd8kVBHh8MI4ReCt-n9ONBNDk056jMmqw1XmhhtE0DRJs55GmAvjGHSo5vnrU/s1100/ioannis%20kossos%201822-73.%20done%20in%201858%20psyche.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1100" data-original-width="623" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSmUYYBJTevWckeJk3qDcYUqbP8Mo50w3VHtOsOCWuUOSJk9WsPXs_Mfwl8a05hSupxblLVH0nln4sou9qWzpECDH_Ux612Ivw8hfagiIddVn1fKFV7QMLsPXXralezAXd8kVBHh8MI4ReCt-n9ONBNDk056jMmqw1XmhhtE0DRJs55GmAvjGHSo5vnrU/s320/ioannis%20kossos%201822-73.%20done%20in%201858%20psyche.jpg" width="181" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Psyche by Ioannis Kossos </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbKmA6YzinqsdG8BnIcuK0Tql3OW1BC1OaZVpK7fjoKno0JPovdcp2DFcYukwuH-_joqqRb2iT39kfHRAQhP5cx6ynSDgsCgqXPDpwKSHooxSBVu4UKCIlKAY0-S14C7STxGcGOtaH8D4OrH5ZVWMqbiGNzxuz9fpOANWGb7eE8dzjd5p2FOXKooEPzhM/s898/642px-Bust_of_Queen_Amalia_of_Greece_at_the_National_Historical_Museum_of_Athens.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="898" data-original-width="642" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbKmA6YzinqsdG8BnIcuK0Tql3OW1BC1OaZVpK7fjoKno0JPovdcp2DFcYukwuH-_joqqRb2iT39kfHRAQhP5cx6ynSDgsCgqXPDpwKSHooxSBVu4UKCIlKAY0-S14C7STxGcGOtaH8D4OrH5ZVWMqbiGNzxuz9fpOANWGb7eE8dzjd5p2FOXKooEPzhM/s320/642px-Bust_of_Queen_Amalia_of_Greece_at_the_National_Historical_Museum_of_Athens.jpg" width="229" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Queen Amalia of Greece by the Fytalis Brothers now
in the National Historical Museum on Stadiou Street</span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLakK47fyOMsyRa2lnAgXWCf-JGtn9Rn8Wlm-q_v-vKFTaJRfQFz_PFfoSLXd6bBeqN0VLPCtmM_yG0QELrOKJNIDVjQn-EnjSSeoXK9Tk0Or74oBysAgnZenP5X8UU-_OQexyyy-LvWm_yQcqvCPaUaSsTiQ2wcF6sX0oAL6TidkIuZvpIwXmVmLo-qk/s682/Fytalis,%201883.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="682" data-original-width="500" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLakK47fyOMsyRa2lnAgXWCf-JGtn9Rn8Wlm-q_v-vKFTaJRfQFz_PFfoSLXd6bBeqN0VLPCtmM_yG0QELrOKJNIDVjQn-EnjSSeoXK9Tk0Or74oBysAgnZenP5X8UU-_OQexyyy-LvWm_yQcqvCPaUaSsTiQ2wcF6sX0oAL6TidkIuZvpIwXmVmLo-qk/s320/Fytalis,%201883.jpg" width="235" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Fytalis brothers again in 1883</span></i></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJESLgidfgA4pDRNopsKSDqU7XBuEmJ8o-quMG4kD5lhEcaFHYfJGPkDCQWBkCNY4LeWuDWITuKBGwOewiETsSg6b8iLD44K-GDuWHtM5MokeWdpmiZ4xwNKe7YSAIF7Xs5jdGELRWPdwRBczRXpSlk52DX4lEnF4c_K_K7SUhCKNVNlEo1dCD3iwTAH0/s962/Irini_Maurokordatou_by_Leonidas_Drosis.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="962" data-original-width="725" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJESLgidfgA4pDRNopsKSDqU7XBuEmJ8o-quMG4kD5lhEcaFHYfJGPkDCQWBkCNY4LeWuDWITuKBGwOewiETsSg6b8iLD44K-GDuWHtM5MokeWdpmiZ4xwNKe7YSAIF7Xs5jdGELRWPdwRBczRXpSlk52DX4lEnF4c_K_K7SUhCKNVNlEo1dCD3iwTAH0/s320/Irini_Maurokordatou_by_Leonidas_Drosis.jpg" width="241" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Leonidas Drossis’ bust of Irini Mavrokordatos.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Marble
Trade</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As you might expect of any sculptor in Greece, Siegel was fascinated by its
storied ancient quarries, many of which were still producing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Marble was big business in the 19<sup>th</sup>
century and there was an ever growing export market. Architects, diplomats,
philhellenes and the artists themselves were eager to invest. Architect and
town planner,<a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2 022/04/stamatis-kleanthis-architect.html"> Stamatis Kleanthis</a>, already owned quarries on the island of Tinos
in the 1840s. Siegel’s first investment was a quarry in Axinoi, on Tinos circa
1849-50. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He successfully presented some of
this marble at an exhibition in London in 1851. The Prussian king was so impressed,
he made a large order through Karl Kloebe, his consul in Greece. Kloebe and
Christian went into the marble business together. This is all very vague
because there are very few records of ownership during this period. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We do know that when Siegel died, Kloebe continued
their business for a time. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Between 1850 and 1855, Siegel was often abroad, accepting European commissions
and promoting Greek marble.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1857 he rediscovered the ancient marble quarries near Lagia (above
the village of Dimaristika) in the Mani which contained the famous rosy <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rosso antico</i>, quarried in Greece since Mycenean
times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even today it is an out of the
way spot. It must have seemed like the back of the moon to Siegel</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBON8MLemG9u2i-DG4jDoSCDpgxPtBrKh50lBpaBFciE6l8cikMFuHJoqpWRAHudcoT9-_UsL3Pip8p5U5izGkAsKvH695U8no99eOHZa4Yj0MUKgG6kjAUauJao_M1lcNTZw0vOGYmOZhuqpZpd9aDe1UVT1h6zAuLz9nPd_qnDHPaBPXxXsJaqBpCyI/s600/Mani_roso_antico.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="450" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBON8MLemG9u2i-DG4jDoSCDpgxPtBrKh50lBpaBFciE6l8cikMFuHJoqpWRAHudcoT9-_UsL3Pip8p5U5izGkAsKvH695U8no99eOHZa4Yj0MUKgG6kjAUauJao_M1lcNTZw0vOGYmOZhuqpZpd9aDe1UVT1h6zAuLz9nPd_qnDHPaBPXxXsJaqBpCyI/w300-h400/Mani_roso_antico.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Quarry
near Lagia. Visiting today is still an adventure.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1859 saw him investing in another Tinian quarry, this time with green
veins. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Siegel could now boast red and
green Greek marble, perhaps the rarest hues of all.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Siegel in the
First Cemetery</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhprEx47cvdeMHly3DxJw7Y84ABfOGRDVy7OOdMR17dvQuH5GvkoWco1GgizREdGCakRW6Wzec1WRqSeCubKmn-Sxs4pq6kXXhKi0bE1zwzMpqONf1AUIN7yZxOqhNPP9N3bMvVKWZLXIoGE7Vbq7ZhOIWuxty3gJHeFDqqlvwI35TzK-EWG0XaMnPphP4/s613/siegel_nekriko.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="613" data-original-width="436" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhprEx47cvdeMHly3DxJw7Y84ABfOGRDVy7OOdMR17dvQuH5GvkoWco1GgizREdGCakRW6Wzec1WRqSeCubKmn-Sxs4pq6kXXhKi0bE1zwzMpqONf1AUIN7yZxOqhNPP9N3bMvVKWZLXIoGE7Vbq7ZhOIWuxty3gJHeFDqqlvwI35TzK-EWG0XaMnPphP4/w285-h400/siegel_nekriko.jpg" width="285" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section 4,
Number 102</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1864, Siegel created the grave stele of Elisabeth Werberg in the
First Cemetery. It is a bas relief, a version of the Mourning Spirit whose
appearance in one form or another goes back to antiquity. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She (or he in some cases, with or without
wings), was a favourite motif in the 19<sup>th</sup> century and depictions go
from severe neoclassical to downright romantic. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She holds a long torch upside down to
symbolize the end of life. The mourning spirit and the extinguished (or
extinguishing) torch can be seen over and over again in the First Cemetery. That
little Athenian owl at her feet is a harbinger of death; the laurel it is
perched on a symbol of a life well lived. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Siegel signed his name </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΣΙΓΚΕΛΟΣ</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">under the angel’s feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(ΑΘΗΝΗΘΕΝ ΕΡΓΟΝ ΣΙΓΕΛΟΣ)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">If this angel is not a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">perfect</i>
fit into the neoclassical mould promoted at the School of Fine Arts, it does
well to remember that funeral monuments were an important source of income for
sculptors in Greece, and were made to please the tastes of the families of the
deceased.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Siegel’s angel closely resembles in stance and expression an earlier and
smaller Mourning Spirit on a tomb of the <a href="http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2017/02/the-malakates-brothers.html">Malakates brothers</a>.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq3q5daPOFzR05govg0wBw-kHy0JSOVGab3yN4k1gH29yz3tkV2GJbOmezdQQ2jOVC3U2OLmAqiG1bwg7f3v7xjZC9hfzEEi4Fno3fQixINzLBb5Bb68h_6U7vlE9siDn3WU2ojnhyA5F_RI8YoIHbN4xXJ-wOz20whh2W2SH9-f_GskPNlIQV9LnvQsg/s400/malakates%20section%20One,%20172.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="300" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq3q5daPOFzR05govg0wBw-kHy0JSOVGab3yN4k1gH29yz3tkV2GJbOmezdQQ2jOVC3U2OLmAqiG1bwg7f3v7xjZC9hfzEEi4Fno3fQixINzLBb5Bb68h_6U7vlE9siDn3WU2ojnhyA5F_RI8YoIHbN4xXJ-wOz20whh2W2SH9-f_GskPNlIQV9LnvQsg/s320/malakates%20section%20One,%20172.JPG" width="240" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Damaskinos Family, Section One, Number 172</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Same hair, same pose, but no owl or laurel.</i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicgwSD21mFAGbsUpWXl0oiNFmBp45rAOldWcJNfqjT7rRFflNZPFJUJtFIuEbHXnu3RRnOgp82p_Ryxz6T8SSbOH-tmNPiDNMTYYR_Nhy3g8FzyriW2Y_4w0rLXVUn6xG8d4P86uFXtslTQqSbaytHeVxaL_2ZrBdqceFrb_WFgF3b-QOzABg1HQyX2U8/s225/SECTION%204%20183%20NEGRIS%20FYTALIS%20Negris%20tomb.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="110" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicgwSD21mFAGbsUpWXl0oiNFmBp45rAOldWcJNfqjT7rRFflNZPFJUJtFIuEbHXnu3RRnOgp82p_Ryxz6T8SSbOH-tmNPiDNMTYYR_Nhy3g8FzyriW2Y_4w0rLXVUn6xG8d4P86uFXtslTQqSbaytHeVxaL_2ZrBdqceFrb_WFgF3b-QOzABg1HQyX2U8/w196-h400/SECTION%204%20183%20NEGRIS%20FYTALIS%20Negris%20tomb.JPG" width="196" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A Fytalis
brothers’ mourning angel in Section 4, Number 183 done in 1883 with an owl</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It can be an interesting pastime to track down these mourning figures and
their symbols while walking in the First Cemetery. Some sport owls, others lamps
or wreaths. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All wear classical dress
even if some of it is draped over a naked form. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Siegel’s
Last Years and another Lion</span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Siegel’s career may have got off the ground with a sleeping lion, but it
was intended to end with a sitting one. The head and paws of the Lion of
Chaironeia had been discovered by British travellers in 1820 who promptly
reburied it in order to save it for the British Museum. Luckily that never
happened. There were several efforts to resurrect the lion, some of which
involved Siegel.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuCB6vjd4bkYetdqKtmtMIRemwASLPJW5UEiFgMfijTYNB6-ncsucpxMf3ODUt1BMORAGzDRcVeX1o0WmZDtWk3C9-K2QGn7hppH6R_NHPs377Ksaf0-o_4ylUt1D4kRehf8mt5dF3I9Lh5vgt1pLtc2l8Kz7PVkr667aUw-mz9gF0NWHni9QWoMDv3ro/s900/Cpgr3J5WcAEtp7I.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="659" data-original-width="900" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuCB6vjd4bkYetdqKtmtMIRemwASLPJW5UEiFgMfijTYNB6-ncsucpxMf3ODUt1BMORAGzDRcVeX1o0WmZDtWk3C9-K2QGn7hppH6R_NHPs377Ksaf0-o_4ylUt1D4kRehf8mt5dF3I9Lh5vgt1pLtc2l8Kz7PVkr667aUw-mz9gF0NWHni9QWoMDv3ro/w400-h293/Cpgr3J5WcAEtp7I.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The lion had
been erected by Thebes to commemorate their war dead (the Sacred Band) after
their defeat by Phillip of Macedonin in 388 BC </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Greek Archaeological Society had considered a restoration in 1839 and
had successfully petitioned King Othon for the task, assuring him that German
donors would pay the bill. That plan fell through in 1843 after a Greek uprising
forced Othon to grant the country a constitution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This offended the donors. It seems they were willing
to patronise only as long as they could also be patronising. They withdrew
their money, their leader dismissing Greece as an ‘uppity mini country’. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>German phihellenism had its limits!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Siegel submitted <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">his</i> plan for
restoring the lion in 1856 but nothing happened, not even after the summer of
1879 when he travelled to the site with Lazaris Fytalis in another attempt to
resurrect the beast. Siegel was in his 70s then and still going strong. He
wanted to take part in the excavation of ancient Chaironeia as well as placing
the lion back on its paws. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-upMphp1SWO7kZL_hi3Nr3zcPJWxHQCZj4v9R382dVU-sHZ0TsoKKAeTqg28Gz5e5ttmUJvyHWnmXagybmGPOfQ-j6k7JKGLh9lspzIiz_A26JNRuzCHitbvoNJQGREPReHMT43BxDaKcMkumLBceDk_PPZuju9WMp1YkPLlAb2GrL4jS7pd_HVZ7OWs/s276/lion%20of%20chaieroneia.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="276" data-original-width="183" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-upMphp1SWO7kZL_hi3Nr3zcPJWxHQCZj4v9R382dVU-sHZ0TsoKKAeTqg28Gz5e5ttmUJvyHWnmXagybmGPOfQ-j6k7JKGLh9lspzIiz_A26JNRuzCHitbvoNJQGREPReHMT43BxDaKcMkumLBceDk_PPZuju9WMp1YkPLlAb2GrL4jS7pd_HVZ7OWs/w265-h400/lion%20of%20chaieroneia.jpg" width="265" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The lion
finally roared in 1902, and is a bit of a patchwork, not much of it Siegel’s.</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Seigel died in 1883 and is buried in the
Protestant Cemetery under a monument he would surely have approved of.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7FM3hP-I8KwAxKRgOc_o1YJv8rNw7vq3mGC-aYHcIobSi2XMKMu3Q5nOMKaNywv20aRe-m61fsg7xoMr-R6Hk0tzpQtIIzk3MCupFd4V6ah6B9-BkLpnM7fscPC0GI7SeKVAoGGzlzuMTlZZeB_Nt6t5iRMyp8bvptQpaTy9ATZ0yLvwpmO__6oU2RXw/s540/5-2-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="405" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7FM3hP-I8KwAxKRgOc_o1YJv8rNw7vq3mGC-aYHcIobSi2XMKMu3Q5nOMKaNywv20aRe-m61fsg7xoMr-R6Hk0tzpQtIIzk3MCupFd4V6ah6B9-BkLpnM7fscPC0GI7SeKVAoGGzlzuMTlZZeB_Nt6t5iRMyp8bvptQpaTy9ATZ0yLvwpmO__6oU2RXw/w300-h400/5-2-1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXL1rhyo0Xp_PgutzObp-geind8679JPp6rzxqcNbzMwGY1XI0GHrtA7stSHe3eScs9H5T2DHoGCrDF_I1eeZmR8N-vLZJlGIgAgGo8-j6Mpjjf6i4A13jX6IHOdYDkvSNFTqhiJq3xSQuZcUao4ePblcBNQKhV6i2o4ut7EPtJHZqHY68H-AiOW3DK1A/s1037/12.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="778" data-original-width="1037" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXL1rhyo0Xp_PgutzObp-geind8679JPp6rzxqcNbzMwGY1XI0GHrtA7stSHe3eScs9H5T2DHoGCrDF_I1eeZmR8N-vLZJlGIgAgGo8-j6Mpjjf6i4A13jX6IHOdYDkvSNFTqhiJq3xSQuZcUao4ePblcBNQKhV6i2o4ut7EPtJHZqHY68H-AiOW3DK1A/w400-h300/12.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In
an obituary at the time, his connection with the marble quarries in Lakonia and
Tinos are mentioned. But his real legacy was the students he taught.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 46.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A dress
code exception was made for heroes of the revolution such as Varvakis and
Capodistria. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Some say 1835.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The site, or part of it, is now the Athens
Municipal Gallery, and well worth a visit if only to explore the old building
and the area.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.4pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKsBpe8HnvXXvPySFdJX29xxOhRt1wxzhm5bo_2eVhoTsAssp5JVkZw1cp9fmP-11OeNApjSY4c8b_XdLd6Cq280Zb_t-nxZdqF1TnJjZTeq7JyCie8ipGW4i1YAF6DXjP05pX2K7vueRuIy8IlJ2po4dx99Y2cCF7r-BC0DFZZCisxbp93C8nM6w8ID0/s778/987.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="778" data-original-width="584" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKsBpe8HnvXXvPySFdJX29xxOhRt1wxzhm5bo_2eVhoTsAssp5JVkZw1cp9fmP-11OeNApjSY4c8b_XdLd6Cq280Zb_t-nxZdqF1TnJjZTeq7JyCie8ipGW4i1YAF6DXjP05pX2K7vueRuIy8IlJ2po4dx99Y2cCF7r-BC0DFZZCisxbp93C8nM6w8ID0/s320/987.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.4pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
Old silk factory has had a stylish makeover</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Bavarian Guards who were sent to Greece, many
of whom stayed on, have kind of slipped out of the national consciousness. They
did not all die of Typhoid as the small Catholic church in the suburb of Palio
Iraklio (an area set aside for the troops to live) testifies. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 46.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(5)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Or maybe on King Ludwig who perhaps wanted to
outdo the one in Lucerne. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 46.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(6)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Whether or not the Malakates brothers from
Tinos attended the school in its early days is unknown to me. They opened an
Athenian <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>workshop in 1834 and were
reputed to be self taught. But, either they picked up the neoclassicist aesthetic
from the air, or they too were early weekend attendees. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sources</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sources on Siegel are few and far
between</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://slpress.gr/politismos/enas-germanos-glyptis-sto-metaxoyrgeio/"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://slpress.gr/politismos/enas-germanos-glyptis-sto-metaxoyrgeio/</span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> best
article on him</span></b></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Material on Chaironeia from </span></b><a href="https://berlinarchaeology.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/ma-2008.pdf"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://berlinarchaeology.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/ma-2008.pdf</span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p> <br /><p></p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-37559484522074437172023-08-24T23:52:00.002-07:002024-02-08T01:56:44.439-08:00Lysandros Kaftanzoglou, Architect and Teacher<p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: center 225.65pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros
Kaftanzoglou<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΛΥΣΑΝΔΡΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΚΑΥΤΑΝΖΟΓΛΟΥ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Born 1811<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died 1885</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMdx5SNmevkYQnBLCtJsZHvOdhf9korfh2-NntQddiE9J8TcFzV9ce8Q7eNg0Sbh-dFyarZPGZMnK7u5cyRyw2DSwqWoesyjb1mBaF0Q9YP5FiKS4nj7-j62RkJtqRY1skRYXjexhQa_R1Tm0Uw7CjDTrIC9MlhNrqqw5I9QyP6bQUDKQYPl3woOthu6g/s4608/IMG_2302.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMdx5SNmevkYQnBLCtJsZHvOdhf9korfh2-NntQddiE9J8TcFzV9ce8Q7eNg0Sbh-dFyarZPGZMnK7u5cyRyw2DSwqWoesyjb1mBaF0Q9YP5FiKS4nj7-j62RkJtqRY1skRYXjexhQa_R1Tm0Uw7CjDTrIC9MlhNrqqw5I9QyP6bQUDKQYPl3woOthu6g/w400-h300/IMG_2302.JPG" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section
Four, Number 336</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In an era
of advancing nationalism, Kaftanzoglou set himself (with)in the effort to
promote a purist national identity for the country, - based on ancient
prototypes.<span style="color: red;">(1)</span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros
Kaftanzoglou</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>came to Greece as a young
architect <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>just as Athens, under the
aegis of King Othon and his father King Ludwig 1 of Bavaria, was undergoing
rapid reconstruction and development in an all out effort to turn <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>itself into an enviable European capital city and one
that would <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>embody, in stone and mortar, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the ideals and aspirations of the new nation.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">After a false start in 1839 followed by a lucky break in 1844, Kaftanzoglou
became an architectural star in an era of emerging architectural superstars. It
was not so much his work as his influence on the students he taught as
chancellor of the National Technical University of Athens<u> </u></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">between 1844 and
1862. He was an avid proponent of a pure classical style in an era when the
issue of just ‘how classical’ neoclassical should be was hotly debated. Theories
about how to embody the soul of the nation were complicated, sometimes contradictory,
and often downright rancorous. </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi8QEg5yC-giu4jx25NolQlocf1ZNTz_6KhJpeFVT3QL4WGfgGDt-Q89VJXxZLISat7Zmh9xeYIclGK8d-gA_5ETy80-RkUy7WjLucXZIsbK2kLcKZmWmWPg4Nu-QBvauUkvyRlceHLAeYo6KQUqYowyHR42WLQs_7goYQX2gq6d2xfhLpUzECzX9Jpd0/s1059/Lytras_Nikiforos_portrait_of_Kaftantzoglou.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1059" data-original-width="720" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi8QEg5yC-giu4jx25NolQlocf1ZNTz_6KhJpeFVT3QL4WGfgGDt-Q89VJXxZLISat7Zmh9xeYIclGK8d-gA_5ETy80-RkUy7WjLucXZIsbK2kLcKZmWmWPg4Nu-QBvauUkvyRlceHLAeYo6KQUqYowyHR42WLQs_7goYQX2gq6d2xfhLpUzECzX9Jpd0/w436-h640/Lytras_Nikiforos_portrait_of_Kaftantzoglou.jpg" width="436" /></a></span></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Neoclassicism and the New State</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">That neoclassical architecture would be the default style for the new
city was never in dispute. The choice was not merely to follow established European
trends; it was intended to inculcate a sense of patriotic nationalism in the new
citizens by connecting the country’s modern architecture directly to Greece’s
glorious past. <span style="color: red;">(2)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">From the beginning, the architecture of Athens functioned within a
strict institutional framework:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1836 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all </i>construction was under the aegis of the
Ministry of the Interior whose Architectural Department would vet each and
every design. This goes a long way to explaining how Athenian avenues came to
be crowded with homogeneous neoclassical mansions and why so many of Athens monumental
public buildings would not have been out of place in the Athens of Pericles. Adopting
an architectural style that was considered at the time to be modern and liberal
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">as well as</i> one reflecting the
country’s past was a win-win option for Greece.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros was born
in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Thessaloniki</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> in 1811. His
father was Merkourios Kaftanzoglou and his mother a Frenchwoman, Francoise (Fani)
Tavernier. The family was not an insignificant oone in Ottoman Thessaloniki.
Merkourios’ father Ioannis Kaftanzoglou was an elder, one of the Greeks in
charge of promoting the Greek community’s interests under Ottoman domination,
as well as ensuring their compliance. Thessaloniki was the Ottoman’s second
most important city and in the early 1800s was an important trading centre.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ2vvl7ZTMfG2lCp-_CWUzMU8V358bfUDukL6ClXiElh-gSt6WE4ADX-b1FkJHNqFhJ5hYo7ntHp03AHZOu_BVNck5NsOQ7ROzButp27gQaT-gh0ssvmlkZM3Y5W0NzYfQfKpEypB-01-t5K2kSgXyw8CcaBduUXjUXdvItoTrZdbOG_x0St0iyg8uXvs/s617/19th%20century%20Thess.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="452" data-original-width="617" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ2vvl7ZTMfG2lCp-_CWUzMU8V358bfUDukL6ClXiElh-gSt6WE4ADX-b1FkJHNqFhJ5hYo7ntHp03AHZOu_BVNck5NsOQ7ROzButp27gQaT-gh0ssvmlkZM3Y5W0NzYfQfKpEypB-01-t5K2kSgXyw8CcaBduUXjUXdvItoTrZdbOG_x0St0iyg8uXvs/s320/19th%20century%20Thess.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ottoman Thessaloniki</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Merkourios died in
1818. The family’s situation became precarious after the Greek revolution broke
out because Ioannis Kaftanzoglou had been a fervent supporter of the cause. To
avoid Ottoman reprisals, Francoise took her sons to live in Marseilles. Lysandros
went on to study architecture at the prestigious San Luca Academy in Rome where
he graduated with distinction. It was not at all certain that he would return
to Greece which had been declared a state in the London Protocol of 1830. His
own home town was not part of the new nation. Furthermore, he was receiving a
gratifying amount of praise and awards for his neoclassical designs in Europe before
finally coming to Athens in 1838. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He must have been
tempted by the frenzy of architectural activity that the declaration of Athens
as Greece’s capital in 1834 had engendered. Athens had suddenly become <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the</i> place for European architects,
archaeologists, and artists to visit, study, record, and, for some, to draw up plans
to make their own mark on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tabula rasa</i>
that was the emerging city. Stamatis Kleanthes, (a fellow Greek from north of
the new state’s borders) and his partner Eduard Schaubert had preceded him<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>by several years and had already
produced a city plan whose outlines can still be seen in the city centre. By the
time Kaftanzoglou arrived, Athens was awash with city planners, architects and
engineers, and a good many of them were foreigners who were monopolizing the
purse strings of king Othon and his father King Ludwig. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros did meet the king and, in 1839, in an exhibition held inside
the Thisseon at the foot of the Acropolis, he presented his own austere town
plan, meant to counter the romantic garden city north of the acropolis envisioned
by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kleanthes and Schaubert. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He proposed a modern grid system to the east and
north-east of the acropolis and a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">total</i>
separation between new development and what was left of the rabbit warren of
streets in the old city (today’s Plaka and Psyrri). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He did not manage to break into the magic circle of those favoured with
commissions and instead went on to greener pastures in Constantinople.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He might never have returned but, in 1844, local
anger in Greece at civil service jobs going to foreigners came to a head and a
constitutional change swept all foreigners out of the civil service.<span style="color: red;"> (3)</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This left
openings for Greek professionals like Kaftanzoglou. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apparently Othon <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">had</i> noticed him in 1839. The king invited him to become the first
Greek to head the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Royal School of Arts</i>
(today’s Polytechnic), a post that he would hold for the next eighteen years. He
was 33 years old.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Tenure
at the Polytechnical University</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Under his Aegis, the school grew and prospered. It is interesting that,
as a trained architect himself, he did not immediately institute a Department of
Architecture. His reasons were aesthetic. He believed that architecture was not
a separate discipline from the fine arts. In fact, Kaftanzoglou<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> encouraged</i> the subjugation of the
applied arts to the fine arts. Looking back, it seems an odd perspective given his
own education. When questioned, he would respond that Greece was not yet ready.
Some of his detractors (and there were quite a few) suggested that he just
wanted to keep architectural commissions for himself. The result was the delayed
emergence of home grown Greek architects but wonderful encouragement for the
painters and sculptors who attended the school.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His position as chancellor opened up many opportunities such as
membership in the influential Greek archaeological society, his participation
in the committee for a national Archaeological Museum and many other posts. His
aesthetic and practical views became ones to be reckoned with. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As a member of the Archaeological Society, Kaftanzoglou defended the
stripping of the acropolis of all medieval structures like the Frankish Tower
which at one point he called ‘Turkish’. There were some people at the time who did
not think everything after Pericles should be obliterated. He countered with
the argument that Greece had no obligation to preserve a ‘barbarous monument’. Only
what was the ‘classical’ reflected the true nature of the Greek people and that
this was the mirror that state should be holding up.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNOShe_N7Gy3Gixcv1LfHecrMmrrpYf_57HI1koUBYRhiPcwTAsVho3rg_CyR2XChGaz_y2k0AQ7mwu1_7Qk8jX40xD8xsmpNfRhR6RPFOZd0iVsYNF6hXaJVnP8Qs5wwP881l1KnyAnWxTOyqzEvekH3ebjAPRJHa7sn5P4aBl4oXD0k0IPjkusY20jg/s1200/Acropolis_Frankish_tower.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="887" data-original-width="1200" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNOShe_N7Gy3Gixcv1LfHecrMmrrpYf_57HI1koUBYRhiPcwTAsVho3rg_CyR2XChGaz_y2k0AQ7mwu1_7Qk8jX40xD8xsmpNfRhR6RPFOZd0iVsYNF6hXaJVnP8Qs5wwP881l1KnyAnWxTOyqzEvekH3ebjAPRJHa7sn5P4aBl4oXD0k0IPjkusY20jg/w400-h296/Acropolis_Frankish_tower.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It was not
demolished until 1875. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Heinrich
Schliemann footed the bill.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As a classical purist, Kaftanzoglou was at odds
with Stamatis Kleanthes’ tendency to romantic touches and, towards the end of
his life, looked upon my hero, architect Ernst Ziller, with an equally
jaundiced eye. He believed that he had found the perfect model for Athens and
was offended by deviations. It must have rankled that the design of the
neoclassical triumphs of the Library, the University, and The Academy on
Panepistimiou Street, so emblematic of his aesthetic, had been designed by the
Hansen brothers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apparently he did have
a hand in altering some of the University during its erection, but still…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kaftanzoglou resigned his post at the Polytechnical school when his
mentor <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>King Otto was deposed in 1862.
But he continued working until his death in October 1885. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Work</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kaftanzoglou’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>two triumphs were
the Arsakeion and the Averoff Building in the Athens Polytechnical complex. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also built many neoclassical churches. They
still impress, but may not stop you in your tracks with the possible exception
of Agios Constantinos and Eleni near Plateia Omonia.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Arsakeion</span></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Panepistimiou Street, Number 47-9 (on the corner of Panepistimiou
and Pesmazoglou Streets)</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT0A3h7GCT7PATuqmKTlHHgiBLtkok-WOIK6uFvJrWd0E7LJw5uJWlg29ngxXlHLDQpvarNNuWI2gnz98Nj_kDOMtCqeDBg5QcnCPt0aDGn2seurkokWSClCOvxDD5fa11OKYrcacGFe3cBcbd0zcch9f3_58me4Yb69AksHUjHQC66qhqTur99TSBLN8/s320/ARSAKEIO1936.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="195" data-original-width="320" height="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT0A3h7GCT7PATuqmKTlHHgiBLtkok-WOIK6uFvJrWd0E7LJw5uJWlg29ngxXlHLDQpvarNNuWI2gnz98Nj_kDOMtCqeDBg5QcnCPt0aDGn2seurkokWSClCOvxDD5fa11OKYrcacGFe3cBcbd0zcch9f3_58me4Yb69AksHUjHQC66qhqTur99TSBLN8/w640-h390/ARSAKEIO1936.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /> </span></i><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">Constructed between 1846 and 1852 </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1zGAfXh1ilNImZyzJ6g5n21Rm1VgHEYkDjn1Lm8xnBfwp2HSeALZHqGysehQ3Dtsv3N1sYe9yAMTrzirIhdwxiN7LCymjkZsf2MUuzLPCn08CAsIWbmLhgJ12-uEbss4bI5uvz01nYR9cVBo9dcNB6yMaaC4Z4qN6pH7pB8a-aqTfunaKoA0wjesuYYk/s300/Untitled.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1zGAfXh1ilNImZyzJ6g5n21Rm1VgHEYkDjn1Lm8xnBfwp2HSeALZHqGysehQ3Dtsv3N1sYe9yAMTrzirIhdwxiN7LCymjkZsf2MUuzLPCn08CAsIWbmLhgJ12-uEbss4bI5uvz01nYR9cVBo9dcNB6yMaaC4Z4qN6pH7pB8a-aqTfunaKoA0wjesuYYk/w400-h224/Untitled.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
entrance today</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Apostolos Arsakis</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
(1789 – 1869), a wealthy Romanian Greek donated 600,000 drachmas for the
establishment of female education institutes in Athens. In gratitude, this
building was named after him. Experts claim that Kaftanzoglou’s design is the
most authentic example of ‘Hellenised’ neoclassicism still standing in the city.
It is an austere, harmonious building with an impressive marble entrance flanked
by two Doric columns. Its severe central core is mitigated by projecting wings
and its upper story is softened by a row of Ionic half columns. Kaftanzoglou
had stolen this commission out from under Stamatis Kleanthes who had first been
invited to submit a design. A very public and rancorous disagreement between
the two architects ensued. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kaftanzoglou won. When it came to the erection of public
buildings, Kaftanzoglou had the edge. Kleanthes went on to build more stylishly
eccentric buildings for private clients like the Duchess of Plaisance. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The ground floor of the Arsakeion was converted into shops in the
1930s but was returned to its original splendour by architect Alexandros
Kalligas. It now houses the Greek Council of State. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Averoff Building, now part of the
National Metsovian Technical University of Athens</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">on Patission Street</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOH_vlLCQnQlMnOY8Wa8cygmNQmQFtYoJHneZrAxOqYuHRNTsvcUcXs1_NoBh1R3JQcaDQIAk4RgOZlGzyaGyw2KLfE7QpQupjKiEXZrJGeH66ta8FLBaZkQpl7rhgK2EZO9zTvpglpzxFEKIks88iRwXvE1NO6fiKYQrBUooel-HEbN2gBJurfwnf1Zw/s500/NTUA1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="341" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOH_vlLCQnQlMnOY8Wa8cygmNQmQFtYoJHneZrAxOqYuHRNTsvcUcXs1_NoBh1R3JQcaDQIAk4RgOZlGzyaGyw2KLfE7QpQupjKiEXZrJGeH66ta8FLBaZkQpl7rhgK2EZO9zTvpglpzxFEKIks88iRwXvE1NO6fiKYQrBUooel-HEbN2gBJurfwnf1Zw/w437-h640/NTUA1.jpg" width="437" /></a></span></div><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" />
</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Constructed Between 1862 and 1876</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Scene of the famous November 17, 1973 uprising of students against
the military junta, the Athens Polytechnical University is better known for
this today than for its architecture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sadly
it is often covered in graffiti, something that would have horrified its
creator.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> In her book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Neoclassical
Architecture in Greece</i>, Adami describes it as ‘a classical sculptural
composition strictly organized around its axis of symmetry.’ Two identical
ground floor structures flank the main entrance. This building is self-contained,
elegant in its simplicity, and monumental in the best sense of the word. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDNMl-Pd-8uQ_-QZ-keoU9pXGDLgpn1y6OxmwWKEvZrI1kG733p0dq3HzNSwX-om-T_pivIXcQBYAP56RaGWl9A91DL9Z70RSpEr-yQCMFKDk0H58iFqMAHm6hGrqjT3jNRno8KKebOy2M6MkZpUDh0H8_vHzNK_Z8j3IqeldpQD8DmXQWQdMI2K7alI8/s510/NTUA_-_Patision_Complex.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="269" data-original-width="510" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDNMl-Pd-8uQ_-QZ-keoU9pXGDLgpn1y6OxmwWKEvZrI1kG733p0dq3HzNSwX-om-T_pivIXcQBYAP56RaGWl9A91DL9Z70RSpEr-yQCMFKDk0H58iFqMAHm6hGrqjT3jNRno8KKebOy2M6MkZpUDh0H8_vHzNK_Z8j3IqeldpQD8DmXQWQdMI2K7alI8/w640-h338/NTUA_-_Patision_Complex.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is no accident that its elevated central portico resembles the
Erectheion on the acropolis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kaftanzoglou
had had a hand in its excavation and it was certainly on his mind when he
designed this building. Its portico has pure white Ionic columns topped by the impeccable
order of the entablature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its loggias
and open spaces suit the attic climate just as did its prototype.<span style="color: red;"> (4</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="color: red;"> </span>The building was renovated in 2021 and houses the School of
Architecture.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kaftanzoglou’s Three Aisled Basilicas</span></b></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
churches are all neoclassical three aisled basilicas of varying levels of grandeur.
Each displays degrees of what experts term ancient Greek, Romanesque, and
Byzantine influences, a mix possibly depending to some degree upon their donors’
wishes. Certainly they all reflect nineteenth century bourgeois optimism. Built
for large congregations, they often took years to complete because of funding
problems. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All are in stark contrast to
those bijoux byzantine churches still standing in the city centre.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6PeyVpeWi6ccba7Zl8YrOwmZ3IQpt2pOmgwFUwRrOixYF2aTonqfPXhqGOIjTZ7VLMgTuMj5UVhCI1c0Noi0ig0h5Uyv2fOnc9Usil1P2Xm4wnyT-uSqdVBMoQqVXL7fb170L6-4EVIMEBPLyVzyA_c7Z7EDx8c-gLmCSnnFznzIdmA9Z54ixJKCK9a8/s1400/Moutzali_Patra_14.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="839" data-original-width="1400" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6PeyVpeWi6ccba7Zl8YrOwmZ3IQpt2pOmgwFUwRrOixYF2aTonqfPXhqGOIjTZ7VLMgTuMj5UVhCI1c0Noi0ig0h5Uyv2fOnc9Usil1P2Xm4wnyT-uSqdVBMoQqVXL7fb170L6-4EVIMEBPLyVzyA_c7Z7EDx8c-gLmCSnnFznzIdmA9Z54ixJKCK9a8/w400-h240/Moutzali_Patra_14.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Church of Agios Andreas</b>
in Patras, built between 1836 and 1845.</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhPmHTUVbJRKtQmwIqYdZqMVFzlhWuiAHL7R-gM3vfovWuFrEfbVi6E19tXTWoqkjCL2Ez_a9EtMh5vCiuB3HXlt0k6rU3x_OXiH0cpIzumo9plXqp8YBpc-Agd5yknA8BIYdmbGs7kx0-Ad-iABwszD1YzNAbSaa5NjDdeGPR1aQhIvVpVq-hAVlkpQ4/s259/agia%20Irini.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhPmHTUVbJRKtQmwIqYdZqMVFzlhWuiAHL7R-gM3vfovWuFrEfbVi6E19tXTWoqkjCL2Ez_a9EtMh5vCiuB3HXlt0k6rU3x_OXiH0cpIzumo9plXqp8YBpc-Agd5yknA8BIYdmbGs7kx0-Ad-iABwszD1YzNAbSaa5NjDdeGPR1aQhIvVpVq-hAVlkpQ4/w400-h300/agia%20Irini.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span class="lrzxr"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Agia Irini</span></b></span><span class="lrzxr"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> at number 36 Αιόλου Street,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Athens </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Commissioned in 1846 and built between 1847 and
1850</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tucked away among so many other buildings, it is hard to grasp the
sheer volume of this church. The view of the north façade below gives an idea
of its size and its ‘clear intersecting volumes’. <span style="color: red;">(5)</span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrJ1FjUav_Bn0RjmSUsGITZAknIRTyEOr3zAz1PoEBN9H-ulwgBIeJ8sZoB-IUiAeCbUVZJY6svfFq4Kb831hZyg5kgBqxQu98IGbWsv9jmlkjO88lKPSgCZ_Pkh39UZDTRDD6H2dHLf3Q1uIoDg3BZcOYadQulNX9Qn7sv5vkCUwADeAnIbrl9HjOwxQ/s278/ag%20irini%20long%20view.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="181" data-original-width="278" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrJ1FjUav_Bn0RjmSUsGITZAknIRTyEOr3zAz1PoEBN9H-ulwgBIeJ8sZoB-IUiAeCbUVZJY6svfFq4Kb831hZyg5kgBqxQu98IGbWsv9jmlkjO88lKPSgCZ_Pkh39UZDTRDD6H2dHLf3Q1uIoDg3BZcOYadQulNX9Qn7sv5vkCUwADeAnIbrl9HjOwxQ/w400-h260/ag%20irini%20long%20view.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /> </span></i><p></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p>
<p><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMzTSw2AKJY_EK8yX2XDkrzwbwsQslmcZm_837RbEPvJOQl9o4yhEsd0i-KI1_tKhrUtlT0DdJ3upDfkRIBQ5Iad4VtoNA3VXpWMDT0huJ-0f6VR_cPeGfnvexPYFfTa3-CJ7NDtVxg3BJq_FFsKEkkHXw5iPoNnUb7AXiMX_3HbDvetgWbyJSHu95EZI/s940/article.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="694" data-original-width="940" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMzTSw2AKJY_EK8yX2XDkrzwbwsQslmcZm_837RbEPvJOQl9o4yhEsd0i-KI1_tKhrUtlT0DdJ3upDfkRIBQ5Iad4VtoNA3VXpWMDT0huJ-0f6VR_cPeGfnvexPYFfTa3-CJ7NDtVxg3BJq_FFsKEkkHXw5iPoNnUb7AXiMX_3HbDvetgWbyJSHu95EZI/w400-h295/article.jpg" width="400" /></a><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></div><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Agios
Georgios Karytsis</span></b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in Plateia Karytsis just
behind the National History Museum on Stadiou Street. Built between 1846 and
1850, it is noted for its monumental marble entrance topped by a white belfry.</i></span></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhesYF4pDxh1V_xT2xxfzAMEx2q_1PmdldCB4qYmBUCqPOFiYZwDb7tHT4XKv1ISZzxibzXiPW1b3EJxBcwGaUZ42uuc4V9khf9hAUvs2N6Yvsl7jfNa8uDotLnM6uq61ik8cfW2gbZzNprjIrFYqEOxz379Eqnr4roPs4vmo_CgXncv-fQ1D_TLUB8S3I/s1279/1280px-Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Dionysius_the_Areopagite,_Athens.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="853" data-original-width="1279" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhesYF4pDxh1V_xT2xxfzAMEx2q_1PmdldCB4qYmBUCqPOFiYZwDb7tHT4XKv1ISZzxibzXiPW1b3EJxBcwGaUZ42uuc4V9khf9hAUvs2N6Yvsl7jfNa8uDotLnM6uq61ik8cfW2gbZzNprjIrFYqEOxz379Eqnr4roPs4vmo_CgXncv-fQ1D_TLUB8S3I/w400-h266/1280px-Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Dionysius_the_Areopagite,_Athens.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Catholic Cathedral of Saint
Dionysius,</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Panepistimiou & 9 Omirou, built between 1858 and
1865</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The cathedral was originally
designed by German architect Leo Von Klenze. Kaftanzoglou was invited in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1858</b> to modify the design. He did this
by proposing a scaled down version of the original design and less
ornamentation, especially on the west façade’s arcaded porch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIhWHqEb9-DpATnxDLnYSvs-P6VuYZMQ_O-r4EuV9MM36UBPTHttLStGYvwAfO4-hwAW8qeHEW95iyTumlAOcn4JWNK69PX0vuwtBIXGDQmw0EhEtSlRUDq-3obThcUuy0FnAyTmwIP2R6D9aYDIGOZ_lLaSBH_8ok9h3zSSCPLTVhI1woo8UgpfuZNWc/s330/330px-The_Church_of_Saint_Constantine_in_Omonoia_on_August_16,_2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="220" data-original-width="330" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIhWHqEb9-DpATnxDLnYSvs-P6VuYZMQ_O-r4EuV9MM36UBPTHttLStGYvwAfO4-hwAW8qeHEW95iyTumlAOcn4JWNK69PX0vuwtBIXGDQmw0EhEtSlRUDq-3obThcUuy0FnAyTmwIP2R6D9aYDIGOZ_lLaSBH_8ok9h3zSSCPLTVhI1woo8UgpfuZNWc/w400-h266/330px-The_Church_of_Saint_Constantine_in_Omonoia_on_August_16,_2020.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Agios Constantinos and Eleni </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">near
Omonia Square<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(Number 48 on the street named after the church).</i></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Designed in 1869, and constructed from 1870-72 to 1893, it was not
inaugurated until 1905, long after Kaftanzoglou’s death.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1869, the City decided to build Agios Constantinos and Eleni to
commemorate the 1868 birth of Crown Prince Constantine, quite a civic gesture! Kaftanzoglou’s
own aesthetic vision is most fully realized here, particularly the façade with
its Corinthian columns and pediments. The church<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>covers an area of 1000 square meters and is 32
metres in height from floor to dome. It was damaged in the earthquakes of 1981
and 1999 and made fully safe again only in 2013.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As an interesting footnote, Agios Constantinos and Eleni now faces the much
more visited neoclassical gem that is The National Theatre of Greece, designed
and built by Ernst Ziller between 1895 and 1901. Luckily, Kaftanzoglou did not
live to see that.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaQeEv3lsPdkFPqGLuSEKwQQd9GNspejHDE1LX5gmbZ0UWQWfrQDPCNcxSlrHuBIzH5lwRrbrFQG8G9srtxwyeOLZSEVWceRU2zYmP8ci54B8Z58rm2PK7MCjVwrDr_sVgFAB8fvDLpf3CElnAFgT7MEfN2pN-9LP2QXOQbK3EPFuzZUathAjrt5hfVwI/s250/The_building_of_the_National_Theatre_of_Greece_on_Agiou_Konstantinou_Street_on_August_16,_2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="167" data-original-width="250" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaQeEv3lsPdkFPqGLuSEKwQQd9GNspejHDE1LX5gmbZ0UWQWfrQDPCNcxSlrHuBIzH5lwRrbrFQG8G9srtxwyeOLZSEVWceRU2zYmP8ci54B8Z58rm2PK7MCjVwrDr_sVgFAB8fvDLpf3CElnAFgT7MEfN2pN-9LP2QXOQbK3EPFuzZUathAjrt5hfVwI/w400-h268/The_building_of_the_National_Theatre_of_Greece_on_Agiou_Konstantinou_Street_on_August_16,_2020.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ziller’s
theatre</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A Summing Up</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Was
Kaftanzoglou too rigid? Certainly his purist streak did not allow for
innovation or argument. Many of the elements of the Averoff building are the
same as those in Agia Irini twenty or so years earlier. Like Mr Collins in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pride and Prejudice</i>, he may have wondered
what possible benefit there could be in alteration.</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His 1839 plan proposed a total separation between
the old and new town suggests a certain lack of understanding of how the city
could work for those already living there. Eradicating two thousand years of Greek
attitudes which were <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">also </i>embedded in
the design of Athens over those centuries, is not quite as easy as tearing down
a Frankish tower on the Acropolis. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wonder if
there was ever any kind of backlash to all of this neoclassical ‘civilising’? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One visitor did note that although Athenian
houses had skin deep Neoclassical facades they had ‘indigenous backs’!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may have been meant as an insult but I
rather like the surprising behinds of many buildings that seem so severe and
uncompromisingly neoclassical - until you enter their balconied and less
rigidly structured courtyards or backyards.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kaftanzoglou’s
aesthetic seems to have worked well with public buildings but it has to be
noted that his wealthy admirers and supporters preferred to use more flamboyant
and eclectic architects like Kleanthes, Ziller, and later Anastasios Metaxas
when it came to building their own homes.</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Still, neoclassicism in one form or another reigned until well into the
twentieth century when it began to meet serious aesthetic opposition in an era
of new technologies, new materials, and new ideas about what Athens should
become. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhopC2JVIA77acsV6ND-CUg6jIGTYehR3BPNioVZbgP1MI9Tu0hOwhSi-v54k-sIjtyJfnjc0WVCu4cQ5JQqnuXqcHoOACtC4WrsCaAKAY-GsNO2LBmcxCHmS33X3bgGRVSwyRPCGGqpIqYmUuiuYsvGZcpA4mIs3NDxY7meHHyNHvPLuKZSN4N7Wucdbw/s4608/IMG_2303.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhopC2JVIA77acsV6ND-CUg6jIGTYehR3BPNioVZbgP1MI9Tu0hOwhSi-v54k-sIjtyJfnjc0WVCu4cQ5JQqnuXqcHoOACtC4WrsCaAKAY-GsNO2LBmcxCHmS33X3bgGRVSwyRPCGGqpIqYmUuiuYsvGZcpA4mIs3NDxY7meHHyNHvPLuKZSN4N7Wucdbw/w400-h300/IMG_2303.JPG" width="400" /></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></span></b></div><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Grave<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <br /></span></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section
Four, Number 336</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> The Map</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7hS4UowbWlJfQOsyKFu3q5FzO5EriAG8S6PC7KsvraEp5MIp-N5_cG_IMEGod1Vw1-soZ8aAEd7Dzr1w2gam70cHugUszeZ45dK4h0pFLW9REHAQjpx0WOxqFK3KR39_6hvRn61N9_olb0iVaDscTzrZf1dydZy4cQt3M8OtjxwxwpsYfwVYgkyQlo5Q/s3310/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Kaftanzoglou.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3310" data-original-width="2872" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7hS4UowbWlJfQOsyKFu3q5FzO5EriAG8S6PC7KsvraEp5MIp-N5_cG_IMEGod1Vw1-soZ8aAEd7Dzr1w2gam70cHugUszeZ45dK4h0pFLW9REHAQjpx0WOxqFK3KR39_6hvRn61N9_olb0iVaDscTzrZf1dydZy4cQt3M8OtjxwxwpsYfwVYgkyQlo5Q/w556-h640/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Kaftanzoglou.JPG" width="556" /></a></span></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Footnotes</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(1</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) See: </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Monumentality and its Shadows: A Quest for Modern
Greek Architectural Discourse in Nineteenth-Century Athens (1834-1862) by Irene
Fatsea <span style="color: red;">(</span></span></i><a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf">https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf</a>)
p. 217<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(2)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Even before Othon’s arrival, Greek governor Ioannis
Capodistria had ordained a severe version of it because of its simplicity,
functionality and its radical departure from Ottoman architecture which he
regarded as a symbol of backwardness and tyranny. Wooden balconies, enclosed
wooden porches, and huge overhanging eaves were out; severe symmetrical,
facades were in. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(3) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This law was mean
to placate the inhabitants of ‘old Greece’ over the wealthier Greeks and
foreigners who had flooded the country after 1830. It was not always observed
to the letter but it did give Kaftanzoglou the entrée he needed.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(4) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The history and
inspiration of both the neoclassical and Greek revival movements started with
archaeology, first in Italy and then in Greece. The term <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Greek Revival</i> was first used by architecture professor </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Cockerell" title="Charles Robert Cockerell"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Charles Robert Cockerell</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (1788-1863)
in a lecture he gave at the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Royal Academy of Arts</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">London</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
in 1842. Greek revival buildings are basically imitations of ancient temples,
incorporating to one degree or another their symmetry and gravitas with the use
of ancient styled columns, porticos, low pitched gable roofs and entablatures (cornice,
frieze, and architrave). In Greece it was an architectural extension of the
neoclassical style. The Greek revival style was chosen for the University, the
National Library, and the Greek Academy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is a rotunda on its eastern façade, the university’s ceremonial
hall where I once had the pleasure of seeing the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apology of Socrates. </i>It would be hard to imagine a more evocative
setting unless it was the original.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVvCQ8TtJchLGrKj7YOL8BUB99QDZpXzfv60KA4FVTuJ26f2x_CUJnYPevYws43rvKvhomkXJC_6wxc7f1kdmBjYeuVDJ4yMfEuEhEiKPtx6VH6C-_3cVDjwXPZ23cMywBqs_vFBXV6nRSyud1kUQyHGyHQ8UD43kAjRIui8gJNU6pA5Rtz7XonQwXqHQ/s1136/averoff%20building.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="967" data-original-width="1136" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVvCQ8TtJchLGrKj7YOL8BUB99QDZpXzfv60KA4FVTuJ26f2x_CUJnYPevYws43rvKvhomkXJC_6wxc7f1kdmBjYeuVDJ4yMfEuEhEiKPtx6VH6C-_3cVDjwXPZ23cMywBqs_vFBXV6nRSyud1kUQyHGyHQ8UD43kAjRIui8gJNU6pA5Rtz7XonQwXqHQ/w200-h170/averoff%20building.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Some British did go a little crazy over Greek
revival. Belsay Hall, a private home near Newcastle<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is
based on the temple of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hephaestus. Even Cockerell knew it was not suitable for domestic dwellings:<br /></span></p><p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOqihoNVMfH8ZPb4AoscG1RBxE8snzAFCprAOzvTqke8KgbyyekG_ruAOmA5lWUYH_Wchnn--EM80YvJMb9L-in9vvZ7FTywmiC3r2AurqHIvUTPjmqb2WXHieU_YhxlTWKBk7ZsRfz8HY7swdvb9cY5Jqb9pj9Pg8OGHTEwmAs714H-cfmnPI81-29Ng/s275/Untitledbgfp.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOqihoNVMfH8ZPb4AoscG1RBxE8snzAFCprAOzvTqke8KgbyyekG_ruAOmA5lWUYH_Wchnn--EM80YvJMb9L-in9vvZ7FTywmiC3r2AurqHIvUTPjmqb2WXHieU_YhxlTWKBk7ZsRfz8HY7swdvb9cY5Jqb9pj9Pg8OGHTEwmAs714H-cfmnPI81-29Ng/s1600/Untitledbgfp.jpg" width="275" /></a></div><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix50500hiyPaxjvFb0-JgyUxCyS5wuWPC9vAj7g0K4Wbp85Rdl8G1CYWClR2JmpoSxUGE42FqATqRw4UuiZmKaXTMvwWRFnm7urLyH8zntnQ7yK0ECmiwVBWM2oJolBXraBesO-W7huniksUYQiwKl9YvkOWoFb-pdMp9kitbWYF5YbRVcBk43XNNIztA/s278/Untitledngf.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="181" data-original-width="278" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix50500hiyPaxjvFb0-JgyUxCyS5wuWPC9vAj7g0K4Wbp85Rdl8G1CYWClR2JmpoSxUGE42FqATqRw4UuiZmKaXTMvwWRFnm7urLyH8zntnQ7yK0ECmiwVBWM2oJolBXraBesO-W7huniksUYQiwKl9YvkOWoFb-pdMp9kitbWYF5YbRVcBk43XNNIztA/s1600/Untitledngf.jpg" width="278" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><p></p><p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(5)</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">Agia Irini func</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">tioned as
Athens’ Metropolitan church from the time of its inauguration until 1862.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It replaced a much loved earlier Agia Irini
that had been damaged during the war of Independence and which, in its ruined
and patched up state, had still managed to host the coronation of King Othon</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
his coming of age ceremony in 1835 and the funeral of Theodoros Kolokotronis in
1843. Agia Irini has a special place in the history of 19<sup>th</sup> century
Athens. It was declared a monument of special interest by the Ministry of
Culture in 1972. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sources:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.google.gr/books/edition/Greece/9kNHAgAAQBAJ?hl=el&gbpv=1&dq=Lysandros+Kaftanzoglou&pg"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https://www.google.gr/books/edition/Greece/9kNHAgAAQBAJ?hl=el&gbpv=1&dq=Lysandros+Kaftanzoglou&pg</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> From Greece, Modern
Architectures in History </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Monumentality
and its Shadows: A Quest for Modern Greek Architectural Discourse in
Nineteenth-Century Athens (1834-1862) by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Irene Fatsea<span style="color: red;">(</span></span></i><a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf">https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf</a>)</p>
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<![endif]-->
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: center 225.65pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros
Kaftanzoglou<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΛΥΣΑΝΔΡΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΚΑΥΤΑΝΖΟΓΛΟΥ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Born 1811<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Died 1885</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section
Four, Number 336</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In an era
of advancing nationalism, Kaftanzoglou set himself (with)in the effort to
promote a purist national identity for the country, based on ancient
prototypes.<span style="color: red;">(1)</span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros
Kaftanzoglou</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>came to Greece as a young
architect <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>just as Athens, under the
aegis of King Othon and his father King Ludwig 1 of Bavaria, was undergoing
rapid reconstruction and development in an all out effort to turn <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>itself into an enviable capital city and one
that would <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>embody, in stone and mortar, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the ideals and aspirations of the new nation.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">After a false start in 1839 followed by a lucky break in 1844, Kaftanzoglou
became an architectural star in an era of emerging architectural superstars. It
was not so much his work as his influence on the students he taught as
chancellor of the </span></b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Technical_University_of_Athens" title="National Technical University of Athens"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">National Technical University of Athens</span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> between 1844 and
1862. He was an avid proponent of a pure classical style in an era when the
issue of just ‘how classical’ neoclassical should be was hotly debated. Theories
about how to embody the soul of the nation were complicated, sometimes contradictory,
and often downright rancorous. </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Neoclassicism and the New State</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">That neoclassical architecture would be the default style for the new
city was never in dispute. The choice was not merely to follow established European
trends; it was intended to inculcate a sense of patriotic nationalism in the new
citizens by connecting the country’s modern architecture directly to Greece’s
glorious past. <span style="color: red;">(2)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">From the beginning, the architecture of Athens functioned within a
strict institutional framework:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1836 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all </i>construction was under the aegis of the
Ministry of the Interior whose Architectural Department would vet each and
every design. This goes a long way to explaining how Athenian avenues came to
be crowded with homogeneous neoclassical mansions and why so many of Athens monumental
public buildings would not have been out of place in the Athens of Pericles. Adopting
an architectural style that was considered at the time to be modern and liberal
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">as well as</i> one reflecting the
country’s past was a win-win option for Greece.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros was born
in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Thessaloniki</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> in 1811. His
father was Merkourios Kaftanzoglou and his mother a Frenchwoman, Francoise (Fani)
Tavernier. The family was not an insignificant one in Ottoman Thessaloniki.
Merkourios’ father Ioannis Kaftanzoglou was an elder, one of the Greeks in
charge of promoting the Greek community’s interests under Ottoman domination,
as well as ensuring their compliance. Thessaloniki was the Ottoman’s second
most important city and in the early 1800s was an important trading centre.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ottoman Thessaloniki</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Merkourios died in
1818. The family’s situation became precarious after the Greek revolution broke
out because Ioannis Kaftanzoglou had been a fervent supporter of the cause. To
avoid Ottoman reprisals, Francoise took her sons to live in Marseilles. Lysandros
went on to study architecture at the prestigious San Luca Academy in Rome where
he graduated with distinction. It was not at all certain that he would return
to Greece which had been declared a state in the London Protocol of 1830. His
own home town was not part of the new nation. Furthermore, he was receiving a
gratifying amount of praise and awards for his neoclassical designs in Europe before
finally coming to Athens in 1838. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He must have been
tempted by the frenzy of architectural activity that the declaration of Athens
as Greece’s capital in 1834 had engendered. Athens had suddenly become <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the</i> place for European architects,
archaeologists, and artists to visit, study, record, and, for some, to draw up plans
to make their own mark on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tabula rasa</i>
that was the emerging city. Stamatis Kleanthes, (a fellow Greek from north of
the new state’s borders) and his partner Eduard Schaubert had preceded him<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>by several years and had already
produced a city plan whose outlines can still be seen in the city centre. By the
time Kaftanzoglou arrived, Athens was awash with city planners, architects and
engineers, and a good many of them were foreigners who were monopolizing the
purse strings of king Othon and his father King Ludwig. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros did meet the king and, in 1839, in an exhibition held inside
the Thisseon at the foot of the Acropolis, he presented his own austere town
plan, meant to counter the romantic garden city north of the acropolis envisioned
by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kleanthes and Schaubert. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He proposed a modern grid system to the east and
north-east of the acropolis and a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">total</i>
separation between new development and what was left of the rabbit warren of
streets in the old city (today’s Plaka and Psyrri). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He did not manage to break into the magic circle of those favoured with
commissions and instead went on to greener pastures in Constantinople.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He might never have returned but, in 1844, local
anger in Greece at civil service jobs going to foreigners came to a head and a
constitutional change swept all foreigners out of the civil service.<span style="color: red;"> (3)</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This left
openings for Greek professionals like Kaftanzoglou. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apparently Othon <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">had</i> noticed him in 1839. The king invited him to become the first
Greek to head the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Royal School of Arts</i>
(today’s Polytechnic), a post that he would hold for the next eighteen years. He
was 33 years old.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Tenure
at the Polytechnical University</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Under his Aegis, the school grew and prospered. It is interesting that,
as a trained architect himself, he did not immediately institute a Department of
Architecture. His reasons were aesthetic. He believed that architecture was not
a separate discipline from the fine arts. In fact, Kaftanzoglou<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> encouraged</i> the subjugation of the
applied arts to the fine arts. Looking back, it seems an odd perspective given his
own education. When questioned, he would respond that Greece was not yet ready.
Some of his detractors (and there were quite a few) suggested that he just
wanted to keep architectural commissions for himself. The result was the delayed
emergence of home grown Greek architects but wonderful encouragement for the
painters and sculptors who attended the school.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His position as chancellor opened up many opportunities such as
membership in the influential Greek archaeological society, his participation
in the committee for a national Archaeological Museum and many other posts. His
aesthetic and practical views became ones to be reckoned with. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As a member of the Archaeological Society, Kaftanzoglou defended the
stripping of the acropolis of all medieval structures like the Frankish Tower
which at one point he called ‘Turkish’. There were some people at the time who did
not think everything after Pericles should be obliterated. He countered with
the argument that Greece had no obligation to preserve a ‘barbarous monument’. Only
what was the ‘classical’ reflected the true nature of the Greek people and that
this was the mirror that state should be holding up.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It was not
demolished until 1875. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Heinrich
Schliemann footed the bill.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As a classical purist, Kaftanzoglou was at odds
with Stamatis Kleanthes’ tendency to romantic touches and, towards the end of
his life, looked upon my hero, architect Ernst Ziller, with an equally
jaundiced eye. He believed that he had found the perfect model for Athens and
was offended by deviations. It must have rankled that the design of the
neoclassical triumphs of the Library, the University, and The Academy on
Panepistimiou Street, so emblematic of his aesthetic, had been designed by the
Hansen brothers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apparently he did have
a hand in altering some of the University during its erection, but still…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kaftanzoglou resigned his post at the Polytechnical school when his
mentor <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>King Otto was deposed in 1862.
But he continued working until his death in October 1885. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Work</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kaftanzoglou’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>two triumphs were
the Arsakeion and the Averoff Building in the Athens Polytechnical complex. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also built many neoclassical churches. They
still impress, but may not stop you in your tracks with the possible exception
of Agios Constantinos and Eleni near Plateia Omonia.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Arsakeion</span></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Panepistimiou Street, Number 47-9 (on the corner of Panepistimiou
and Pesmazoglou Streets)</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">Constructed between 1846 and 1852 </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
entrance today</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Apostolos Arsakis</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
(1789 – 1869), a wealthy Romanian Greek donated 600,000 drachmas for the
establishment of female education institutes in Athens. In gratitude, this
building was named after him. Experts claim that Kaftanzoglou’s design is the
most authentic example of ‘Hellenised’ neoclassicism still standing in the city.
It is an austere, harmonious building with an impressive marble entrance flanked
by two Doric columns. Its severe central core is mitigated by projecting wings
and its upper story is softened by a row of Ionic half columns. Kaftanzoglou
had stolen this commission out from under Stamatis Kleanthes who had first been
invited to submit a design. A very public and rancorous disagreement between
the two architects ensued. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kaftanzoglou won. When it came to the erection of public
buildings, Kaftanzoglou had the edge. Kleanthes went on to build more stylishly
eccentric buildings for private clients like the Duchess of Plaisance. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The ground floor of the Arsakeion was converted into shops in the
1930s but was returned to its original splendour by architect Alexandros
Kalligas. It now houses the Greek Council of State. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Averoff Building, now part of the
National Metsovian Technical University of Athens</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">on Patission Street</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" />
</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Constructed Between 1862 and 1876</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Scene of the famous November 17, 1973 uprising of students against
the military junta, the Athens Polytechnical University is better known for
this today than for its architecture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sadly
it is often covered in graffiti, something that would have horrified its
creator.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In her book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Neoclassical
Architecture in Greece</i>, Adami describes it as ‘a classical sculptural
composition strictly organized around its axis of symmetry.’ Two identical
ground floor structures flank the main entrance. This building is self-contained,
elegant in its simplicity, and monumental in the best sense of the word. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is no accident that its elevated central portico resembles the
Erectheion on the acropolis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kaftanzoglou
had had a hand in its excavation and it was certainly on his mind when he
designed this building. Its portico has pure white Ionic columns topped by the impeccable
order of the entablature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its loggias
and open spaces suit the attic climate just as did its prototype.<span style="color: red;"> (4)</span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The building was renovated in 2021 and houses the School of
Architecture.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kaftanzoglou’s Three Aisled Basilicas</span></b></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
churches are all neoclassical three aisled basilicas of varying levels of grandeur.
Each displays degrees of what experts term ancient Greek, Romanesque, and
Byzantine influences, a mix possibly depending to some degree upon their donors’
wishes. Certainly they all reflect nineteenth century bourgeois optimism. Built
for large congregations, they often took years to complete because of funding
problems. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All are in stark contrast to
those bijoux byzantine churches still standing in the city centre.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Church of Agios Andreas</b>
in Patras, built between 1836 and 1845.</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span class="lrzxr"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Agia Irini</span></b></span><span class="lrzxr"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> at number 36 Αιόλου Street,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Athens </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Commissioned in 1846 and built between 1847 and
1850</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tucked away among so many other buildings, it is hard to grasp the
sheer volume of this church. The view of the north façade below gives an idea
of its size and its ‘clear intersecting volumes’. <span style="color: red;">(5)</span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p>
<p><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Agios
Georgios Karytsis</span></b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in Plateia Karytsis just
behind the National History Museum on Stadiou Street. Built between 1846 and
1850, it is noted for its monumental marble entrance topped by a white belfry.</i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Catholic Cathedral of Saint
Dionysius,</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Panepistimiou & 9 Omirou, built between 1858 and
1865</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The cathedral was originally
designed by German architect Leo Von Klenze. Kaftanzoglou was invited in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1858</b> to modify the design. He did this
by proposing a scaled down version of the original design and less
ornamentation, especially on the west façade’s arcaded porch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Agios Constantinos and Eleni </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">near
Omonia Square<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(Number 48 on the street named after the church).</i></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Designed in 1869, and constructed from 1870-72 to 1893, it was not
inaugurated until 1905, long after Kaftanzoglou’s death.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1869, the City decided to build Agios Constantinos and Eleni to
commemorate the 1868 birth of Crown Prince Constantine, quite a civic gesture! Kaftanzoglou’s
own aesthetic vision is most fully realized here, particularly the façade with
its Corinthian columns and pediments. The church<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>covers an area of 1000 square meters and is 32
metres in height from floor to dome. It was damaged in the earthquakes of 1981
and 1999 and made fully safe again only in 2013.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As an interesting footnote, Agios Constantinos and Eleni now faces the much
more visited neoclassical gem that is The National Theatre of Greece, designed
and built by Ernst Ziller between 1895 and 1901. Luckily, Kaftanzoglou did not
live to see that.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ziller’s
theatre</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A Summing Up</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Was
Kaftanzoglou too rigid? Certainly his purist streak did not allow for
innovation or argument. Many of the elements of the Averoff building are the
same as those in Agia Irini twenty or so years earlier. Like Mr Collins in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pride and Prejudice</i>, he may have wondered
what possible benefit there could be in alteration.</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His 1839 plan proposed a total separation between
the old and new town suggests a certain lack of understanding of how the city
could work for those already living there. Eradicating two thousand years of Greek
attitudes which were <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">also </i>embedded in
the design of Athens over those centuries, is not quite as easy as tearing down
a Frankish tower on the Acropolis. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wonder if
there was ever any kind of backlash to all of this neoclassical ‘civilising’? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One visitor did note that although Athenian
houses had skin deep Neoclassical facades they had ‘indigenous backs’!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may have been meant as an insult but I
rather like the surprising behinds of many buildings that seem so severe and
uncompromisingly neoclassical - until you enter their balconied and less
rigidly structured courtyards or backyards.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kaftanzoglou’s
aesthetic seems to have worked well with public buildings but it has to be
noted that his wealthy admirers and supporters preferred to use more flamboyant
and eclectic architects like Kleanthes, Ziller, and later Anastasios Metaxas
when it came to building their own homes.</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Still, neoclassicism in one form or another reigned until well into the
twentieth century when it began to meet serious aesthetic opposition in an era
of new technologies, new materials, and new ideas about what Athens should
become. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Grave</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section
Four, Number 336</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Map</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Footnotes</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(1</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) See: </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Monumentality and its Shadows: A Quest for Modern
Greek Architectural Discourse in Nineteenth-Century Athens (1834-1862) by Irene
Fatsea <span style="color: red;">(</span></span></i><a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf">https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf</a>)
p. 217<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(2)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Even before Othon’s arrival, Greek governor Ioannis
Capodistria had ordained a severe version of it because of its simplicity,
functionality and its radical departure from Ottoman architecture which he
regarded as a symbol of backwardness and tyranny. Wooden balconies, enclosed
wooden porches, and huge overhanging eaves were out; severe symmetrical,
facades were in. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(3) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This law was mean
to placate the inhabitants of ‘old Greece’ over the wealthier Greeks and
foreigners who had flooded the country after 1830. It was not always observed
to the letter but it did give Kaftanzoglou the entrée he needed.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(4) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The history and
inspiration of both the neoclassical and Greek revival movements started with
archaeology, first in Italy and then in Greece. The term <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Greek Revival</i> was first used by architecture professor </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Cockerell" title="Charles Robert Cockerell"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Charles Robert Cockerell</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (1788-1863)
in a lecture he gave at the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Royal Academy of Arts</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">London</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
in 1842. Greek revival buildings are basically imitations of ancient temples,
incorporating to one degree or another their symmetry and gravitas with the use
of ancient styled columns, porticos, low pitched gable roofs and entablatures (cornice,
frieze, and architrave). In Greece it was an architectural extension of the
neoclassical style. The Greek revival style was chosen for the University, the
National Library, and the Greek Academy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is a rotunda on its eastern façade, the university’s ceremonial
hall where I once had the pleasure of seeing the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apology of Socrates. </i>It would be hard to imagine a more evocative
setting unless it was the original.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(5)</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">Agia Irini func</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">tioned as
Athens’ Metropolitan church from the time of its inauguration until 1862.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It replaced a much loved earlier Agia Irini
that had been damaged during the war of Independence and which, in its ruined
and patched up state, had still managed to host the coronation of King Othon</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
his coming of age ceremony in 1835 and the funeral of Theodoros Kolokotronis in
1843. Agia Irini has a special place in the history of 19<sup>th</sup> century
Athens. It was declared a monument of special interest by the Ministry of
Culture in 1972. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sources:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.google.gr/books/edition/Greece/9kNHAgAAQBAJ?hl=el&gbpv=1&dq=Lysandros+Kaftanzoglou&pg"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https://www.google.gr/books/edition/Greece/9kNHAgAAQBAJ?hl=el&gbpv=1&dq=Lysandros+Kaftanzoglou&pg</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> From Greece, Modern
Architectures in History </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Monumentality
and its Shadows: A Quest for Modern Greek Architectural Discourse in
Nineteenth-Century Athens (1834-1862) by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Irene Fatsea<span style="color: red;">(</span></span></i><a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf">https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf</a>)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">Neoclassical Architecture in Greece by <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Biris and Adami<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: center 225.65pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros
Kaftanzoglou<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΛΥΣΑΝΔΡΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΚΑΥΤΑΝΖΟΓΛΟΥ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Born 1811<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Died 1885</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section
Four, Number 336</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In an era
of advancing nationalism, Kaftanzoglou set himself (with)in the effort to
promote a purist national identity for the country, based on ancient
prototypes.<span style="color: red;">(1)</span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros
Kaftanzoglou</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>came to Greece as a young
architect <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>just as Athens, under the
aegis of King Othon and his father King Ludwig 1 of Bavaria, was undergoing
rapid reconstruction and development in an all out effort to turn <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>itself into an enviable capital city and one
that would <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>embody, in stone and mortar, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the ideals and aspirations of the new nation.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">After a false start in 1839 followed by a lucky break in 1844, Kaftanzoglou
became an architectural star in an era of emerging architectural superstars. It
was not so much his work as his influence on the students he taught as
chancellor of the </span></b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Technical_University_of_Athens" title="National Technical University of Athens"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">National Technical University of Athens</span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> between 1844 and
1862. He was an avid proponent of a pure classical style in an era when the
issue of just ‘how classical’ neoclassical should be was hotly debated. Theories
about how to embody the soul of the nation were complicated, sometimes contradictory,
and often downright rancorous. </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Neoclassicism and the New State</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">That neoclassical architecture would be the default style for the new
city was never in dispute. The choice was not merely to follow established European
trends; it was intended to inculcate a sense of patriotic nationalism in the new
citizens by connecting the country’s modern architecture directly to Greece’s
glorious past. <span style="color: red;">(2)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">From the beginning, the architecture of Athens functioned within a
strict institutional framework:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1836 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all </i>construction was under the aegis of the
Ministry of the Interior whose Architectural Department would vet each and
every design. This goes a long way to explaining how Athenian avenues came to
be crowded with homogeneous neoclassical mansions and why so many of Athens monumental
public buildings would not have been out of place in the Athens of Pericles. Adopting
an architectural style that was considered at the time to be modern and liberal
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">as well as</i> one reflecting the
country’s past was a win-win option for Greece.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros was born
in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Thessaloniki</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> in 1811. His
father was Merkourios Kaftanzoglou and his mother a Frenchwoman, Francoise (Fani)
Tavernier. The family was not an insignificant one in Ottoman Thessaloniki.
Merkourios’ father Ioannis Kaftanzoglou was an elder, one of the Greeks in
charge of promoting the Greek community’s interests under Ottoman domination,
as well as ensuring their compliance. Thessaloniki was the Ottoman’s second
most important city and in the early 1800s was an important trading centre.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ottoman Thessaloniki</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Merkourios died in
1818. The family’s situation became precarious after the Greek revolution broke
out because Ioannis Kaftanzoglou had been a fervent supporter of the cause. To
avoid Ottoman reprisals, Francoise took her sons to live in Marseilles. Lysandros
went on to study architecture at the prestigious San Luca Academy in Rome where
he graduated with distinction. It was not at all certain that he would return
to Greece which had been declared a state in the London Protocol of 1830. His
own home town was not part of the new nation. Furthermore, he was receiving a
gratifying amount of praise and awards for his neoclassical designs in Europe before
finally coming to Athens in 1838. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He must have been
tempted by the frenzy of architectural activity that the declaration of Athens
as Greece’s capital in 1834 had engendered. Athens had suddenly become <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the</i> place for European architects,
archaeologists, and artists to visit, study, record, and, for some, to draw up plans
to make their own mark on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tabula rasa</i>
that was the emerging city. Stamatis Kleanthes, (a fellow Greek from north of
the new state’s borders) and his partner Eduard Schaubert had preceded him<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>by several years and had already
produced a city plan whose outlines can still be seen in the city centre. By the
time Kaftanzoglou arrived, Athens was awash with city planners, architects and
engineers, and a good many of them were foreigners who were monopolizing the
purse strings of king Othon and his father King Ludwig. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros did meet the king and, in 1839, in an exhibition held inside
the Thisseon at the foot of the Acropolis, he presented his own austere town
plan, meant to counter the romantic garden city north of the acropolis envisioned
by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kleanthes and Schaubert. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He proposed a modern grid system to the east and
north-east of the acropolis and a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">total</i>
separation between new development and what was left of the rabbit warren of
streets in the old city (today’s Plaka and Psyrri). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He did not manage to break into the magic circle of those favoured with
commissions and instead went on to greener pastures in Constantinople.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He might never have returned but, in 1844, local
anger in Greece at civil service jobs going to foreigners came to a head and a
constitutional change swept all foreigners out of the civil service.<span style="color: red;"> (3)</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This left
openings for Greek professionals like Kaftanzoglou. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apparently Othon <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">had</i> noticed him in 1839. The king invited him to become the first
Greek to head the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Royal School of Arts</i>
(today’s Polytechnic), a post that he would hold for the next eighteen years. He
was 33 years old.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Tenure
at the Polytechnical University</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Under his Aegis, the school grew and prospered. It is interesting that,
as a trained architect himself, he did not immediately institute a Department of
Architecture. His reasons were aesthetic. He believed that architecture was not
a separate discipline from the fine arts. In fact, Kaftanzoglou<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> encouraged</i> the subjugation of the
applied arts to the fine arts. Looking back, it seems an odd perspective given his
own education. When questioned, he would respond that Greece was not yet ready.
Some of his detractors (and there were quite a few) suggested that he just
wanted to keep architectural commissions for himself. The result was the delayed
emergence of home grown Greek architects but wonderful encouragement for the
painters and sculptors who attended the school.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His position as chancellor opened up many opportunities such as
membership in the influential Greek archaeological society, his participation
in the committee for a national Archaeological Museum and many other posts. His
aesthetic and practical views became ones to be reckoned with. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As a member of the Archaeological Society, Kaftanzoglou defended the
stripping of the acropolis of all medieval structures like the Frankish Tower
which at one point he called ‘Turkish’. There were some people at the time who did
not think everything after Pericles should be obliterated. He countered with
the argument that Greece had no obligation to preserve a ‘barbarous monument’. Only
what was the ‘classical’ reflected the true nature of the Greek people and that
this was the mirror that state should be holding up.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It was not
demolished until 1875. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Heinrich
Schliemann footed the bill.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As a classical purist, Kaftanzoglou was at odds
with Stamatis Kleanthes’ tendency to romantic touches and, towards the end of
his life, looked upon my hero, architect Ernst Ziller, with an equally
jaundiced eye. He believed that he had found the perfect model for Athens and
was offended by deviations. It must have rankled that the design of the
neoclassical triumphs of the Library, the University, and The Academy on
Panepistimiou Street, so emblematic of his aesthetic, had been designed by the
Hansen brothers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apparently he did have
a hand in altering some of the University during its erection, but still…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kaftanzoglou resigned his post at the Polytechnical school when his
mentor <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>King Otto was deposed in 1862.
But he continued working until his death in October 1885. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Work</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kaftanzoglou’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>two triumphs were
the Arsakeion and the Averoff Building in the Athens Polytechnical complex. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also built many neoclassical churches. They
still impress, but may not stop you in your tracks with the possible exception
of Agios Constantinos and Eleni near Plateia Omonia.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Arsakeion</span></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Panepistimiou Street, Number 47-9 (on the corner of Panepistimiou
and Pesmazoglou Streets)</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">Constructed between 1846 and 1852 </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
entrance today</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Apostolos Arsakis</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
(1789 – 1869), a wealthy Romanian Greek donated 600,000 drachmas for the
establishment of female education institutes in Athens. In gratitude, this
building was named after him. Experts claim that Kaftanzoglou’s design is the
most authentic example of ‘Hellenised’ neoclassicism still standing in the city.
It is an austere, harmonious building with an impressive marble entrance flanked
by two Doric columns. Its severe central core is mitigated by projecting wings
and its upper story is softened by a row of Ionic half columns. Kaftanzoglou
had stolen this commission out from under Stamatis Kleanthes who had first been
invited to submit a design. A very public and rancorous disagreement between
the two architects ensued. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kaftanzoglou won. When it came to the erection of public
buildings, Kaftanzoglou had the edge. Kleanthes went on to build more stylishly
eccentric buildings for private clients like the Duchess of Plaisance. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The ground floor of the Arsakeion was converted into shops in the
1930s but was returned to its original splendour by architect Alexandros
Kalligas. It now houses the Greek Council of State. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Averoff Building, now part of the
National Metsovian Technical University of Athens</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">on Patission Street</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" />
</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Constructed Between 1862 and 1876</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Scene of the famous November 17, 1973 uprising of students against
the military junta, the Athens Polytechnical University is better known for
this today than for its architecture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sadly
it is often covered in graffiti, something that would have horrified its
creator.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In her book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Neoclassical
Architecture in Greece</i>, Adami describes it as ‘a classical sculptural
composition strictly organized around its axis of symmetry.’ Two identical
ground floor structures flank the main entrance. This building is self-contained,
elegant in its simplicity, and monumental in the best sense of the word. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is no accident that its elevated central portico resembles the
Erectheion on the acropolis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kaftanzoglou
had had a hand in its excavation and it was certainly on his mind when he
designed this building. Its portico has pure white Ionic columns topped by the impeccable
order of the entablature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its loggias
and open spaces suit the attic climate just as did its prototype.<span style="color: red;"> (4)</span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The building was renovated in 2021 and houses the School of
Architecture.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kaftanzoglou’s Three Aisled Basilicas</span></b></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
churches are all neoclassical three aisled basilicas of varying levels of grandeur.
Each displays degrees of what experts term ancient Greek, Romanesque, and
Byzantine influences, a mix possibly depending to some degree upon their donors’
wishes. Certainly they all reflect nineteenth century bourgeois optimism. Built
for large congregations, they often took years to complete because of funding
problems. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All are in stark contrast to
those bijoux byzantine churches still standing in the city centre.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Church of Agios Andreas</b>
in Patras, built between 1836 and 1845.</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span class="lrzxr"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Agia Irini</span></b></span><span class="lrzxr"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> at number 36 Αιόλου Street,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Athens </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Commissioned in 1846 and built between 1847 and
1850</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tucked away among so many other buildings, it is hard to grasp the
sheer volume of this church. The view of the north façade below gives an idea
of its size and its ‘clear intersecting volumes’. <span style="color: red;">(5)</span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p>
<p><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Agios
Georgios Karytsis</span></b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in Plateia Karytsis just
behind the National History Museum on Stadiou Street. Built between 1846 and
1850, it is noted for its monumental marble entrance topped by a white belfry.</i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Catholic Cathedral of Saint
Dionysius,</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Panepistimiou & 9 Omirou, built between 1858 and
1865</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The cathedral was originally
designed by German architect Leo Von Klenze. Kaftanzoglou was invited in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1858</b> to modify the design. He did this
by proposing a scaled down version of the original design and less
ornamentation, especially on the west façade’s arcaded porch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Agios Constantinos and Eleni </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">near
Omonia Square<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(Number 48 on the street named after the church).</i></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Designed in 1869, and constructed from 1870-72 to 1893, it was not
inaugurated until 1905, long after Kaftanzoglou’s death.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1869, the City decided to build Agios Constantinos and Eleni to
commemorate the 1868 birth of Crown Prince Constantine, quite a civic gesture! Kaftanzoglou’s
own aesthetic vision is most fully realized here, particularly the façade with
its Corinthian columns and pediments. The church<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>covers an area of 1000 square meters and is 32
metres in height from floor to dome. It was damaged in the earthquakes of 1981
and 1999 and made fully safe again only in 2013.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As an interesting footnote, Agios Constantinos and Eleni now faces the much
more visited neoclassical gem that is The National Theatre of Greece, designed
and built by Ernst Ziller between 1895 and 1901. Luckily, Kaftanzoglou did not
live to see that.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ziller’s
theatre</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A Summing Up</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Was
Kaftanzoglou too rigid? Certainly his purist streak did not allow for
innovation or argument. Many of the elements of the Averoff building are the
same as those in Agia Irini twenty or so years earlier. Like Mr Collins in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pride and Prejudice</i>, he may have wondered
what possible benefit there could be in alteration.</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His 1839 plan proposed a total separation between
the old and new town suggests a certain lack of understanding of how the city
could work for those already living there. Eradicating two thousand years of Greek
attitudes which were <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">also </i>embedded in
the design of Athens over those centuries, is not quite as easy as tearing down
a Frankish tower on the Acropolis. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wonder if
there was ever any kind of backlash to all of this neoclassical ‘civilising’? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One visitor did note that although Athenian
houses had skin deep Neoclassical facades they had ‘indigenous backs’!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may have been meant as an insult but I
rather like the surprising behinds of many buildings that seem so severe and
uncompromisingly neoclassical - until you enter their balconied and less
rigidly structured courtyards or backyards.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kaftanzoglou’s
aesthetic seems to have worked well with public buildings but it has to be
noted that his wealthy admirers and supporters preferred to use more flamboyant
and eclectic architects like Kleanthes, Ziller, and later Anastasios Metaxas
when it came to building their own homes.</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Still, neoclassicism in one form or another reigned until well into the
twentieth century when it began to meet serious aesthetic opposition in an era
of new technologies, new materials, and new ideas about what Athens should
become. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Grave</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section
Four, Number 336</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Map</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Footnotes</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(1</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) See: </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Monumentality and its Shadows: A Quest for Modern
Greek Architectural Discourse in Nineteenth-Century Athens (1834-1862) by Irene
Fatsea <span style="color: red;">(</span></span></i><a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf">https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf</a>)
p. 217<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(2)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Even before Othon’s arrival, Greek governor Ioannis
Capodistria had ordained a severe version of it because of its simplicity,
functionality and its radical departure from Ottoman architecture which he
regarded as a symbol of backwardness and tyranny. Wooden balconies, enclosed
wooden porches, and huge overhanging eaves were out; severe symmetrical,
facades were in. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(3) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This law was mean
to placate the inhabitants of ‘old Greece’ over the wealthier Greeks and
foreigners who had flooded the country after 1830. It was not always observed
to the letter but it did give Kaftanzoglou the entrée he needed.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(4) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The history and
inspiration of both the neoclassical and Greek revival movements started with
archaeology, first in Italy and then in Greece. The term <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Greek Revival</i> was first used by architecture professor </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Cockerell" title="Charles Robert Cockerell"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Charles Robert Cockerell</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (1788-1863)
in a lecture he gave at the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Royal Academy of Arts</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">London</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
in 1842. Greek revival buildings are basically imitations of ancient temples,
incorporating to one degree or another their symmetry and gravitas with the use
of ancient styled columns, porticos, low pitched gable roofs and entablatures (cornice,
frieze, and architrave). In Greece it was an architectural extension of the
neoclassical style. The Greek revival style was chosen for the University, the
National Library, and the Greek Academy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is a rotunda on its eastern façade, the university’s ceremonial
hall where I once had the pleasure of seeing the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apology of Socrates. </i>It would be hard to imagine a more evocative
setting unless it was the original.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(5)</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">Agia Irini func</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">tioned as
Athens’ Metropolitan church from the time of its inauguration until 1862.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It replaced a much loved earlier Agia Irini
that had been damaged during the war of Independence and which, in its ruined
and patched up state, had still managed to host the coronation of King Othon</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
his coming of age ceremony in 1835 and the funeral of Theodoros Kolokotronis in
1843. Agia Irini has a special place in the history of 19<sup>th</sup> century
Athens. It was declared a monument of special interest by the Ministry of
Culture in 1972. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sources:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.google.gr/books/edition/Greece/9kNHAgAAQBAJ?hl=el&gbpv=1&dq=Lysandros+Kaftanzoglou&pg"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https://www.google.gr/books/edition/Greece/9kNHAgAAQBAJ?hl=el&gbpv=1&dq=Lysandros+Kaftanzoglou&pg</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> From Greece, Modern
Architectures in History </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Monumentality
and its Shadows: A Quest for Modern Greek Architectural Discourse in
Nineteenth-Century Athens (1834-1862) by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Irene Fatsea<span style="color: red;">(</span></span></i><a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf">https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf</a>)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">Neoclassical Architecture in Greece by <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Biris and Adami<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></span></p>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: center 225.65pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros
Kaftanzoglou<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΛΥΣΑΝΔΡΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΚΑΥΤΑΝΖΟΓΛΟΥ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Born 1811<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Died 1885</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section
Four, Number 336</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In an era
of advancing nationalism, Kaftanzoglou set himself (with)in the effort to
promote a purist national identity for the country, based on ancient
prototypes.<span style="color: red;">(1)</span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros
Kaftanzoglou</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>came to Greece as a young
architect <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>just as Athens, under the
aegis of King Othon and his father King Ludwig 1 of Bavaria, was undergoing
rapid reconstruction and development in an all out effort to turn <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>itself into an enviable capital city and one
that would <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>embody, in stone and mortar, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the ideals and aspirations of the new nation.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">After a false start in 1839 followed by a lucky break in 1844, Kaftanzoglou
became an architectural star in an era of emerging architectural superstars. It
was not so much his work as his influence on the students he taught as
chancellor of the </span></b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Technical_University_of_Athens" title="National Technical University of Athens"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">National Technical University of Athens</span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> between 1844 and
1862. He was an avid proponent of a pure classical style in an era when the
issue of just ‘how classical’ neoclassical should be was hotly debated. Theories
about how to embody the soul of the nation were complicated, sometimes contradictory,
and often downright rancorous. </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Neoclassicism and the New State</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">That neoclassical architecture would be the default style for the new
city was never in dispute. The choice was not merely to follow established European
trends; it was intended to inculcate a sense of patriotic nationalism in the new
citizens by connecting the country’s modern architecture directly to Greece’s
glorious past. <span style="color: red;">(2)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">From the beginning, the architecture of Athens functioned within a
strict institutional framework:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1836 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all </i>construction was under the aegis of the
Ministry of the Interior whose Architectural Department would vet each and
every design. This goes a long way to explaining how Athenian avenues came to
be crowded with homogeneous neoclassical mansions and why so many of Athens monumental
public buildings would not have been out of place in the Athens of Pericles. Adopting
an architectural style that was considered at the time to be modern and liberal
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">as well as</i> one reflecting the
country’s past was a win-win option for Greece.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros was born
in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Thessaloniki</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> in 1811. His
father was Merkourios Kaftanzoglou and his mother a Frenchwoman, Francoise (Fani)
Tavernier. The family was not an insignificant one in Ottoman Thessaloniki.
Merkourios’ father Ioannis Kaftanzoglou was an elder, one of the Greeks in
charge of promoting the Greek community’s interests under Ottoman domination,
as well as ensuring their compliance. Thessaloniki was the Ottoman’s second
most important city and in the early 1800s was an important trading centre.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ottoman Thessaloniki</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Merkourios died in
1818. The family’s situation became precarious after the Greek revolution broke
out because Ioannis Kaftanzoglou had been a fervent supporter of the cause. To
avoid Ottoman reprisals, Francoise took her sons to live in Marseilles. Lysandros
went on to study architecture at the prestigious San Luca Academy in Rome where
he graduated with distinction. It was not at all certain that he would return
to Greece which had been declared a state in the London Protocol of 1830. His
own home town was not part of the new nation. Furthermore, he was receiving a
gratifying amount of praise and awards for his neoclassical designs in Europe before
finally coming to Athens in 1838. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: -14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He must have been
tempted by the frenzy of architectural activity that the declaration of Athens
as Greece’s capital in 1834 had engendered. Athens had suddenly become <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the</i> place for European architects,
archaeologists, and artists to visit, study, record, and, for some, to draw up plans
to make their own mark on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tabula rasa</i>
that was the emerging city. Stamatis Kleanthes, (a fellow Greek from north of
the new state’s borders) and his partner Eduard Schaubert had preceded him<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>by several years and had already
produced a city plan whose outlines can still be seen in the city centre. By the
time Kaftanzoglou arrived, Athens was awash with city planners, architects and
engineers, and a good many of them were foreigners who were monopolizing the
purse strings of king Othon and his father King Ludwig. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lysandros did meet the king and, in 1839, in an exhibition held inside
the Thisseon at the foot of the Acropolis, he presented his own austere town
plan, meant to counter the romantic garden city north of the acropolis envisioned
by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kleanthes and Schaubert. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He proposed a modern grid system to the east and
north-east of the acropolis and a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">total</i>
separation between new development and what was left of the rabbit warren of
streets in the old city (today’s Plaka and Psyrri). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He did not manage to break into the magic circle of those favoured with
commissions and instead went on to greener pastures in Constantinople.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He might never have returned but, in 1844, local
anger in Greece at civil service jobs going to foreigners came to a head and a
constitutional change swept all foreigners out of the civil service.<span style="color: red;"> (3)</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This left
openings for Greek professionals like Kaftanzoglou. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apparently Othon <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">had</i> noticed him in 1839. The king invited him to become the first
Greek to head the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Royal School of Arts</i>
(today’s Polytechnic), a post that he would hold for the next eighteen years. He
was 33 years old.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Tenure
at the Polytechnical University</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Under his Aegis, the school grew and prospered. It is interesting that,
as a trained architect himself, he did not immediately institute a Department of
Architecture. His reasons were aesthetic. He believed that architecture was not
a separate discipline from the fine arts. In fact, Kaftanzoglou<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> encouraged</i> the subjugation of the
applied arts to the fine arts. Looking back, it seems an odd perspective given his
own education. When questioned, he would respond that Greece was not yet ready.
Some of his detractors (and there were quite a few) suggested that he just
wanted to keep architectural commissions for himself. The result was the delayed
emergence of home grown Greek architects but wonderful encouragement for the
painters and sculptors who attended the school.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His position as chancellor opened up many opportunities such as
membership in the influential Greek archaeological society, his participation
in the committee for a national Archaeological Museum and many other posts. His
aesthetic and practical views became ones to be reckoned with. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As a member of the Archaeological Society, Kaftanzoglou defended the
stripping of the acropolis of all medieval structures like the Frankish Tower
which at one point he called ‘Turkish’. There were some people at the time who did
not think everything after Pericles should be obliterated. He countered with
the argument that Greece had no obligation to preserve a ‘barbarous monument’. Only
what was the ‘classical’ reflected the true nature of the Greek people and that
this was the mirror that state should be holding up.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It was not
demolished until 1875. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Heinrich
Schliemann footed the bill.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As a classical purist, Kaftanzoglou was at odds
with Stamatis Kleanthes’ tendency to romantic touches and, towards the end of
his life, looked upon my hero, architect Ernst Ziller, with an equally
jaundiced eye. He believed that he had found the perfect model for Athens and
was offended by deviations. It must have rankled that the design of the
neoclassical triumphs of the Library, the University, and The Academy on
Panepistimiou Street, so emblematic of his aesthetic, had been designed by the
Hansen brothers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apparently he did have
a hand in altering some of the University during its erection, but still…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kaftanzoglou resigned his post at the Polytechnical school when his
mentor <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>King Otto was deposed in 1862.
But he continued working until his death in October 1885. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Work</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kaftanzoglou’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>two triumphs were
the Arsakeion and the Averoff Building in the Athens Polytechnical complex. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also built many neoclassical churches. They
still impress, but may not stop you in your tracks with the possible exception
of Agios Constantinos and Eleni near Plateia Omonia.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Arsakeion</span></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Panepistimiou Street, Number 47-9 (on the corner of Panepistimiou
and Pesmazoglou Streets)</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">Constructed between 1846 and 1852 </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
entrance today</span></i></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Apostolos Arsakis</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
(1789 – 1869), a wealthy Romanian Greek donated 600,000 drachmas for the
establishment of female education institutes in Athens. In gratitude, this
building was named after him. Experts claim that Kaftanzoglou’s design is the
most authentic example of ‘Hellenised’ neoclassicism still standing in the city.
It is an austere, harmonious building with an impressive marble entrance flanked
by two Doric columns. Its severe central core is mitigated by projecting wings
and its upper story is softened by a row of Ionic half columns. Kaftanzoglou
had stolen this commission out from under Stamatis Kleanthes who had first been
invited to submit a design. A very public and rancorous disagreement between
the two architects ensued. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kaftanzoglou won. When it came to the erection of public
buildings, Kaftanzoglou had the edge. Kleanthes went on to build more stylishly
eccentric buildings for private clients like the Duchess of Plaisance. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The ground floor of the Arsakeion was converted into shops in the
1930s but was returned to its original splendour by architect Alexandros
Kalligas. It now houses the Greek Council of State. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Averoff Building, now part of the
National Metsovian Technical University of Athens</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">on Patission Street</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" />
</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Constructed Between 1862 and 1876</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Scene of the famous November 17, 1973 uprising of students against
the military junta, the Athens Polytechnical University is better known for
this today than for its architecture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sadly
it is often covered in graffiti, something that would have horrified its
creator.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In her book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Neoclassical
Architecture in Greece</i>, Adami describes it as ‘a classical sculptural
composition strictly organized around its axis of symmetry.’ Two identical
ground floor structures flank the main entrance. This building is self-contained,
elegant in its simplicity, and monumental in the best sense of the word. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is no accident that its elevated central portico resembles the
Erectheion on the acropolis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kaftanzoglou
had had a hand in its excavation and it was certainly on his mind when he
designed this building. Its portico has pure white Ionic columns topped by the impeccable
order of the entablature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its loggias
and open spaces suit the attic climate just as did its prototype.<span style="color: red;"> (4)</span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The building was renovated in 2021 and houses the School of
Architecture.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kaftanzoglou’s Three Aisled Basilicas</span></b></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
churches are all neoclassical three aisled basilicas of varying levels of grandeur.
Each displays degrees of what experts term ancient Greek, Romanesque, and
Byzantine influences, a mix possibly depending to some degree upon their donors’
wishes. Certainly they all reflect nineteenth century bourgeois optimism. Built
for large congregations, they often took years to complete because of funding
problems. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All are in stark contrast to
those bijoux byzantine churches still standing in the city centre.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Church of Agios Andreas</b>
in Patras, built between 1836 and 1845.</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 54.0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span class="lrzxr"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Agia Irini</span></b></span><span class="lrzxr"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> at number 36 Αιόλου Street,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Athens </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Commissioned in 1846 and built between 1847 and
1850</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tucked away among so many other buildings, it is hard to grasp the
sheer volume of this church. The view of the north façade below gives an idea
of its size and its ‘clear intersecting volumes’. <span style="color: red;">(5)</span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p>
<p><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Agios
Georgios Karytsis</span></b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in Plateia Karytsis just
behind the National History Museum on Stadiou Street. Built between 1846 and
1850, it is noted for its monumental marble entrance topped by a white belfry.</i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Catholic Cathedral of Saint
Dionysius,</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Panepistimiou & 9 Omirou, built between 1858 and
1865</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The cathedral was originally
designed by German architect Leo Von Klenze. Kaftanzoglou was invited in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1858</b> to modify the design. He did this
by proposing a scaled down version of the original design and less
ornamentation, especially on the west façade’s arcaded porch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Agios Constantinos and Eleni </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">near
Omonia Square<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(Number 48 on the street named after the church).</i></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Designed in 1869, and constructed from 1870-72 to 1893, it was not
inaugurated until 1905, long after Kaftanzoglou’s death.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1869, the City decided to build Agios Constantinos and Eleni to
commemorate the 1868 birth of Crown Prince Constantine, quite a civic gesture! Kaftanzoglou’s
own aesthetic vision is most fully realized here, particularly the façade with
its Corinthian columns and pediments. The church<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>covers an area of 1000 square meters and is 32
metres in height from floor to dome. It was damaged in the earthquakes of 1981
and 1999 and made fully safe again only in 2013.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As an interesting footnote, Agios Constantinos and Eleni now faces the much
more visited neoclassical gem that is The National Theatre of Greece, designed
and built by Ernst Ziller between 1895 and 1901. Luckily, Kaftanzoglou did not
live to see that.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ziller’s
theatre</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A Summing Up</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Was
Kaftanzoglou too rigid? Certainly his purist streak did not allow for
innovation or argument. Many of the elements of the Averoff building are the
same as those in Agia Irini twenty or so years earlier. Like Mr Collins in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pride and Prejudice</i>, he may have wondered
what possible benefit there could be in alteration.</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His 1839 plan proposed a total separation between
the old and new town suggests a certain lack of understanding of how the city
could work for those already living there. Eradicating two thousand years of Greek
attitudes which were <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">also </i>embedded in
the design of Athens over those centuries, is not quite as easy as tearing down
a Frankish tower on the Acropolis. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wonder if
there was ever any kind of backlash to all of this neoclassical ‘civilising’? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One visitor did note that although Athenian
houses had skin deep Neoclassical facades they had ‘indigenous backs’!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may have been meant as an insult but I
rather like the surprising behinds of many buildings that seem so severe and
uncompromisingly neoclassical - until you enter their balconied and less
rigidly structured courtyards or backyards.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 371.2pt;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kaftanzoglou’s
aesthetic seems to have worked well with public buildings but it has to be
noted that his wealthy admirers and supporters preferred to use more flamboyant
and eclectic architects like Kleanthes, Ziller, and later Anastasios Metaxas
when it came to building their own homes.</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Still, neoclassicism in one form or another reigned until well into the
twentieth century when it began to meet serious aesthetic opposition in an era
of new technologies, new materials, and new ideas about what Athens should
become. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Grave</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section
Four, Number 336</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Map</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Footnotes</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(1</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) See: </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Monumentality and its Shadows: A Quest for Modern
Greek Architectural Discourse in Nineteenth-Century Athens (1834-1862) by Irene
Fatsea <span style="color: red;">(</span></span></i><a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf">https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf</a>)
p. 217<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(2)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Even before Othon’s arrival, Greek governor Ioannis
Capodistria had ordained a severe version of it because of its simplicity,
functionality and its radical departure from Ottoman architecture which he
regarded as a symbol of backwardness and tyranny. Wooden balconies, enclosed
wooden porches, and huge overhanging eaves were out; severe symmetrical,
facades were in. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(3) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This law was mean
to placate the inhabitants of ‘old Greece’ over the wealthier Greeks and
foreigners who had flooded the country after 1830. It was not always observed
to the letter but it did give Kaftanzoglou the entrée he needed.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(4) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The history and
inspiration of both the neoclassical and Greek revival movements started with
archaeology, first in Italy and then in Greece. The term <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Greek Revival</i> was first used by architecture professor </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Cockerell" title="Charles Robert Cockerell"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Charles Robert Cockerell</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (1788-1863)
in a lecture he gave at the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Royal Academy of Arts</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">London</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
in 1842. Greek revival buildings are basically imitations of ancient temples,
incorporating to one degree or another their symmetry and gravitas with the use
of ancient styled columns, porticos, low pitched gable roofs and entablatures (cornice,
frieze, and architrave). In Greece it was an architectural extension of the
neoclassical style. The Greek revival style was chosen for the University, the
National Library, and the Greek Academy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is a rotunda on its eastern façade, the university’s ceremonial
hall where I once had the pleasure of seeing the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apology of Socrates. </i>It would be hard to imagine a more evocative
setting unless it was the original.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(5)</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">Agia Irini func</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">tioned as
Athens’ Metropolitan church from the time of its inauguration until 1862.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It replaced a much loved earlier Agia Irini
that had been damaged during the war of Independence and which, in its ruined
and patched up state, had still managed to host the coronation of King Othon</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
his coming of age ceremony in 1835 and the funeral of Theodoros Kolokotronis in
1843. Agia Irini has a special place in the history of 19<sup>th</sup> century
Athens. It was declared a monument of special interest by the Ministry of
Culture in 1972. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sources:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.google.gr/books/edition/Greece/9kNHAgAAQBAJ?hl=el&gbpv=1&dq=Lysandros+Kaftanzoglou&pg"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https://www.google.gr/books/edition/Greece/9kNHAgAAQBAJ?hl=el&gbpv=1&dq=Lysandros+Kaftanzoglou&pg</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> From Greece, Modern
Architectures in History </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Monumentality
and its Shadows: A Quest for Modern Greek Architectural Discourse in
Nineteenth-Century Athens (1834-1862) by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Irene Fatsea<span style="color: red;">(</span></span></i><a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf">https://core.ac.uk/download/4430654.pdf</a>)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">Neoclassical Architecture in Greece by <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Biris and Adami<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-75349735388922907502023-05-29T10:38:00.014-07:002023-09-20T07:13:51.156-07:00Yannis Tsarouchis<p> </p><p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Yannis Tsarouchis <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Γιάννης
Τσαρούχης</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Born January 1910 in Piraeus<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died July 1989 in Athens</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqRqhBbuoN1KQS_VqtWFpJGHMOIUnyZt9Cz7gNI1Ec0qAKK_XBRkn3Jcvi7R39NDLO_i9x_KVywi3huqZmg1OMeSrhf9yOLgOFFHxX2wwY1IjbXLnR8vN3WGdEGtBVCszemzrC5zjAoG-FLc7T3zl9SehOe3P_73j-U1fUCKxLNbm5YbmOhjTToNLT/s4608/%CE%A4%CE%A3%CE%91%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A7%CE%97%CE%A3%2012%20445.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3456" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqRqhBbuoN1KQS_VqtWFpJGHMOIUnyZt9Cz7gNI1Ec0qAKK_XBRkn3Jcvi7R39NDLO_i9x_KVywi3huqZmg1OMeSrhf9yOLgOFFHxX2wwY1IjbXLnR8vN3WGdEGtBVCszemzrC5zjAoG-FLc7T3zl9SehOe3P_73j-U1fUCKxLNbm5YbmOhjTToNLT/w480-h640/%CE%A4%CE%A3%CE%91%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A7%CE%97%CE%A3%2012%20445.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Section
12, Number 445</span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><p></p>
<br />
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">...</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">this painter dared to look for Hermes not on
mount <i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Olympus</span></i>
but in the '<i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Olympus
Coffee</span></i>-House' </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(1)</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rather than merely recording an era, Yannis <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tsarouchis created art in which depictions of
ordinary people and landscapes were transformed, becoming part of a larger
mythological construct, illuminating what he himself called the ‘complex
ingredients that compose ‘Greekness’. He was such a great artist that I was a
little disappointed to find his grave tucked way back in Section Twelve of the
First Cemetery rather than in the Plaza at the entrance reserved for
‘distinguished Greeks’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No matter; his
work speaks for itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tsarouchis was
articulate and self aware, never afraid to express and defend his own aesthetic
and how it fitted into the broader history of art, especially the history of
art in Greece.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">He was the consummate alchemist, melding the
Renaissance, impressionism, post-impressionism, Hellenic sculpture, Byzantine
art, Greek folk art and more into the body of his work in a way that is both contemporary
and timeless. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">He was fortunate in his early mentors and experiences.
Many of his contemporaries had those same opportunities and yet, there is only
one Tsarouchis. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqmJvbH7GaHqWmjpe3TzNkSSk4E1aa7wk509HHzgRKMPRpN1LxPkmPa_zQodc5Jwdhx2ek3yXIirdIHQlEvKllaXOsuaOWZr9Vgk0Btd2Zhc3c0do4LS79JHx35VYG3Jzil4uTFap-wkgz5lcXYCLZpV2NBV1UVCtLDFsmdjVlZPY6mI8PYjA40RYt/s283/imageso%20dTsarouchis.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="178" data-original-width="283" height="403" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqmJvbH7GaHqWmjpe3TzNkSSk4E1aa7wk509HHzgRKMPRpN1LxPkmPa_zQodc5Jwdhx2ek3yXIirdIHQlEvKllaXOsuaOWZr9Vgk0Btd2Zhc3c0do4LS79JHx35VYG3Jzil4uTFap-wkgz5lcXYCLZpV2NBV1UVCtLDFsmdjVlZPY6mI8PYjA40RYt/w640-h403/imageso%20dTsarouchis.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His Life</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Yannis Tsarouchis was born in downtown
Piraeus at the corner of Louka Rallis street and King George Avenue at a time
when the city’s streets were still lined with neoclassical houses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His formative years (until the age of 17)
were spent there. He was the second son of merchant Athanasios Tsarouchis and
Maria Monarchides. His maternal aunt was wealthy Despina Metaxa whose husband
was the brandy baron. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So, no silver
spoon in his mouth but he did come from a comfortable environment where
ambitions could be realized. By all accounts, he was a happy child whose
earliest dream was to become an acrobat for the sheer fun of it. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His early artistic efforts reveal a
young man eager to experiment in all the new genres, an eclecticism he would always
defend on the grounds that ideological consistency should not dominate a
painter’s development. His first public showings consisted of a set design and
watercolours at Nikos Velmos’ <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Art Asylum</b>
in 1928 and 1929 when he was still a teenager. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nikos Velmos was a self taught artist, actor,
writer, anarchist and cultural iconoclast. He had opened the ground floor of
his home at 21 Nikodimou Street in the Plaka to give young, often unknown, artists
a chance to show their work and, at the same time, to snub his nose at the
entrenched Athenian establishment with his periodical <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fragkelio.</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the
perfect environment for budding artists to gather, share ideas, and foment new
ones. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tsarouchis’ contributions to the
Art Asylum were well received.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_sLyLi3IvxVs1BcR6oKoxNX_11MhUc-3F3tN6sppONsLa-2-UTTG9mgO7n-c3KkDGiSgXH3KCkhS7FTKG2Unu0t1J8jt7l9ti2mBPM4kWI6qvzlpo0VECXAQtKcHLn4me9fzx6yNxVdSmKCmRpG6VvYvSQQvRexy3lVtERhNfvRlDH7rBVLV1_4Ye/s500/1402525910.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="375" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_sLyLi3IvxVs1BcR6oKoxNX_11MhUc-3F3tN6sppONsLa-2-UTTG9mgO7n-c3KkDGiSgXH3KCkhS7FTKG2Unu0t1J8jt7l9ti2mBPM4kWI6qvzlpo0VECXAQtKcHLn4me9fzx6yNxVdSmKCmRpG6VvYvSQQvRexy3lVtERhNfvRlDH7rBVLV1_4Ye/w300-h400/1402525910.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Velmos home is still there - a
little bit of an older Athens, facing the Electra Palace Hotel. </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1928 he enrolled in the Athens
School of Fine Arts where he would study until 1935. He was extremely lucky in
his mentors there who included sculptor <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2020/12/thomas-thomopoulos-sculptor.html">Thomas Thomopoulo</a>s (1873-1937) and the modernist
painter Constantinos Parthenis (1878-1967).</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd5AMUtpwBudBmPVoCWN_lTKnvcTfH6TmtIJSXP2qSRfUO_qAig_PtPRDg7iaJ37ATRVhqKlNYzWWqYGtS7f7EpMTtHqX581zF0g4pBNqPrSX_rJ00XkkwPe0fIfP1LCrD5YQjfLHKJFy3pv5CTqRC77xczlAnqYfxbDgaL_zNeBoh8S8rss6DIUsq/s250/Parthenis.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="202" data-original-width="250" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd5AMUtpwBudBmPVoCWN_lTKnvcTfH6TmtIJSXP2qSRfUO_qAig_PtPRDg7iaJ37ATRVhqKlNYzWWqYGtS7f7EpMTtHqX581zF0g4pBNqPrSX_rJ00XkkwPe0fIfP1LCrD5YQjfLHKJFy3pv5CTqRC77xczlAnqYfxbDgaL_zNeBoh8S8rss6DIUsq/w400-h323/Parthenis.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Parthenis posing with his portrait of
Julia Parthenis </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It was a busy time. Between 1930 and
1934 he worked at Parthenis’ studio and as an assistant to icon painter Photis
Kondoglou (1896-1965), experiences that would have a tremendous influence on
his own work.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
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<![endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><em><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Κόντογλοu</span></em></i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> )</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">introduced him to the
simplicity, form, and spirituality of Byzantine Hagiography.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The skewed perspective, two dimensionality,
high seriousness, the sense of timelessness and even the ‘weightlessness’ of
Byzantine icons were all elements that can be observed again and again in Tsarouchis’
work even if his subjects are secular.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL4VLUEoX_Gv2oHaehgaitpkQWI35m8IRfk_piTBhGbDowLpuawC-Xw8zAI9s-z3u0mQb_sleJpEAbjJJ0GDKl7Z1SvWQfFaaGXoCvmG9pSy9qm6jQYnmZARjVJxKk4KV1I5WLZ4mUm4PjGLSgg_kC_Is6BLNZfm5tOeDogZnWM4Qnkp2Z05-xARy9/s1000/1980%20Sailor%20sitting%20at%20a%20table.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="723" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL4VLUEoX_Gv2oHaehgaitpkQWI35m8IRfk_piTBhGbDowLpuawC-Xw8zAI9s-z3u0mQb_sleJpEAbjJJ0GDKl7Z1SvWQfFaaGXoCvmG9pSy9qm6jQYnmZARjVJxKk4KV1I5WLZ4mUm4PjGLSgg_kC_Is6BLNZfm5tOeDogZnWM4Qnkp2Z05-xARy9/w462-h640/1980%20Sailor%20sitting%20at%20a%20table.webp" width="462" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /> </i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1980:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sailor seated at a Table with a Coffee Cup</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the early thirties Tsarouchis met <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2018/12/angeliki-hatzimichalis.html">Angeliki
Hadjimichali</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2018/12/angeliki-hatzimichalis.html"> </a> </span>who taught him about folk
costume and Eva Sikelianou who taught him weaving. These women were important
in the new artistic movements in Greece after the Asia Minor catastrophe. Eva
was married to poet <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2019/05/angelos-sikelianos.html">Angelos Sikelianos </a>and Angeliki’s home in the Plaka had
become a focal point for the intellectuals of that era. These connections were a
learning experience and a portal into the closely knit cultural world of Athens
in the 1930s. It was during this period that many of the elements which would
characterize his life’s work were already coming together.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyUZQwDNtjdBTIoz2HsHXGtSZ1Y9329oZUJw6QSZbWDNpl2ITezQNoPXwS9d1OUnzxN6N0lNkmMMHw5y74aiJyjxS31ivkLkr0Ly1TYHPu98clkEIVyPWOItuniKGbHt7O1jeOD2kAsGzXDfMU-eADeWJRlzJNkZOQ_REmcAgDdjNiZVu7cH2w0qnl/s400/Angeliki.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="267" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyUZQwDNtjdBTIoz2HsHXGtSZ1Y9329oZUJw6QSZbWDNpl2ITezQNoPXwS9d1OUnzxN6N0lNkmMMHw5y74aiJyjxS31ivkLkr0Ly1TYHPu98clkEIVyPWOItuniKGbHt7O1jeOD2kAsGzXDfMU-eADeWJRlzJNkZOQ_REmcAgDdjNiZVu7cH2w0qnl/w268-h400/Angeliki.JPG" width="268" /></a></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <br /></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwV_WBRTdxLjjLqbvd5XAwGqzO2XrJnutJnAXh4vsaPlkdDTJUZa1IDiZjrdbmT124B-f5lc_Wzn-0Hy9q_9n-e61tMOIC8ka7owM-gQmF_K48TmAxNRQcX6HskVn13T_GXZtgA8GbZJvFo38gLZ9Mf94vkrdr4_6Hffkp7QzPBjMt-WvoOHLYuGJX/s453/Eva_Palmer-Sikelianos.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="453" data-original-width="330" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwV_WBRTdxLjjLqbvd5XAwGqzO2XrJnutJnAXh4vsaPlkdDTJUZa1IDiZjrdbmT124B-f5lc_Wzn-0Hy9q_9n-e61tMOIC8ka7owM-gQmF_K48TmAxNRQcX6HskVn13T_GXZtgA8GbZJvFo38gLZ9Mf94vkrdr4_6Hffkp7QzPBjMt-WvoOHLYuGJX/w291-h400/Eva_Palmer-Sikelianos.jpg" width="291" /></a></div><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Angeliki
in folk costume on the left and Eva, being Eva, on the right</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1934 he began working on stage
design with director and innovator Karolos Koun (1908-87) who became a lifelong
friend. Creating stage sets and costumes for theatrical productions in Greece
and abroad would become a hallmark of his long career and may have made him better
known to the Greek public than his paintings.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1935-6 saw him in Paris studying Renoir
and the Impressionists. There, he met sculptor Alberto Giacometti, etcher Max
Ernst, the Greek painter Theophilos and the very influential Teriade, art
critic, patron of the arts, and publisher.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguyiMTNjeCA_NfOTyLMaE6ixSJSfU-lHCEf5v56tuoWLzyoVKN9CTSWwTnjoZl3LEzPZtu_J0AtssQjns2skUJX6oVDtnQb74zMglguR9pUHpmQrAQtijm_kKhqhjAVCx_kdkDyo37jhCDuHYYcmH37JoQcBhRf-jExR9aW6pKO-ba5Ljz0Jf2nC9h/s1181/Teriade.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1071" data-original-width="1181" height="363" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguyiMTNjeCA_NfOTyLMaE6ixSJSfU-lHCEf5v56tuoWLzyoVKN9CTSWwTnjoZl3LEzPZtu_J0AtssQjns2skUJX6oVDtnQb74zMglguR9pUHpmQrAQtijm_kKhqhjAVCx_kdkDyo37jhCDuHYYcmH37JoQcBhRf-jExR9aW6pKO-ba5Ljz0Jf2nC9h/w400-h363/Teriade.jpg" width="400" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /> </i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Teriade (aka Stratis Elevtheridis from
Mytilini)</span></i><p></p>
<br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Before returning to Greece in 1936, Tsarouchis
visited Pompeii <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>– <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>another influence to be absorbed.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In a short <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>piece like this one, so much has to be left
out. Tsarouchis was a prolific artist, juggling many genres, subjects, and
mediums to perfection. What follows is a small taste, presented in
chronological order, along with his story. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His Work </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Thinker</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
in 1936 is a reference to Rodin’s work of the same name. Instead of
representing a majestic figure in Dante’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Divine
Comedy</i>, Tsarouchis presents an ordinary young Greek man about town in a
striped suit, lost in thought, a cigarette dangling from his right hand and his
shoe resting casually on the bottom rung of his chair. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I love the way that Tsarouchis had to alter
Rodin’s parallel treatment of the legs so that his young man could accommodate his
legs to those notoriously uncomfortable coffee shop chairs! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(2)</span></b> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjomMmf-wE_tsrhTKj5iVP2DpOm9T8YPJsBqVU0hCAduO1_MUs5BJwq9coYxDGQ3oVBXDp4jHI8qGN7fDAWkrGg6jDMx8z119-mSJ2roYcubWc7_8Zo2QPgWHZaL_iPU5wyMDauecEyx5u44OzuIQdcmt76Aga1Jbs1t2C94FY4fieeyENfhOsppCsj/s768/the%20thinker%201936.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="485" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjomMmf-wE_tsrhTKj5iVP2DpOm9T8YPJsBqVU0hCAduO1_MUs5BJwq9coYxDGQ3oVBXDp4jHI8qGN7fDAWkrGg6jDMx8z119-mSJ2roYcubWc7_8Zo2QPgWHZaL_iPU5wyMDauecEyx5u44OzuIQdcmt76Aga1Jbs1t2C94FY4fieeyENfhOsppCsj/w405-h640/the%20thinker%201936.jpg" width="405" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1936:
The Thinker</span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKhQBoJhGn-CCfe5REnDkq41Vk2swqbcOoeSxJdTYj-nBjZYuwLMWUJV_i2Mi-aiRNhncItrgVY6-EYidPV3TJloDqS7tehnj1f5SXNIKkxzNqFFsubXaY4WhJjaY79AlvTs_cdY45D62-y76U3Lk7JyvINFI_-HiVv8Az3We54L4vNSBT6J2uqqEO/s277/Italian%20Nude%20sitting%20in%20profile%201937.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="277" data-original-width="182" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKhQBoJhGn-CCfe5REnDkq41Vk2swqbcOoeSxJdTYj-nBjZYuwLMWUJV_i2Mi-aiRNhncItrgVY6-EYidPV3TJloDqS7tehnj1f5SXNIKkxzNqFFsubXaY4WhJjaY79AlvTs_cdY45D62-y76U3Lk7JyvINFI_-HiVv8Az3We54L4vNSBT6J2uqqEO/w421-h640/Italian%20Nude%20sitting%20in%20profile%201937.jpg" width="421" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1937
Italian Nude Sitting in Profile</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1938 saw his first solo exhibition in
Greece on Nikis Street and his work presented at a Pan Hellenic exhibition at
the Zappeion. During that same year, he designed the set for <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2020/05/marika-kotopouli_57.html">MarikaKotopouli’</a>s production of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stella
Violandis. </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">He was still only 28.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 1940 and the War</span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tsarouchis fought on the Albanian
front where his painting talent was put to work camouflaging a bridge! </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoXm-bTpiBdMjfuYm73PxZL1mPMcTqQXV1wwTB08dvmbUSvxu9Mxd57vu2ttcS_o6vYLnla5u8ezY6ZuQIG1CHhxN4zYxLJccogvZbdtmRSgsiu0VGkgyJtgeE3GDsv90sVYkvuQSQjothPRkfdZQIwVppgJn-pZ9F9jZAhVrmywE0fQ5sYC2LhyxU/s251/on%20Albanian%20front.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="251" data-original-width="201" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoXm-bTpiBdMjfuYm73PxZL1mPMcTqQXV1wwTB08dvmbUSvxu9Mxd57vu2ttcS_o6vYLnla5u8ezY6ZuQIG1CHhxN4zYxLJccogvZbdtmRSgsiu0VGkgyJtgeE3GDsv90sVYkvuQSQjothPRkfdZQIwVppgJn-pZ9F9jZAhVrmywE0fQ5sYC2LhyxU/w512-h640/on%20Albanian%20front.jpg" width="512" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">On the Albanian Front</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">He experienced at first hand the
terrible waste of youth that war entails. It would influence many of his later
paintings which would depict young men, often with wings, in mourning,
melancholy, or fatalistic poses. There is always a sense of sacrifice in these
paintings.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">During the German occupation, he made
ends meet as best he could by creating stage designs and restoration projects.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tsarouchis rarely painted current
events, preferring the suggestiveness of the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>symbolic and the mythic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But one of his paintings is an exception of
sorts. It depicts a situation in 1944 when Greek communists were being rounded
up by the Nationalists and Security battalions. It is done in his own
inimitable style.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="s1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgimkRfRRQIfMzogUqvf4_r2cDV6h4U4jwngZG5N04L6THpzsjJ2La3BPB0vgR6HJqVgSEEWqM8q9pgShyt1Is54HNkN74WuxP35ueWM_KkcurY_vgftP8X3nX95lOwVKFEoYR1hi727NY4TPep2Zz5FWhvUPHxvbANMBqNO8KLJ5-fspT_sRoECcnd/s640/tumblr_9df34720c6b0f62febd5a55b4091ac38_e0b335b2_640.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="640" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgimkRfRRQIfMzogUqvf4_r2cDV6h4U4jwngZG5N04L6THpzsjJ2La3BPB0vgR6HJqVgSEEWqM8q9pgShyt1Is54HNkN74WuxP35ueWM_KkcurY_vgftP8X3nX95lOwVKFEoYR1hi727NY4TPep2Zz5FWhvUPHxvbANMBqNO8KLJ5-fspT_sRoECcnd/w640-h428/tumblr_9df34720c6b0f62febd5a55b4091ac38_e0b335b2_640.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="s1"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 1944: The Arrest of Three Communists, First
Days of the 1944 Uprising<i></i></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After the war, he was back to work painting
and creating sets for the National Theatre.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFzXOTxJ5RZom2d0TnyqlslzZNki9XIlV0rTf7N9NN-bi1uSPADgk15oSsWj7DUz-f5QlS3A2yBpfWQRpedzFmt8SfriUeo0_-02wZkFNiq-R9IlcLi0SmgDdU_TR0YLQe79WIfHdMsYZi9X8R-wwMjP3g1a6nCAlJUKDbNSJbxMVB5sIxLVOzqNmt/s640/IMG_6665.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="398" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFzXOTxJ5RZom2d0TnyqlslzZNki9XIlV0rTf7N9NN-bi1uSPADgk15oSsWj7DUz-f5QlS3A2yBpfWQRpedzFmt8SfriUeo0_-02wZkFNiq-R9IlcLi0SmgDdU_TR0YLQe79WIfHdMsYZi9X8R-wwMjP3g1a6nCAlJUKDbNSJbxMVB5sIxLVOzqNmt/w398-h640/IMG_6665.JPG" width="398" /></a></div><br /> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1948:
The apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos </span></i></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The above was shadow theatre artist
Evgenios Spatharis who had dressed in the part, holding the Greek flag, after a
performance. Tsarouchis was a great fan of the shadow theatre. (This angel has
a hair ribbon, de rigueur in the Orthodox iconic program for angels.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGc4yv_mCuF9sWpli4u_0ecMFvBAXW5yUWslL_w9otfPAm_hrRDUzSnNbwCBW0fT4tsNCau4DMIMEVW6W415eVeI5Wb99ZpfKDO1oVtEqsDp0OzAYwAsnC5HVCzExZoqlJLZyQNsed0zwweHBb47uWN0Q8C1jwqwgogl94I6tX4UN4cJI2kU8B1Nfu/s1307/seated%20sailor%20and%20reclining%20nude%201948.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1237" data-original-width="1307" height="606" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGc4yv_mCuF9sWpli4u_0ecMFvBAXW5yUWslL_w9otfPAm_hrRDUzSnNbwCBW0fT4tsNCau4DMIMEVW6W415eVeI5Wb99ZpfKDO1oVtEqsDp0OzAYwAsnC5HVCzExZoqlJLZyQNsed0zwweHBb47uWN0Q8C1jwqwgogl94I6tX4UN4cJI2kU8B1Nfu/w640-h606/seated%20sailor%20and%20reclining%20nude%201948.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1948:</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seated
Sailor and Reclining Nude</i></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKbOIvbQ5Er3aZEfl7cHvZ8aybAaJpfmDScx3R0G0V2j0OArxdZBVLXmVdlwky7YIFV-tMxXW-7jsbNyXJcCnsDNGxrb4BNAZkhv4R0ylsiNhPofmatMY20pOAxsbrLfb1YPox9x63UasdOYRBaZFA0e5hQJTuWgOAOMjv3HE2sLPF6IkLdc1KkfKM/s480/portrait%20of%20miss%20n%20a%20with%20two%20roses%201994.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="391" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKbOIvbQ5Er3aZEfl7cHvZ8aybAaJpfmDScx3R0G0V2j0OArxdZBVLXmVdlwky7YIFV-tMxXW-7jsbNyXJcCnsDNGxrb4BNAZkhv4R0ylsiNhPofmatMY20pOAxsbrLfb1YPox9x63UasdOYRBaZFA0e5hQJTuWgOAOMjv3HE2sLPF6IkLdc1KkfKM/w522-h640/portrait%20of%20miss%20n%20a%20with%20two%20roses%201994.jpg" width="522" /></a></div><br /> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1949:
Portrait of Miss N.A. With Two Roses</span></i></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1949 he became a founding member of
the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Armos Group</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(3) </span></b>of artists which held its first
exhibition at the Zappeion where he showed eight works painted between 1938 to
1948. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1951 saw paintings dating from 1936-39
and 1948-50 exhibited at the Galleri d’Art du Faubourg in Paris, followed by a
1953 group show of Armos at the Zappeion. The Iolas Gallery in New York
featured his paintings during this period. It was a connection that would make
him financially independent. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Neon (still there in Omonia square),
the Parthenon and the Mavrokephalos coffee shops were featured in many of his
paintings, venues habituated <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by working
class youths, and sailors who held such a special fascination for Tsarouchis.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMJ2XkdCNyahac9XhPTBSc2Jwg6h_SbkKWSrnxGn2BwNIJZFeLjJVuMCfi6bG8UfjUXhJxlpsBGQ2ZC0gje21mZf-1zD92FDIQ6vcjQGT4XY02C9OzQXNx5z6_5lNxFkJJ9uiGTUHBPsjSlCyLJNRec4tvAxznjuYFeFIM9bMfK_7DM2D9hBGd5nHY/s500/5e79fa693c69a7f67d9564703b0b449c--oil-on-canvas-neon.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="352" data-original-width="500" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMJ2XkdCNyahac9XhPTBSc2Jwg6h_SbkKWSrnxGn2BwNIJZFeLjJVuMCfi6bG8UfjUXhJxlpsBGQ2ZC0gje21mZf-1zD92FDIQ6vcjQGT4XY02C9OzQXNx5z6_5lNxFkJJ9uiGTUHBPsjSlCyLJNRec4tvAxznjuYFeFIM9bMfK_7DM2D9hBGd5nHY/w640-h450/5e79fa693c69a7f67d9564703b0b449c--oil-on-canvas-neon.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1953-7:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Two are
on display at the National Gallery in Athens</i></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1958 he presented work at the Venice
Biennali along with sculptor Antonis Socho and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>painter Yiannis Moralis. The same year saw his
paintings at the Guggenheim in New York and at the National Museum of Modern
Art In Paris. That year he somehow found time to create the sets and costumes for
Alexis Miniotis’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Medea</i> starring Maria
Callas.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>It would be fair to say that,
by 1958, Tsarouchis had truly ‘arrived’.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6p1JaUxKk9TPrRAzjBqhf6qqGw4bX8fQvkQZHaDwYOxncyZxoML05rV-lDpDHacysph6TOUbdLdCaS4nFniyaMP_TeQHuPaWQJNkZwRQTTwN7ec4TZIHj-AmXkyXPpvTepzw79VE7nr-Jg6YYUS9bVuNar7ixkIWtw7ph2BI9iXLzYKNqV33_JhUO/s696/Kallas-Tsarouxis-Minotis-696x413.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="696" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6p1JaUxKk9TPrRAzjBqhf6qqGw4bX8fQvkQZHaDwYOxncyZxoML05rV-lDpDHacysph6TOUbdLdCaS4nFniyaMP_TeQHuPaWQJNkZwRQTTwN7ec4TZIHj-AmXkyXPpvTepzw79VE7nr-Jg6YYUS9bVuNar7ixkIWtw7ph2BI9iXLzYKNqV33_JhUO/w400-h238/Kallas-Tsarouxis-Minotis-696x413.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1959 Tsarouchis designed the set and
costumes for Aristophanes’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Birds</i>
directed by Karolos Koun. It was intended for the Herodes Atticus Theatre. The scheduled
production was cancelled by presidential decree. Dressing the ancient priests as
Orthodox priests had ruffled certain feathers in Athens. It was, however, a resounding
success abroad. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjURpeJ4kYhs4CCtX6hZmkDrjPHShI3J4YZ5gvUeyxCynNEZ__ImDcqyMNokzGnV8mUhN-fu7rXTZHJ7svUf4xHJp81gqv2EUe5Rr1ZYV-CU7iRXSOStgxWURTtX2cHYm1kZsIrDi-8VP3dk8JP7GpYofM603ganOhhJ7yacZlMsLB_8QVplb8LbHWw/s450/1959_%20birds.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="450" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjURpeJ4kYhs4CCtX6hZmkDrjPHShI3J4YZ5gvUeyxCynNEZ__ImDcqyMNokzGnV8mUhN-fu7rXTZHJ7svUf4xHJp81gqv2EUe5Rr1ZYV-CU7iRXSOStgxWURTtX2cHYm1kZsIrDi-8VP3dk8JP7GpYofM603ganOhhJ7yacZlMsLB_8QVplb8LbHWw/w640-h448/1959_%20birds.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
Birds</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This was not Tsarouchis’ first run in with
the authorities. His homoerotic themes made authorities uncomfortable. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1952 his painting of a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sailor on a Bed with a Naked Man</i> was taken down from an exhibition
in Athens at the insistence of the Royal Hellenic Navy which considered it an insult
to their institution. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(4)</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tsarouchis
complied at the time because he feared that, if he did not, the police would
come and destroy the entire exhibition. Such was the temper of the times. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tsarouchis was gay, as were so many of
the great Greek artists of the era. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Being
gay in the art world in Greece was pretty generally accepted (except during
bouts of authoritarian leadership) when more puritanical views prevailed in the
broader society.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Times have changed. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOXuelsbimHGSZ8MkyozS92XftfHEqDORGnhy74hGqJKv0SBOwhhHyd2R8AOkcvkfvC_2jV_x8rBA3awPYDKxYuR1Nk5i9TfDwe428kP8Mal6XPcYOqjmzJFj9iCtiatfeyxkWigmMRzWoGlmfq2QP0hKhHjrMj8udNTpjSgokVRlCykcXtC2vUUYJ/s277/index.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="182" data-original-width="277" height="421" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOXuelsbimHGSZ8MkyozS92XftfHEqDORGnhy74hGqJKv0SBOwhhHyd2R8AOkcvkfvC_2jV_x8rBA3awPYDKxYuR1Nk5i9TfDwe428kP8Mal6XPcYOqjmzJFj9iCtiatfeyxkWigmMRzWoGlmfq2QP0hKhHjrMj8udNTpjSgokVRlCykcXtC2vUUYJ/w640-h421/index.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1964: ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lovely White Flowers’</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inspired
by the Cavafy Poem</i></span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #c00000;">(5)</span></b></span></p><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtfvn0iMz4lbbSpFHvuAI_cb0BGYtgOFBku0c_C-zSQuodiPuJeomCLHm69oaMSl4lUzEPbq903d-oZPLyGxsmV4yCn4qwhz8dNIvWx8zBDjTO-SWe3Y7HcVZky_tmkEnMokvUhMlYA72eLH3afwzfk8GHkFONGJnRairLmSCfH0hzitIfXCCy_H4D/s600/Flowers%20%201964-7.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="537" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtfvn0iMz4lbbSpFHvuAI_cb0BGYtgOFBku0c_C-zSQuodiPuJeomCLHm69oaMSl4lUzEPbq903d-oZPLyGxsmV4yCn4qwhz8dNIvWx8zBDjTO-SWe3Y7HcVZky_tmkEnMokvUhMlYA72eLH3afwzfk8GHkFONGJnRairLmSCfH0hzitIfXCCy_H4D/w572-h640/Flowers%20%201964-7.jpeg" width="572" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1964-7:
Flowers</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Everyone has his or her favourite
Tsarouchis. I am especially fond of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Offering
of Two Winged Men.</i> The scene is ancient and modern at the same time, and tantalizingly
suggestive <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>– <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pure Tsarouchis in every way from the
butterfly wings to the stances, the facial expressions, and the nature of the ambiguous
offering itself: </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZW5JRqkJNTnIiDU7on1FGNh05MAny2HvCMAV5rvPA_s7q1O3qW9lLqpaKX-0NzBcyLDQSCg0Es4t_TTCpktgXQlLuVR1UjF3t27NhV59FdVGsvCpTy23bp9F28lMXFtbeXi0NyB3wz0XDAKVGeOh21gyjiz63TGV_ncS1AzrCydPpdYV6xx-8zhCy/s800/1965.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="535" data-original-width="800" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZW5JRqkJNTnIiDU7on1FGNh05MAny2HvCMAV5rvPA_s7q1O3qW9lLqpaKX-0NzBcyLDQSCg0Es4t_TTCpktgXQlLuVR1UjF3t27NhV59FdVGsvCpTy23bp9F28lMXFtbeXi0NyB3wz0XDAKVGeOh21gyjiz63TGV_ncS1AzrCydPpdYV6xx-8zhCy/w640-h428/1965.webp" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1965:
The Offering of Two Winged Men</span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5ocxFFWBwuYN4WAMxcfBChnPEVB5P_2yejgdvQVD3kT3HAjn4Lmz_91pKFOo0G97X3L6k0ZVklHx3bDiMupEqtabrsrJGI2crsy7ox9rXgmNOLfSFb7QwKPq6QoVR9pTtWx57OF730x1p5sLg0fU5hVbtIGs780sN1HugA04DxaDEUxPSJYBxV3js/s268/spirit%20mourning%201966.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="268" data-original-width="188" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5ocxFFWBwuYN4WAMxcfBChnPEVB5P_2yejgdvQVD3kT3HAjn4Lmz_91pKFOo0G97X3L6k0ZVklHx3bDiMupEqtabrsrJGI2crsy7ox9rXgmNOLfSFb7QwKPq6QoVR9pTtWx57OF730x1p5sLg0fU5hVbtIGs780sN1HugA04DxaDEUxPSJYBxV3js/w449-h640/spirit%20mourning%201966.jpg" width="449" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1966:
Spirit Mourning </span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When the military dictatorship took
over in 1967, Tsarouchis moved to Paris and continued to live there until 1975,
painting and designing sets for La Scala and Covent Garden. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUW2TBM1A84T8W3oT2FyZUh2ulqX8dPA8kL8WK6CZMnXW9I4E73JyGJuU-FpWCXZVIZENtZZM4Sh-h-1dD-qkgzN8LQUz0XZtLShZyDJNB6BOMBV7WDmsJ-M9qqFhxomgsmbu69Gmh_ivt144xoGnVMJXsv1eBRP5S57nmeu5M3SnC6B6ZqudTCCj_/s636/684173d45e585129dc446225697768.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="337" data-original-width="636" height="341" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUW2TBM1A84T8W3oT2FyZUh2ulqX8dPA8kL8WK6CZMnXW9I4E73JyGJuU-FpWCXZVIZENtZZM4Sh-h-1dD-qkgzN8LQUz0XZtLShZyDJNB6BOMBV7WDmsJ-M9qqFhxomgsmbu69Gmh_ivt144xoGnVMJXsv1eBRP5S57nmeu5M3SnC6B6ZqudTCCj_/w640-h341/684173d45e585129dc446225697768.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1969:
The Four Seasons</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">While in France, he established an art
academy for French and Greek students, giving them the opportunity to paint
with live models, perhaps in memory of his own start at the Art Asylum.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN14g-0mgSnhklN-ePwb_YaSBnoIaDPOR-vTtxnrUUaBxvPN7ioFNzpQSWR56YiR4_YsgufC9evP_L25s1xl1tHrVOXvmUpXptRokGVLrMkHESGTaMT081mINRkGm-VdKUq1V-C4elL5tBLZBJ41k56fhodwzQ-4uq3eg1V8HRQDTkmfkIwz6BykFL/s640/delphic%20landscape%20for%20Eur%20Ion%201975.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="416" data-original-width="640" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN14g-0mgSnhklN-ePwb_YaSBnoIaDPOR-vTtxnrUUaBxvPN7ioFNzpQSWR56YiR4_YsgufC9evP_L25s1xl1tHrVOXvmUpXptRokGVLrMkHESGTaMT081mINRkGm-VdKUq1V-C4elL5tBLZBJ41k56fhodwzQ-4uq3eg1V8HRQDTkmfkIwz6BykFL/w640-h416/delphic%20landscape%20for%20Eur%20Ion%201975.jpg" width="640" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /> </i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1975:
Set Design: a Delphic landscape for Euripedes’ ‘Ion’</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After 1975, he divided his time between
France and Greece until 1983 when he moved to Greece permanently.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqSsMMysx-3GeCzDALO8nll06fkaA7OUKYz3FmbUN6ICbHu6mCWcLkrDu7BJ1NDhDxbvOT4bT1Rv_M9rT21MZHf5Ao9mHrgY-0qMVZsjHgCItZzcy7TU_VMpgZDajdAs4ZJFTPchvOXBUJ5iiS_JNOa035QLlVamS_kKWVmqXfF8CkCtioB8BRekuZ/s500/portrat%20of%20a%20younf%20woman%20with%20coral%20necklace%20and%20fur%201980.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="383" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqSsMMysx-3GeCzDALO8nll06fkaA7OUKYz3FmbUN6ICbHu6mCWcLkrDu7BJ1NDhDxbvOT4bT1Rv_M9rT21MZHf5Ao9mHrgY-0qMVZsjHgCItZzcy7TU_VMpgZDajdAs4ZJFTPchvOXBUJ5iiS_JNOa035QLlVamS_kKWVmqXfF8CkCtioB8BRekuZ/w490-h640/portrat%20of%20a%20younf%20woman%20with%20coral%20necklace%20and%20fur%201980.jpg" width="490" /></a></i></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1980:
Portrait of a Young Woman with a Coral Necklace</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1981 he had already established his
own Tsarouchis Foundation at his home in Maroussi, to show his work and to encourage
the study of the body of his work.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpSWLb3bvxQU5NPuG7qNsUMiVwkMbJIzELHJh1IIp6ujOvGVjkClX0LRc8-vgsp6HqexBVK-sLiXcFeoYraxDDnWMkf1FL1jQOAwTlEkaUWJB8vMqQ2onByrIaxk9rKajgn7yayuVoI2DpcCMKAj1SVJ8V7LjiOZ3SSa0mBv6rhm_Su5pZ1PEqi9CC/s646/tsaroyxis-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="439" data-original-width="646" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpSWLb3bvxQU5NPuG7qNsUMiVwkMbJIzELHJh1IIp6ujOvGVjkClX0LRc8-vgsp6HqexBVK-sLiXcFeoYraxDDnWMkf1FL1jQOAwTlEkaUWJB8vMqQ2onByrIaxk9rKajgn7yayuVoI2DpcCMKAj1SVJ8V7LjiOZ3SSa0mBv6rhm_Su5pZ1PEqi9CC/w640-h434/tsaroyxis-2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq05aRdSjemJIqu00hPU0w6jpkPbvjjY0nBLR_yRkqNUt6rWm8k5DF3ijGCqeESjTgczzi44Gia1p9uoJKAUr6x1DyGizS6-EPJlbXR4pKTpilDy_KA5gfD2YIb4oFMwV-keeSyp3lFQBIz7k8C2oLe4Hn2TBNZySbLpQsHupm-Ja3rDhb0oBpy3QI/s960/Scan-1-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq05aRdSjemJIqu00hPU0w6jpkPbvjjY0nBLR_yRkqNUt6rWm8k5DF3ijGCqeESjTgczzi44Gia1p9uoJKAUr6x1DyGizS6-EPJlbXR4pKTpilDy_KA5gfD2YIb4oFMwV-keeSyp3lFQBIz7k8C2oLe4Hn2TBNZySbLpQsHupm-Ja3rDhb0oBpy3QI/w640-h400/Scan-1-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <i> </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The museum is at 28 Ploutarchou Street in
Maroussi</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. Telephone </span></i><a href="https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=the+builiding+of+the+Tsarouchis+Foundation"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">21 0806 2636</span></i></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His Death</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1989, while preparing the sets and
costumes for a production of Euripedes’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Orestes</i>
he died suddenly at the age of 80. What a life! Tsarouchis must have known at
least 90, percent of the cultural elite of Athens<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(maybe more) and, in that interaction,
everyone gained. His analysis of their work was as perceptive as it was
fascinating. And he loved to dance. Greek people who perhaps knew nothing <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>about<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>his art,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>knew that.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo9flw3574xlngSjDCxQs35XsktwiCTo-pS9qnp_nIAfejxgkm4EvHESiTtaROGirsNyglEkIlWl6w4kPTaYh8f3_aQyOJ8xb02z7UPoDEtP6-u3I7HUJScUs9MQhOB0w-ZD9-KRpzvC7HtyQFuQ4P0pkO3Qy9kB8WSDzceijfo_MZtNs1Is50xx-s/s762/1955.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="762" data-original-width="682" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo9flw3574xlngSjDCxQs35XsktwiCTo-pS9qnp_nIAfejxgkm4EvHESiTtaROGirsNyglEkIlWl6w4kPTaYh8f3_aQyOJ8xb02z7UPoDEtP6-u3I7HUJScUs9MQhOB0w-ZD9-KRpzvC7HtyQFuQ4P0pkO3Qy9kB8WSDzceijfo_MZtNs1Is50xx-s/w358-h400/1955.jpg" width="358" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dancing the Zebeikiko in 1955</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAKLv_39NDDX-OKyv42A20jPsTBhzxiv_oIdI6lEIKpiDqZHXufFS4Wm3joK5tk2HPm6khZuIne3Rn_7SMDI711tNI8qoDQP10iMnz0GFuQwZ1smM5vwJ5GS-uaEcOJheh_9I2_QfnT6bmsNWoeAfnoB3c9dvtVOOGxS2krrlbDIAdd6b4uLXLhGte/s274/Tsarouchis%20at%20the%20end.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="274" data-original-width="184" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAKLv_39NDDX-OKyv42A20jPsTBhzxiv_oIdI6lEIKpiDqZHXufFS4Wm3joK5tk2HPm6khZuIne3Rn_7SMDI711tNI8qoDQP10iMnz0GFuQwZ1smM5vwJ5GS-uaEcOJheh_9I2_QfnT6bmsNWoeAfnoB3c9dvtVOOGxS2krrlbDIAdd6b4uLXLhGte/w430-h640/Tsarouchis%20at%20the%20end.jpg" width="430" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tsarouchis in costume as an archbishop
a few days before his death</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> His own words make a fitting epitaph:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I am an explorer, trying to find within my
true faith, and in my work, the style that will be most in accord with my own
self. </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizVJeyC7OSkiB7zLqgSNaNDok44Aho_moilosvN3C4KgqCEsfFdp91Wzn1abfHAmftsyLUMakp0agXRDibIif0hcFgSFWLpDKwDVfbdgDbZhXMEScVf84HwHi7SoqGWJx-rpEG0qTKkEzz3PDiG79nS0BPiO1-KOacXy35iCkB-4_j291jTq4-SndV/s4608/%CE%A4%CE%A3%CE%91%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A7%CE%97%CE%A3%2012%20445.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3456" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizVJeyC7OSkiB7zLqgSNaNDok44Aho_moilosvN3C4KgqCEsfFdp91Wzn1abfHAmftsyLUMakp0agXRDibIif0hcFgSFWLpDKwDVfbdgDbZhXMEScVf84HwHi7SoqGWJx-rpEG0qTKkEzz3PDiG79nS0BPiO1-KOacXy35iCkB-4_j291jTq4-SndV/w300-h400/%CE%A4%CE%A3%CE%91%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A7%CE%97%CE%A3%2012%20445.jpg" width="300" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is a family Grave</span></i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Section
12, Number 445</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <br /></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Map</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <br /></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd15Ykfd1fd6FYh-C_13NQamFWz1DQpT2zJS_3AteX_uSp_h8FccIRLiVUwizku3vI0565w3juuu4vPZrJ0I1McqZwA8lfjRcE_yNstA6aA4caJrJ9yM-yJJV2qArmbaahhiyo5T6kcJ8WlqaQi8HIYpXqf14bBVSRuQd2quU_Eoj4ncD5Ea-7HYxO/s3656/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Tsarouchis.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3656" data-original-width="2495" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd15Ykfd1fd6FYh-C_13NQamFWz1DQpT2zJS_3AteX_uSp_h8FccIRLiVUwizku3vI0565w3juuu4vPZrJ0I1McqZwA8lfjRcE_yNstA6aA4caJrJ9yM-yJJV2qArmbaahhiyo5T6kcJ8WlqaQi8HIYpXqf14bBVSRuQd2quU_Eoj4ncD5Ea-7HYxO/w436-h640/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Tsarouchis.JPG" width="436" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="background-color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span></span></span><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span></span>(1)</span></span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></span></b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">t<span></span>he Tsarouchis foundation web page.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: red;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rodin’s Thinker</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9k9bMyZ-YEcvW76PVBAO-q9lQu1FR6EdRUIj9hc9Z7jzkORAJGyH0DTShjgjOM00P6EgRntGXspl85-W9XQFgsGj6fW-kGqt-kYmayyHcmnal1RUiw16tLJEzzp1LC0fJvPNkRZJWhhWKyiTyUsf-n5Yt2g0aRcMeUeig512D2bcKqfO0YAxOsYI3/s476/The%20Thinker%20Auguste%20Rodin.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="476" data-original-width="357" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9k9bMyZ-YEcvW76PVBAO-q9lQu1FR6EdRUIj9hc9Z7jzkORAJGyH0DTShjgjOM00P6EgRntGXspl85-W9XQFgsGj6fW-kGqt-kYmayyHcmnal1RUiw16tLJEzzp1LC0fJvPNkRZJWhhWKyiTyUsf-n5Yt2g0aRcMeUeig512D2bcKqfO0YAxOsYI3/w240-h320/The%20Thinker%20Auguste%20Rodin.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(3)</span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1949 Tetsis along with Nikos Hadjikyriakos-Ghikas, Yannis
Moralis, Nikos Nikolaou, Nikos Engonopoulos and Yiannis Tsarouchis, established
the “Armos” art group.</span></p>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(4)</span><span style="color: red;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In
blog research one thing leads to another. Why are sailors especially associated
with homosexuality? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apparently it is an
old trope referring to all those men cooped up on ships during long voyages. It
has had a long run...</span>
<h1><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></h1><h1><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: large;">(5)</span> </span>Lovely White Flowers</h1>
<p class="MsoNormal">He went inside the cafe where they used to sit together. <br />
It was here, three months ago, that his friend told him: <br />
'We're completely broke - so hard up, the two of us, <br />
that we're stuck with the cheapest places. <br />
I can't go around with you any more - it's no use hiding the fact. <br />
I've got to tell you, somebody else is after me.' <br />
The 'somebody else' had promised him two suits, some silk handkerchiefs. <br />
He himself, to get his friend back, <br />
went through hell rounding up twenty pounds. <br />
His friend came back to him for the twenty pounds- <br />
but along with that, for their old intimacy, <br />
their old love, for the deep feeling between them. <br />
The 'somebody else' was a liar, a real bum: <br />
he'd ordered only one suit for his friend, <br />
and that under pressure, after much begging. <br />
But now he doesn't want the suits any longer, <br />
he doesn't want the silk handkerchiefs at all, <br />
or twenty pounds, or twenty piastres even. <br />
Sunday they buried him, at ten in the morning. <br />
Sunday they buried him, almost a week ago. <br />
He laid flowers on his cheap coffin, <br />
lovely white flowers, very much in keeping <br />
with his beauty, his twenty-two years. <br />
When he went to the cafe that evening <br />
he happened to have some vital business there <br />
to that same cafe where they used to go together, <br />
it was a knife in his heart, <br />
that dead cafe where they used to go together.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sources</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Here the
English speaker is spoiled for choice, even on the internet. Tsarouchis was a
prolific painter and art critic. A short entry like this one can only scratch
the surface and hopefully create interest. A good place to start would be the
website of his foundation: </span><a href="https://tsarouchis.gr/en/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">https://tsarouchis.gr/en/</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p> <span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span>
<h1><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br /><p></p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-44940552279047680012023-05-01T22:36:00.004-07:002023-07-12T05:36:43.150-07:00Octavios Merlier, Philhellene<p> </p><p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Octavios
Merlier<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΟΚΤΑΒΙΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΜΕΡΛΙΕ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Born 1887 in France<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died 1976 in Athens</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Melpo Merlier<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΜΕΛΠΩ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΜΕΡΛΙΕ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Born 1889 in Xanthi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Died 1979 in Athens</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-HvLIdBUXwrLvMN0pmiV3CDx5n3sqhgX2S8lLADHgoe-V5cYrfoz7FAfC3MLpyo-pUwdDkBusAKPSJ9zOJyIAxbX7PjRSmNUYrHREhGAAdgm4vtXhtlntCrVTKhyXfmxPvknzEQGtt3Zc-7mUg7mwo3Z8uFbnrziZWQl6uiJMpFAmLar2MHmPg4mt/s4608/049%20Merlier.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3456" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-HvLIdBUXwrLvMN0pmiV3CDx5n3sqhgX2S8lLADHgoe-V5cYrfoz7FAfC3MLpyo-pUwdDkBusAKPSJ9zOJyIAxbX7PjRSmNUYrHREhGAAdgm4vtXhtlntCrVTKhyXfmxPvknzEQGtt3Zc-7mUg7mwo3Z8uFbnrziZWQl6uiJMpFAmLar2MHmPg4mt/w300-h400/049%20Merlier.JPG" width="300" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section D2, Number
17</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Without danger of exaggeration.
Merlier was the greatest and certainly the most authentic Philhellene of the 20<sup>th</sup>
century.</span></i></b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (1) </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Multiple
strands of Philhellenism run through the fabric of modern Greek history, so to
say that Octavios (Octave) Merlier was the greatest one in the 20<sup>th</sup>
century is quite an accolade, placing him near the apex of a very long list of
foreigners who fell in love with Greece, identified themselves with its people,
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and came to help. But it was not Octavios
Merlier alone who deserves the credit. It was also his long collaboration with
his Greek wife Melpo Logotheti, a musicologist. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As he worked to bring the best of French
culture to Greece through his stewardship of the French Institute in Athens, together
they embarked on an even more significant venture: to record and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>create an archive of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the lives of the thousands of Greek refugees
from Asia minor who had poured into Greece during the population exchange in
1923 after the Smyrna catastrophe. By doing so, they gave them a voice that might
otherwise never have been heard. It is an amazing story, all played out against
the backdrop of France’s long historical and cultural relationship with modern Greece,
a relationship that was almost completely severed by France’s role in the 1922 Smyrna
debacle. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Ties
Between France and Greece until 1922.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Greece has never been independent of the influence (some might say
interference) of superior powers. When the nation was formed, France, England,
and Russia (then the big three western powers) became its<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>legal guarantors. At the same time a Bavarian king and his
entourage were given absolute rule over its people. Of all of these ‘minders’, it
was with France that Greece would develop the closest cultural affinity.
France’s interest in Greece may have originally stemmed from the study of
ancient Greece and the knowledge that its ancient culture was the foundation of
its own enlightenment, but it was their own experiment with revolution and
republicanism that made them especially sympathetic to the Greeks fighting for their
</span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">liberty in 1821. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Many volunteers came
to fight for Greece. </span><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Charles Favier even </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">became commander of the Greek tactical army </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">from 1824
to 1828 and was also instrumental in bringing volunteer recruits from Europe. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuxkqHYEYzN6RwNzjiWz4hS9AmxWZ-SfpcOmlH2Ipmxk5OJZruN_kfsNk33SrhtpYCO5K2oJds2-RQpn_FuUjChQ_6FHhZxIZlHO_owXdlRArib3hWYsVJDphOGr0t0ro7jbdVo2kfP65qDWNtSIwghOG5VLNBa23Vfu_43NM8Oy50QgES35pT_6DK/s373/Portrait_de_Charles_Nicolas_Fabvier.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="373" data-original-width="300" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuxkqHYEYzN6RwNzjiWz4hS9AmxWZ-SfpcOmlH2Ipmxk5OJZruN_kfsNk33SrhtpYCO5K2oJds2-RQpn_FuUjChQ_6FHhZxIZlHO_owXdlRArib3hWYsVJDphOGr0t0ro7jbdVo2kfP65qDWNtSIwghOG5VLNBa23Vfu_43NM8Oy50QgES35pT_6DK/w321-h400/Portrait_de_Charles_Nicolas_Fabvier.jpg" width="321" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Favier, was
a sartorial Philhellene as well, emulating the dress and deportment of the
Greek war lords to such an extent that he was often mistaken for one of them<span style="color: red;">(2)</span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The French fleet
participated in the decisive 1827 battle of Navarino and landed a 15,000 strong
French expeditionary force in 1828 to help root out any remaining Ottoman
forces. They stayed until 1833 and, significantly, their force included a
cultural element - a group of experts sent by the French Academy<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to investigate archaeological sites, the
topography and fauna, and to map the country. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Artists at home contributed
to the war effort as well: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>two paintings
of </span><span class="Heading2Char"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Eugène Delacroix,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Massacre
at Chios (1824) </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">and <i>Greece on the Ruins of Messolonghi (1826)<b> </b></i>galvanized popular
support for the Greeks at times when it seemed that all was lost.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgurFcmiEHv6FIsIu3Q28VwBX0ylbdoAh6RUTiXUjj3JpjytkXAQbM6altjqDZ9uJcaRx8wc9OqBv0qgk8bDiDRVgS85yTG14ITbbkN1yA72S32qCpllkQqtsxmo99IRLXzEUoj84E_bFMEovpe8Om3LT3sGOl0DWfGHmYcJU-_toA7U67hEGLxoyq8/s943/Sc%C3%A8ne_des_massacres_de_Scio,_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_INV_3823_-_Q2290433.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="943" data-original-width="800" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgurFcmiEHv6FIsIu3Q28VwBX0ylbdoAh6RUTiXUjj3JpjytkXAQbM6altjqDZ9uJcaRx8wc9OqBv0qgk8bDiDRVgS85yTG14ITbbkN1yA72S32qCpllkQqtsxmo99IRLXzEUoj84E_bFMEovpe8Om3LT3sGOl0DWfGHmYcJU-_toA7U67hEGLxoyq8/w542-h640/Sc%C3%A8ne_des_massacres_de_Scio,_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_INV_3823_-_Q2290433.jpg" width="542" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its poignant display of suffering amid death
and destruction had a stunning impact on public opinion.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">French literary figures did their bit too: </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pierre
Jean de Beranger, immensely popular at the time, immortalized the struggle in
popular poems such as “Le Voyage Imaginaire” and “Psara”</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">, literary heavyweight François-René de <i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Chateaubriand</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>lent his support for the Greek cause as did luminaries like Victor
Hugo who wrote about the massacre at Chios in his 1829 poetry collection <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Orientales</i>. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">After 1830 and Statehood</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the very first elections held in Greece in 1844, Ioannis
Kolettis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>won under the banner of the
‘French Party’.<span style="color: red;">(3) </span>He had been the former
ambassador to France for many years and had forged strong cultural ties there.
So it is no surprise when in 1846, under his government, the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French Archaeological Institute</b> was
founded, the very first foreign archaeological institute in Greece. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And there is more: Greek law was based on
French law, Greek education followed many French models and, until the Second
World War, the French language has been the preferred language of the Greek
intelligentsia and, of course, of diplomacy. Until the 20<sup>th</sup> century,
French was the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">only</i> foreign language compulsory
in Greek Schools. It still surprises people today when they discover that
dictator Ioannis Metaxas did not say <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ochi</i>
to the Italians in 1941 but, </span><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Alors,
c’est la guerre!</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1907 the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French Institute</b>
was founded <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">as an extension of the French
Embassy</i> and became the first fully fledged foreign language institute in
the country. It seemed then as if nothing could alter the strong cultural ties
between Greece and France. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGDHHVyKbTvLuPbMoHJ1Y8kOgWLRvS03xEqznD52R772Y_bgR_ad32NESUt_M-Eino8AUY-2SHjgavIzKFAht4BIhF4zsuiq2XcDIlRMjI4QlwpUGwIjFIKn7FgMO2iHVTYOsJEE6i1671T96Xp12jn5EvgGTRsvdA5egt7RU_vpyXxbhSCPwGeIS6/s630/galliki_arxaiologiki_sxoli_1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="422" data-original-width="630" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGDHHVyKbTvLuPbMoHJ1Y8kOgWLRvS03xEqznD52R772Y_bgR_ad32NESUt_M-Eino8AUY-2SHjgavIzKFAht4BIhF4zsuiq2XcDIlRMjI4QlwpUGwIjFIKn7FgMO2iHVTYOsJEE6i1671T96Xp12jn5EvgGTRsvdA5egt7RU_vpyXxbhSCPwGeIS6/w640-h428/galliki_arxaiologiki_sxoli_1.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /><i> The French Institute<br /></i></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></i></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">But...</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Right, as the world goes, is only in
question between equals in power, while the strong do what they can and the
weak suffer what they must</span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> (Thukydides)</span></i> <span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Rift</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The downside to being the junior partner in any relationship, as
Thukydides pointed out, comes when interests diverge. The love affair between
France and Greece ended in 1921 when France, which had initially encouraged the
Greeks to enter and occupy Asia Minor in 1919, did an abrupt volte face and
entered into an alliance with Turkey in order to further their broader geopolitical
goals in the Middle East. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They supported
the Turkish government’s demand for the immediate evacuation of Greek forces
from Asia Minor and even put their ships in the Mediterranean and their arsenal
at the disposal of the Turks. Italy would follow suit and Great Britain would
profess neutrality, but it was the French betrayal that hurt the most. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">From the Greek point of view, the Smyrna catastrophe, and the resulting population
exchange of 1923, could be attributed to France’s betrayal. This was the
situation when the Merliers came to live in Greece in 1925 – not the best
moment to celebrate the relationship.</span></p>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Their Lives before
Arriving in Greece in 1925</span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Octavios was born in Roubaix in north eastern
France in 1897. He was a brilliant student and Greek scholar. Studying first at
the prestigious </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lycée Henri-IV,</span><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">he received his diploma in 1915 in classical literature and philosophy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The First World War interfered and he
volunteered, was wounded, and awarded for bravery. After the war he continued
his studies at the Sorbonne. In 1920, while just in his early thirties, he was
elected professor. In 1921 he joined the Society of Greek Studies where in 1923
was honoured with the title of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Specialist
in Grammar</i>. In 1923 he married Melpo Logotheti.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Melpo, the daughter of doctor Miltiadis Logothetis, was born<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>in Xanthi and raised in Constantinople
(both then part of the Ottoman empire). She studied at the Zappeion Girl’s
school in Constantinople and continued her education in musicology in Vienna
and Geneva before going on to Paris in 1919. There she studied at the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Institute Neo-Hellenique</i> under its
director Hubert Pernot, a specialist in modern Greek studies who had an interest
in recording songs and traditional folk dance, an interest Melpo shared.<span style="color: red;"> (4) </span>In Paris she met and married Octavios. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In that same year Octavios was seconded to the
French Institute of Athens. They decided to make Greece their home.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii503kuYs9V6hQP9Ggk2ayEl4EjzzZH_VFKb90xp_Vk8na0r-2w8X1ZYnC5XNjimjoVENGjOhNcbxg4Vxsj9pXPcxRqFmcHIDsN0ZsUIbx-DXFXcpXx2_6xQqNHDR-kpgAkid4RmQZUJeDazHNRaB0LO57xIvQf7hBktli9jo-QUjFbo7wSUU9pi1w/s640/%CE%9C%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%A0%CE%A9%20%CE%9B%CE%9F%CE%93%CE%9F%CE%98%CE%95%CE%A4%CE%97%20%CE%9A%CE%91%CE%99%20%CE%9F%CE%9A%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%92%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A3%20%CE%9C%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%9B%CE%99%CE%95.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="478" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii503kuYs9V6hQP9Ggk2ayEl4EjzzZH_VFKb90xp_Vk8na0r-2w8X1ZYnC5XNjimjoVENGjOhNcbxg4Vxsj9pXPcxRqFmcHIDsN0ZsUIbx-DXFXcpXx2_6xQqNHDR-kpgAkid4RmQZUJeDazHNRaB0LO57xIvQf7hBktli9jo-QUjFbo7wSUU9pi1w/w299-h400/%CE%9C%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%A0%CE%A9%20%CE%9B%CE%9F%CE%93%CE%9F%CE%98%CE%95%CE%A4%CE%97%20%CE%9A%CE%91%CE%99%20%CE%9F%CE%9A%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%92%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A3%20%CE%9C%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%9B%CE%99%CE%95.jpg" width="299" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Merliers in
Greece</span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Merlier’s professed goal was to use the Institute to promote the French
language, culture, <span style="color: red;">(5)</span> to foster mutual
understanding, and to repair the rift between the two nations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a very personal crusade: to make Greeks,
as he put it<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, know the untainted face of
France</i>. </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">That seems like a hopelessly quixotic attempt
to be undertaken by one man. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">What is incredible is that he accomplished so much
of his goal. He would become director of the Institute in 1935.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Merliers and the Asia Minor Refugees</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Once in Greece, he and Melpo travelled to Samos and heard first hand the
stories of the refugees and their bitterness against France. When, in 1929, Melpo’s
former teacher Hubert Pernot arrived in Greece, under the aegis of the
University of Paris and asked Melpo to assist him in recording Greek
traditional music, an opportunity arose. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A goodly part of their recording involved
music from Asia Minor, so it was a small step to hand over the microphone to
Asia Minor refugees struggling to make their new home in Greece. In the course
of their research, they recorded the voices and stories of over 5,000 refugees.
What had started as the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Musical Folklore
Archives</i> in 1930 became what is now <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The</i></b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Centre for Asia Minor Studies.</i></b>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Today these archives (films, recordings, newspapers, and artifacts
collected over many years) are housed in an impressive neoclassical building on
Kydathinaon Street in the Plaka and are under the control of the Greek Ministry
of Culture. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For many years, they were housed
in the French Institute and the collection was funded by France. Without this funding,
a record of the Greeks of Asia Minor may never have been made. In the 1930s the
Greek population were far too traumatized by defeat and the government too enmeshed
in the problem of settling 500,000 Asia Minor refugees to undertake such a task
or, perhaps, to even want to. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">So, it happened that the Merliers, with French government funding and a
growing number of helpers, both French and Greek, were responsible for
preserving an entire era. <span style="color: red;">(6)</span></span></p>
<div align="center">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisaEwbxoMTEGWT7WHX4GAM1jS1lba5JlR7x1P7AAV_RNp7hw_phuLny2Y-v5HhEbh1oA5C6uZBbBLrBTEOlLWPTkdDktW16moTySLQzSVeMrzDWCipShshzoKy-ReKwiKurvqVXOPhA11tBAD3Nh6xphvBwmGR6M368HNWE_51soTj2cZkHqlA3C7A/s400/d0wwnark.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="267" data-original-width="400" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisaEwbxoMTEGWT7WHX4GAM1jS1lba5JlR7x1P7AAV_RNp7hw_phuLny2Y-v5HhEbh1oA5C6uZBbBLrBTEOlLWPTkdDktW16moTySLQzSVeMrzDWCipShshzoKy-ReKwiKurvqVXOPhA11tBAD3Nh6xphvBwmGR6M368HNWE_51soTj2cZkHqlA3C7A/w400-h268/d0wwnark.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <i> Listening...</i></span></span></span></span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Second
World War <span style="color: red;"></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When the war broke
out, Merlier made the decision to remain in Athens and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>did his utmost to keep the French Institute
open. During the occupation, the French Institute did not close its doors and
as a result became a centre for the Greek resistance movement. Merlier himself became
a secret representative of Charles de Gaulle, was arrested in 1941, and sent to
France where he remained under house arrest until 1944. He used the time to
gain his doctorate and to translate the poems of Angelos Sikelianos into French.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="color: red;">(7)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In July 1945 he
returned to Greece and continued his work as director of the French Institute
in Athens where he oversaw a huge expansion of both the Institute’s facilities
and student enrolment.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1945 and the
Mataroa</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Merlier and Roger
Milliex,<span style="color: red;">(8)</span> his deputy director at the French
Institute were instrumental in persuading the French government to charter a ship,
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mataroa</i>, to take 150 young people
between the ages of 20 and thirty to Paris, on scholarships granted by the
French government to study and hopefully to return and make their contribution
to Greece. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The idea was to save some of the
best minds of the era from the horror of the civil war and poverty in Greece. There
was opposition. Many of the young people were leftists, anathema to the Greek
government at the time. The French government saw it as an opportunity to
attract more students to study in France rather than in post war England or
Germany. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaWRMu6biXqQ1C5am-VGbXr0pHLKw42RZZjxPI1RAJA6M3vq4b6OIHOOpo9rUVhsWLeUPcbb4kjRKfHqODQSwPa42ivg3hUj8WG_Y9PrOtmyAnVitSn9oZfg83QsrmW-E1ZSzHEQ8o0XaATcq7oeiuRM0WlFoYNcjg3AAL0cE5bYODQq88yqM0WmYK/s454/%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="454" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaWRMu6biXqQ1C5am-VGbXr0pHLKw42RZZjxPI1RAJA6M3vq4b6OIHOOpo9rUVhsWLeUPcbb4kjRKfHqODQSwPa42ivg3hUj8WG_Y9PrOtmyAnVitSn9oZfg83QsrmW-E1ZSzHEQ8o0XaATcq7oeiuRM0WlFoYNcjg3AAL0cE5bYODQq88yqM0WmYK/w400-h318/%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><i> The Mataroa</i><br /> </span><p></p>
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later: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">They were impoverished youngsters.
I have never forgotten them; If some of them succeeded, it (his contribution) was
little enough...</i><span style="color: red;"> (9)</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Exhibition in 1949 Honoring the Greek Resistance</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1949 the French
Institute held an exhibition of paintings donated to Greece <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by the likes of<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Picasso, Matisse, Bonnard,
Marquet, Picabia, Masson, Bourdelle, Laurens, and others to commemorate the
heroism of the Greek resistance against the Nazis. This was a daring<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>exhibition considering that the civil war had
just ended, and one of the few contemporary efforts to acknowledge the efforts
of the entire spectrum of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Greek
resistance fighters. These paintings are now housed in the National Gallery. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Xpup-IvpqvBlfuTnYvjwGe0Mn9-H4HrrkGvutHqoZAd-UeV0vvotGrVzCcHmi_yZbwIp74i-Zekqsk3bpNIFTPyTSQaextN4XVBVX0RbplQ1k90KlaW-imzMdtr_EA1t5Hx73V7v1YppBm1BUWy_OtDdFAhvASm9L8VlmotuqsioGeDf-qyrgoYN/s463/%CE%9F%CF%88%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%89%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%83%20%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%20%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%BF%201950.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="394" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Xpup-IvpqvBlfuTnYvjwGe0Mn9-H4HrrkGvutHqoZAd-UeV0vvotGrVzCcHmi_yZbwIp74i-Zekqsk3bpNIFTPyTSQaextN4XVBVX0RbplQ1k90KlaW-imzMdtr_EA1t5Hx73V7v1YppBm1BUWy_OtDdFAhvASm9L8VlmotuqsioGeDf-qyrgoYN/w340-h400/%CE%9F%CF%88%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%89%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%83%20%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%20%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%BF%201950.webp" width="340" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /> <i> The Merliers in 1950</i></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b><p></p> <span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>In 1960, at least
from the point of view of the French government, Merlier went a step too far. He
refused to hand over to the French Ambassador the archives of the Centre for
Asia Minor Studies which had been funded by France and were still housed in the
French Institute. He argued that they were the property of the Greek people. It
was a principled, not to mention very pro-Greek position and it probably cost
him his job. </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He was recalled to
France a short time later and became a professor of Modern Greek Studies and
Philosophy at the University of Aix-en-Provence until his retirement in 1971. He
never forgot his love of Greece. From France, he published the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Modern Greek Studies </i>and he
was made a corresponding member of the Athens Academy in 1964. Upon his
retirement, he and his wife returned to spend the rest of their lives in Greece,
a country that owes him a great deal. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He died in 1978 and
Melpo in 1979. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They left a legacy of
good will and service. The Asia Minor Archives have had a major role in forming
the Greek cultural memory; no small thing. </span><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(10) </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Grave</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSrobw8JoRQf-j_rNlKoAzF2PxnuFbqFAVi3WpSndbTbHQDBgHybQdNr28seThufW4QI61QYkH1t7Zzxr3y9aLwsGSrVEIkP15x-6eOrPyr4wL_rAB_WyHhF4Shf8ubj0SJQXnGFjAb24p5wYeK6vgIZr0AEbezRcT9wjcVqOhQ7CmRBq1x1xehPQm/s4608/051Merlier.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSrobw8JoRQf-j_rNlKoAzF2PxnuFbqFAVi3WpSndbTbHQDBgHybQdNr28seThufW4QI61QYkH1t7Zzxr3y9aLwsGSrVEIkP15x-6eOrPyr4wL_rAB_WyHhF4Shf8ubj0SJQXnGFjAb24p5wYeK6vgIZr0AEbezRcT9wjcVqOhQ7CmRBq1x1xehPQm/w400-h300/051Merlier.JPG" width="400" /></a></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <br /></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section D2, Number
17</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Map<span style="color: red;"></span></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkh39UxkUFvuRytSgN27vypj9Eg59X4nJBrPLZkw4UYpzoMmjomIxp_TkPa0mRl-W5QH3uH3_hshB3iFbhEjw9e19VCCIfn7-akbXLb5uEPInNFOeDfOo0bya1rLmAKmGhm1K4JvebRZEmL-3y_wpICUqiZ8LQTJsBmCojW6529P7Wwo6fGeyDszea/s2781/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Merlier.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2781" data-original-width="2748" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkh39UxkUFvuRytSgN27vypj9Eg59X4nJBrPLZkw4UYpzoMmjomIxp_TkPa0mRl-W5QH3uH3_hshB3iFbhEjw9e19VCCIfn7-akbXLb5uEPInNFOeDfOo0bya1rLmAKmGhm1K4JvebRZEmL-3y_wpICUqiZ8LQTJsBmCojW6529P7Wwo6fGeyDszea/w632-h640/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Merlier.JPG" width="632" /></a></span></div><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1)</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
Κουζέλη Λαμπρινή, Μικρασιατικές μνήμες – Η Μέλπω, ο Οκτάβιος, το Κέντρο και το
Ινστιτούτο,</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">://</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">www</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">tovima</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">gr</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/2022/01/06/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">books</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ideas</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">mikrasiatikes</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">mnimes</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">i</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">melpo</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">o</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">oktavios</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">to</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">kentro</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">kai</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">to</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">institouto</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(2) </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Favier
was not the only Philhellene to emulate Greek dress. It was, after all, the
romantic era and many Philhellenes fell in love with the exotic aspects of the
oriental style! Also, a surprising number of philhellenes married Greek wives
and, over time, identified as Greek to one degree or another.</span></p>
<p><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(3) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The other two parties were the English
and Russian parties. Back then Greek<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>politicians saw themselves as aligned to one of the ‘big’ powers </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(4)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the summer of 1922, Melpo visited Roumeli
in Greece to study their folk songs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(5) </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Μποζώνη Αργυρώ, Γαλλικό
Ινστιτούτο: Μια μυθιστορηματική ιστορία 110 ετών. </span><a href="https://left.gr/en/node/180794"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https://left.gr/en/node/180794</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(6)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">People such as N</span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">ίκος</span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">Σκαλκώτας</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">, </span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">Πέτρος</span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">Πετρίδης</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">, </span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">Γιώργος</span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">Πονηρίδης</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">, N</span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">ικόλαος</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> X</span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">ρυσοχοΐδης</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">, A</span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">γλαΐα</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> A</span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">γιουτάντη</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">, </span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">Δέσποινα</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> M</span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">αζαράκη</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">,and Samuel Baud-Bovy. Others include </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Κωνσταντίνος</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Δημαράς</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Γεώργιος</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Θεοτοκάς</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">και</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ο</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">συγγραφέας</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Παντελής</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Πρεβελάκης</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">m all French
speakers and friends of France.. <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">And that is not to mention the many scholars who continuously used<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and even add to the archive, even today.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(7) </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">Merlier
remained a scholar all of his life.</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">In 1945 he was awarded his doctorate for his
thesis on the style and language of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gospel
of John.</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></i></p>
<p><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(8)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a detailed list of passengers on the
Matario and their biographies, see </span><a href="https://docmataroa.wordpress.com/main-protagnists/"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://docmataroa.wordpress.com/main-protagnists/</span></a><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.
It makes fascinating reading. </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">French
writer and philhellene Roger Milliex became Merlier’s assistant in 1938. He and
his Greek wife are buried in the First Cemetery and will shortly be a subject
for our cemetery project. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(9)
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">«Ήταν φτωχά παιδιά… Δεν θα τους ξεχάσω ποτέ. Οτιδήποτε κι αν επιτύχει κανείς
για τέτοιους ανθρώπους θα είναι λίγο».</span></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(10) </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">From <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Greek Collapse in Asia Minor</i> by Adamantios Polyzoides in
Current History (1916-19400 Volume 17, October 1922. P. 96</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sources</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
Greek Collapse in Asia Minor</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> by Adamantios
Polyzoides in Current History (1916-19400 Volume 17, October 1922</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><a href="https://docmataroa.wordpress.com/main-protagnists/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://docmataroa.wordpress.com/main-protagnists/</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Στεργιόπουλος Βαγγέλης,</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> "Οκτάβιος Μερλιέ: Ο «πρεσβευτής» της
Γαλλίας στον ελληνικό λαό",</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">://</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">www</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">in</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">gr</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/2021/05/07/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">life</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">stories</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">oktavios</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">merlie</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">o</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">presveytis</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">tis</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">gallias</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ston</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">elliniko</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">lao</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><a href="https://www.kathimerini.gr/society/561894043/1922-ta-anapantita-erotimata-tis-katastrofis-i-mikrasiatiki-ekstrateia-krithike-se-stratiotiko-i-diplomatiko-epipedo/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">://</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">www</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">kathimerini</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">gr</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">society</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/561894043/1922-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ta</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">anapantita</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">erotimata</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">tis</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">katastrofis</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">i</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">mikrasiatiki</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ekstrateia</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">krithike</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">se</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">stratiotiko</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">i</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">diplomatiko</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">epipedo</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span></a><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Alki Zei<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΑΛΚΗ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΖΈΗ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Άλκη Ζέη)</span></b></i><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Born
1923, Athens<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>Died
2020, Athens</span></b></i><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwdNoz3EfvKFJUpYGPKblLVHszIyoU9ocq_1X03DBG0gYcPJ8BzNgH3KGpZExHBeCYoLyPVXXiaLDQh1fViwK1p9bVOeg1yjZ6MDIn1Jns9pPtIh4gIXOCLTRQenTBi-A8Z8gY_B5MtCUe7QphPsmPlpEaGokItPDQhzcFP33AZs5zES1hDha3TGvC/s640/%CE%A4%CE%9C%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%91%202%20590%20%CE%92.%201jpg.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwdNoz3EfvKFJUpYGPKblLVHszIyoU9ocq_1X03DBG0gYcPJ8BzNgH3KGpZExHBeCYoLyPVXXiaLDQh1fViwK1p9bVOeg1yjZ6MDIn1Jns9pPtIh4gIXOCLTRQenTBi-A8Z8gY_B5MtCUe7QphPsmPlpEaGokItPDQhzcFP33AZs5zES1hDha3TGvC/w300-h400/%CE%A4%CE%9C%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%91%202%20590%20%CE%92.%201jpg.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Section 2, Number
590B</span></b><br /></div> <div><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">If Ι chose to write mainly for children, it is because
I wanted to share with them the significant moments my generation has gone
through and contribute to the collective memory.</span></i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(<a href="https://www.alkizei.com/en/">https://www.alkizei.com/en/</a>)</p>
<p align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibVgSaPnmU2ZSzMRy_jzfz5BtXwA6oIW_jRnhA23hdqfzM5CGi1udpN4nAM49NLkEwN-8Or7RaXEJbudlq7EgKLhZkRn9Z0TJigp2bZzZqulKuFL5-BQCvYtq9TRAF9BPTISLrzdir93scHMALBuQsiVPSho6PplmspJIsinVUNANObqg8faOipi1f/s534/%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%9A%CE%97%20%CE%96%CE%95%CE%97%20%CE%A3%CE%95%20%CE%A3%CE%A7%CE%9F%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%99%CE%9F%201.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="347" data-original-width="534" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibVgSaPnmU2ZSzMRy_jzfz5BtXwA6oIW_jRnhA23hdqfzM5CGi1udpN4nAM49NLkEwN-8Or7RaXEJbudlq7EgKLhZkRn9Z0TJigp2bZzZqulKuFL5-BQCvYtq9TRAF9BPTISLrzdir93scHMALBuQsiVPSho6PplmspJIsinVUNANObqg8faOipi1f/w400-h260/%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%9A%CE%97%20%CE%96%CE%95%CE%97%20%CE%A3%CE%95%20%CE%A3%CE%A7%CE%9F%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%99%CE%9F%201.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></b></div><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><i> Alki surrounded by her biggest fans</i></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><i><br /></i></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2023 marks the hundredth year of the birth of Greek
writer Alki Zei who gained readers all over the world and led a life almost as
amazing as the characters she created. Her books for young people created a
whole new genre in Greece.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In her honour, the Greek Cultural Ministry has
named 2023 as the year of Alki Zei.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Because of her ability to paint a picture of an entire society by introducing
unforgettable minor characters along with her protagonists, some have called
her Greece’s Charles Dickens.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Her first novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wildcat Under Glass</i> (</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Το</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Καπλάνι</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">της</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Βιτρίνας</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">), </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">is<i> </i>autobiographical
and told from the perspective of a young girl in Samos in the era of the
Metaxas dictatorship. Its charm and simplicity make it a compelling window into
an era that our generation can scarcely fathom, let alone comprehend. </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZzoNdfFODevA80JF1rG4qGwUsv6XlyFizXFCgOB2XEEGGi2n1kdXRgkZV7yEf0103kFDP3NfV2VJGqPwlIVuK-7mJZIu4tr6_mulX_8H3uAjbH0xT6oRSoiYxKqYxj_4J34bbzHyfEaOqSZwl77A4N2EDx4yptuM-niombgL5BzDKCmmomvhqmVtE/s225/der.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="156" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZzoNdfFODevA80JF1rG4qGwUsv6XlyFizXFCgOB2XEEGGi2n1kdXRgkZV7yEf0103kFDP3NfV2VJGqPwlIVuK-7mJZIu4tr6_mulX_8H3uAjbH0xT6oRSoiYxKqYxj_4J34bbzHyfEaOqSZwl77A4N2EDx4yptuM-niombgL5BzDKCmmomvhqmVtE/w277-h400/der.jpg" width="277" /></a></span></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Her story is an epic one, spanning 97 years of Greek history:
years when a palimpsest of political views were held<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in the face of a dictatorship, an occupation,
and a civil war, years when choices made would have implications which could
not have been foreseen at the time, and years when the word <i>patriotism</i>
meant very different things to different people. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Her life would fascinate even if she were not a great writer. But the
fact that she <i>is</i> makes this period in Greek history come alive. We are
fortunate that <i>Wildcat Under Glass </i>and many other of her novels have been
translated into English (and other languages as well). They are a great read in
any language.</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Her Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 205.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alki was the second child of Zinonos and Ellis Zei</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. Her
father was born on Andros but grew up in Heraklion, Crete. Her mother was from
Samos, an island where Alki with her sister Lenoula would spend wonderful
childhood summers with their grandfather and aunt. Alki’s grandfather was an
avid Venizelist full of liberal and republican ideas. He was a teacher of
ancient Greek in Smyrna but, immediately the school year ended, he would head
for Samos taking his extensive library of ancient writings along with him.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 205.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIr5VYFFLs4Cmm18tlWpTq2EeaSxek2Ueokncr3bhAEICk-X0wte7dd2gBRMuNbfhKZTGC-ivurHEz3jZyexTFbpeDFYCw8ClS-Iyr8AsY03Ofs4WrQO11KOat5qcrO67HD6Q8o7R5E7H06O-z8WMVLxaqeRjR4AL8WTRg21IK7ysx9DVKJyWQL8Xh/s639/5e58d804230000650d0bf50c.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="639" data-original-width="490" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIr5VYFFLs4Cmm18tlWpTq2EeaSxek2Ueokncr3bhAEICk-X0wte7dd2gBRMuNbfhKZTGC-ivurHEz3jZyexTFbpeDFYCw8ClS-Iyr8AsY03Ofs4WrQO11KOat5qcrO67HD6Q8o7R5E7H06O-z8WMVLxaqeRjR4AL8WTRg21IK7ysx9DVKJyWQL8Xh/w306-h400/5e58d804230000650d0bf50c.jpg" width="306" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 205.55pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alki with her older sister Lenoula</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 205.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When their
mother fell ill with tuberculosis, the children remained in Samos for four
years with their aunt and a grandfather who granted them far more freedom for ‘adventures’
than they might have otherwise had. Her grandfather would constantly regale
them with stories of the ancient heroes of history and myth. It was this
idyllic period that she would immortalize in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wildcat Under Glass</i>. Alki recalled their sorrow at being recalled
to Athens and a home dominated by their strict bank manager father who would
never have agreed to escapades in Athens like the ones they had enjoyed on the
island. In fact, he did not even like them playing outside of their home. As Alki’s
alter ego in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wildcat Under Glass</i>
would have said: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Boring</i>...</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1937, the girls
were enrolled in the Ionic School, a pro Metaxas establishment. His fascist government
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(1)</span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span>wanted to enrol all students in their version of
Hitler Youth, an organization called EON. This did not sit well with their
father but open dissent to the Metaxas dictatorship could lead to real trouble,
including prison. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Whereas Alki’s
sister Lenoula was seen as the vivacious beauty of the family, Alki was the
writer and the bookworm. She would memorize her favourite poets by heart and adored
the books of Penelope Delta. She honed her earliest skills by writing <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>letters for the household help in sentences
that must have astonished their recipients: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and
at night, the moment my head hits the pillow I want to weep but tears do not
inundate my eyelashes, they have been dried by the lava of my yearning for
home!</i>... Purple prose to be sure, but apparently very much appreciated. These
maids were her very first fans.<i>
</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fortunately for
Alki and her future career, her father enrolled her in the Andonopoulos School
for the last three years of high school. There, Alki was taught by Eleni </span><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Theochari</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">-<i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Peraki </span></i>(1916-85)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> an art teacher
who had studied in Paris and whose special love was the puppet theatre. The puppet
theatre was a very popular art form in Greece from 1890 until well into the nineteen
thirties and forties, - and not just for children, or for the beloved Karaghiozis
shadow theatre. Rod puppets and hand puppets had become a part of the popular
culture for adults and children alike. In fact, there was a period when puppet
theatre was far more popular and drew audiences larger than live theatre. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although Alki had no real aptitude for art, Eleni
had read one of her stories in the school newspaper and wanted her to join her class
as a writer. These puppet productions were always in need of new plots.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> In 1941-2, Alki wrote
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Weepers” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a parody of a section <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of the Odyssey (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Weepers</i> was a pun on the word <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">epic</i>
in Greek, so we miss the joke in English) in which Circe was depicted as an
intellectual surrealist and Scyllla and Charybdis as a gypsy and an Afrikan.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRW4QfY5q4R084AvUGTi2bAODGqTB6SomLuvyouFm4PKyE5oVLXbKpBBNMzNohSQ-RIY3H1FXbHRN7Xn7Adnl6_z1r0BYzHCBFUuaybog9HW4XCAcb6jMXeCKLOqwK03_oa4dpBww2li7g-uJIR88u_GcnpO2C8-yaHEJhw8L9b7lKm24EzAersebc/s267/index.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="189" data-original-width="267" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRW4QfY5q4R084AvUGTi2bAODGqTB6SomLuvyouFm4PKyE5oVLXbKpBBNMzNohSQ-RIY3H1FXbHRN7Xn7Adnl6_z1r0BYzHCBFUuaybog9HW4XCAcb6jMXeCKLOqwK03_oa4dpBww2li7g-uJIR88u_GcnpO2C8-yaHEJhw8L9b7lKm24EzAersebc/w400-h283/index.jpg" width="400" /></a></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">One character she
created turned out to have a lot of staying power. He was the little sailor <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Klouvios</b> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Κλούβιος</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">and would became one of the main characters of the
Athens Puppet Theatre</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Barba Mytoussis</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> which </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Eleni Paraki had
founded<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in 1939; he even made it into
the era of Television.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQiaMchQILV5yiswOh3kUVooI3Boi2Laieapg3gbgigZWod4UmM4kIDxLAJSA7ckT2-cVOmRD-m9eev0qhFOAK4jO7Heye2zm87P39a41N0Mh7kCHvUX3-N081kClrwtSVcPN1WospJ5bQummunvgrzn8kG-YniniZiw6cYa87ooTz3zHC7uL6giVd/s295/index%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%B3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="295" data-original-width="171" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQiaMchQILV5yiswOh3kUVooI3Boi2Laieapg3gbgigZWod4UmM4kIDxLAJSA7ckT2-cVOmRD-m9eev0qhFOAK4jO7Heye2zm87P39a41N0Mh7kCHvUX3-N081kClrwtSVcPN1WospJ5bQummunvgrzn8kG-YniniZiw6cYa87ooTz3zHC7uL6giVd/w232-h400/index%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%B3.jpg" width="232" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Klouvios
(left) </span></i><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Eleni Paraki was
associated with many distinguished writers and poets of the time: Nikos Gatsos,
<a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2020/03/odysseas-elytis.html">Odysseos Elytis</a>, Marios Ploritis, Andreas Embririkos, to name a few.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also in that distinguished company was Alki’s
future husband - writer, translator and director Georgios Sevastikoglou.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The puppet theatre continued
its productions during the German occupation, entertaining wounded soldiers as
well as the children lined up at the many soup kitchens during those terrible
times. Nonetheless, Alki was young, and had this to say about the occupation: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">We lived
the horror of war every day but, from what I remember, and we could say this of
all of our generation, they were the best years of our life. No matter how
strange that seems. Because there was a liveliness, a life we were leading to
the full: we had dreams, we believed we could be small stones in building the
path to our freedom; we lived a wonderful life and that way we forgot the
hunger, the fear, and the danger.</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(2) </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">During a critical
period in her development, journalist and writer Dido Sotiriou entered into their
life ‘like a cyclone’ according to Alki. Dido was a friend of Alki’s mother and had married her twin bother. Alki
would remember meeting her aunt. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Within 15
days she had spread her web of charm over the entire family. She even managed
to ‘captivate’ my father who did not at all agree with her ideas. Myself and Lenoula
were moved by the fact that she spoke to us as if we were adults and paid so
much attention to us. It was not just her presence as a person; she opened for
you windows to the world, bringing books, telling stories, and pushing you to
be your best self:</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(3)</span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"></span></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH3pXgP22-4NNwDYpMYF-o9TQ-5BgqNHXLTASSO7G6GSEim3PbFK8Ofc41m3DkadxatUHWk0QnmVM1NTkMIyFkBoai4rgcOrFY6eDhIBh3DaSM69oRYd_EMEDdB5b69y_eDUhbe1_WRTntAPdlJNVrB-7Wmor_mjqHpUD0RuCAz_feWkhTHfpZsaXm/s640/5e58ef0b260000b710b5fe80.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="402" data-original-width="640" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH3pXgP22-4NNwDYpMYF-o9TQ-5BgqNHXLTASSO7G6GSEim3PbFK8Ofc41m3DkadxatUHWk0QnmVM1NTkMIyFkBoai4rgcOrFY6eDhIBh3DaSM69oRYd_EMEDdB5b69y_eDUhbe1_WRTntAPdlJNVrB-7Wmor_mjqHpUD0RuCAz_feWkhTHfpZsaXm/w400-h251/5e58ef0b260000b710b5fe80.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></b></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i> Alki and Dido: friends for life</i></span></span><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"> </span></b> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dido had published a
periodical under her own name and Alki decided to create her own small publication,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Crazy World</i> (</span><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ο</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Αστείος</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Κόσμος</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">)</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> in which
she satirized her own family. If Alki attempted to write about things beyond
her own experience, Dido would advise her to write <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">only</i> about things that she knew, advice that Alki would take to
heart for the rest of her life.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alki, the War, and
the Resistance </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dido introduced Alki
to the left wing resistance movement (EAM-ELAS) during the occupation. She
organized her mother and sister as well, although not, apparently her father.
They would meet at their home when her father was at work or very late at
night. Dido had become an editor of Rizospastis, the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>newspaper of the communist party. Alki came to
know its director Costas Karageorgis because he would join Dido at secret
meetings late at night in the family living room while the sisters pretended to
be asleep on nearby sofas. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(4)</span></b> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Of course, not
everyone who joined Eam-Elas were communists. In the fight against the Germans
there were a vast range of political views in the leftist resistance, but it is
true that many intellectuals at that time, including Alki's circle, held very leftwing or communist points
of view. This was especially true as the war was coming to a close and it became
clear that conservative forces were going to be championed by the allies (the
British in particular). This post war clash of ideals would lead to the civil
war and its inevitable aftermath of hatred and exile.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ordinary life goes
on, even during a war. Alki attended the School of Philosophy at the Athens
University and, because of her relationship with Georgos Sevastikoglou, she was
introduced into the world of live theatre. Georgos worked with his friend Karolos
Koun at the now famous Art Theatre, translated many of the plays produced
there, and also worked with the popular acting troupe of <a href=" https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2020/05/marika-kotopouli_57.html">Marika Kotopouli</a>. Alki
even enrolled in a theatre school for a few years, but Georgos steered her back to writing.
He felt that was her strength.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2KZKiqqfV6hozf3UJF3uNvwXQNZxxU4-v6LZRX1okwjFWStQ3DM5cVb1e3m1fWDzj1g1N74fx9z1OvmhemNZhnLJbP5eny5CRqFFGUkmVmiRoIgy2uFX2scFkgSkp7PYALZCiAZQCldGqM7nLCAjcgV3d5KU1SpC8vVzYfFonYGhLLwlClSEf_mDW/s400/%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%9A%CE%97%20%CE%96%CE%95%CE%97%20%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%9B%CE%97%20%CE%9B%CE%91%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%A4%CE%97.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="358" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2KZKiqqfV6hozf3UJF3uNvwXQNZxxU4-v6LZRX1okwjFWStQ3DM5cVb1e3m1fWDzj1g1N74fx9z1OvmhemNZhnLJbP5eny5CRqFFGUkmVmiRoIgy2uFX2scFkgSkp7PYALZCiAZQCldGqM7nLCAjcgV3d5KU1SpC8vVzYfFonYGhLLwlClSEf_mDW/w358-h400/%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%9A%CE%97%20%CE%96%CE%95%CE%97%20%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%9B%CE%97%20%CE%9B%CE%91%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%A4%CE%97.jpg" width="358" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alki with
Ellie Lambeti at a theatre performance</span></i></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1945, The Civil War
and Exile</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When the war ended in
1945, it almost seemed as life might return to some kind of normalcy. Through the efforts of the French Institue in Athens, Georgos
had won a scholarship to study in France and the couple married so that Alki could
go with him. In the end, he did not go because he had received orders from the
Communist party (KKE) to remain in Greece and to continue his work in the
theatre. His decision to obey that order would change their lives. In 1947, when
Georgos was ordered to present himself at army headquarters, he knew that could
only mean trouble. He first went into hiding, then left the country for Europe but
returned at the war’s end at Grammos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(5)</span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span>to help create a documentary on the 'democratic Army'. When
they were defeated, he fled to Tashkent in the Soviet Union. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">For a long time, Alki had no idea where her husband was. She finally did
get a message telling her to try and join him in Tashkent. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But when her own summons to appear at the
police station arrived, she decided to hide. The only house willing to take her
in was that of Doctor Linos Politis, a man who had five children of his own. After
four days Dido found her there and convinced her that exile for her was better
than the doctor’s entire family being sent to jail. Dido herself had been
jailed when her children were small. So Alki turned herself in and was exiled
to Chios for a year before being allowed back in Athens.<span style="color: red;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(6)</b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A Tactical Divorce:
</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Getting a passport to
leave Greece was impossible for Alki because of her husband, so she published a
divorce notice in the newspapers. When she re-applied, she was granted a
passport, but only for Italy. She spent two years there and joined the theatre
group of Eduardo De Fillipo, even playing Antigone in one of his productions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A right wing uncle did send her some money
although he did so while deriding her ‘stupid’ politics. She finally managed to
get a student travel visa by enrolling in a fake ‘acting school’ supposedly run
by De Fillipo. She then went to France, Belgium, Prague and then on to Tashkent.
The couple had been separated for five years and were now in exile together, -maybe
for life. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBh9Z8VR6VBHyKXTPcDCVoOB3PG5td5nWex92LjxIhNhIPuZu4LbKmN6_29dunsfxFjYqV0BQFMxB18je6U3IELu_CUWQ1ccHQIaolBErLhdRWq4joMxblSL18vz8qMSQUurdV90s1PB9nA73e6O6XMYTXJFP78a2bE3pVfFH0czlnJe_6E0ms9sUh/s400/%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%9A%CE%97%20%CE%96%CE%95%CE%97%20%CE%A9%CE%A3%20%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%A4%CE%99%CE%93%CE%9F%CE%9D%CE%97.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="300" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBh9Z8VR6VBHyKXTPcDCVoOB3PG5td5nWex92LjxIhNhIPuZu4LbKmN6_29dunsfxFjYqV0BQFMxB18je6U3IELu_CUWQ1ccHQIaolBErLhdRWq4joMxblSL18vz8qMSQUurdV90s1PB9nA73e6O6XMYTXJFP78a2bE3pVfFH0czlnJe_6E0ms9sUh/s320/%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%9A%CE%97%20%CE%96%CE%95%CE%97%20%CE%A9%CE%A3%20%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%A4%CE%99%CE%93%CE%9F%CE%9D%CE%97.jpg" width="240" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As Antigone</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Political Climate
in Greece and the Political Exiles after the Civil War</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This period of
Greek history is a sore subject for many in Greece, and still hotly debated in
a country where left and right political positions are still emotionally
charged topics. The <a href="http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2016/10/ioannis-metaxas.html">Metaxas</a> regime (1936-1941) had outlawed the Communist party
before the war even started and, when it did, the resistance movement was
divided into right and left contingents. Hatreds and animosities were
solidified by the scramble for power after the German occupation and quickly developed
into a fully fledged civil war. After the Nationalist government prevailed, no
one was in the mood for reconciliation.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A law was passed in
1947 which forbade all those who had fought against the Nationalist government
during the civil war to ever return to Greece and these ‘traitors’ were
stripped of their citizenship. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1948,
another law confiscated all properties in Greece of these newly ‘non-Greeks’. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1952 the
government of Constantinos Karamanlis upheld these laws. The rationale of the
conservative government was that the return of the refugees could instigate
civil unrest or even civil war. It seemed inconceivable to the government at
the time that these exiles could possibly reintegrate into Greek life. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Centre Union,
the Party of <a href="http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2018/03/georgios-papandreou.html">Georgios Papandreou</a> which gained power in 1964 did create hope in
the minds of some exiles that this situation might change and, although
Papandreaou precluded a mass return of the refugees, he said he would consider their
return to Greece on an individual basis. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(7)</span></b> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Junta
intervened between 1967 and 1974 when, in 1974, Karamanlis did legalize the
Communist Party in Greece, still nothing was done about the exiles. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Just to give you an
idea of the magnitude of the issue over time: by 1981 there were about 35,000
Greek exiles; 8,000 in Czechoslovakia, 8,000 in Poland, 7,000 in the Soviet
Union, 4,000 in Bulgaria, 3,500 in Romania, and 1,500 in Eastern Germany. If
Alki’s own memories are anything to go by, these exiles spent a great deal of
their time yearning for home and word of their families<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.<span style="color: red;">(8)</span></b><span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This was the
situation when Andreas Papandrou’s Pasok Party took over and finally a
government was willing to recognize this group. Georgos Gennimatas, speaking in
the Greek Parliament said:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To remain
in the past means a return to the past. It means servitude and humiliation,
decline with no end in sight. From the ruins (of the civil war) we have to
create a new foundation, a new plan to give the Greek people the ability to get
ahead and thrive.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1982 Andreas Papandreou announced the free return of the political
refugees and the return of citizenship to all who were Greek by birth. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alki<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
</i>in the Soviet Union and Then Back to Greece</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 195</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">6, Alki’s daughter
Irini was born in Taskent. Two years later, the couple received permission to move
to Moscow. There Alki studied cinematography and Georgos studied at Moscow’s
Theatre Academy after which he became a well known director and translator in
Russia. </span></p>
<div align="center">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoeTsxo_B3eJRR5Z3YKlLuW_2-X0wxt-YrHq6FaEPUfjJN0dONvY2nJ7AVM7GEh-i4Pti84c64zXErcUtJZIgPD2a7AI1gEpbVljXRZ4ftw3RAoc3UIGKdLv69DgNCtdDNVzUHlxOMTCRw9p6jdjvTQmJZkccvYAOid3pwcnAE50soUCX7G4bmrYAl/s640/5e58e489260000e911b5fe74.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="640" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoeTsxo_B3eJRR5Z3YKlLuW_2-X0wxt-YrHq6FaEPUfjJN0dONvY2nJ7AVM7GEh-i4Pti84c64zXErcUtJZIgPD2a7AI1gEpbVljXRZ4ftw3RAoc3UIGKdLv69DgNCtdDNVzUHlxOMTCRw9p6jdjvTQmJZkccvYAOid3pwcnAE50soUCX7G4bmrYAl/w400-h268/5e58e489260000e911b5fe74.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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<td style="padding: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Family</span></i></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br />
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcGzBH4s_iIuuMPts0_DypHVZ-aRlD9kbwAlQWjBWhHgNZNvNIynUaKqbviZMx2Dp95MHlP-0C-w_71tU2Ya6IV1Oen7c1V2pggCexRFl__v9WxM6EXdAqP794JlvXw5LvGsQlwyhsCMsRP6RQLuvYQ_vZvpw5lEq3NLSTQd5qf8QHOvI16bVIFvOJ/s640/5e58ee372300003c0d39c6c0.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="438" data-original-width="640" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcGzBH4s_iIuuMPts0_DypHVZ-aRlD9kbwAlQWjBWhHgNZNvNIynUaKqbviZMx2Dp95MHlP-0C-w_71tU2Ya6IV1Oen7c1V2pggCexRFl__v9WxM6EXdAqP794JlvXw5LvGsQlwyhsCMsRP6RQLuvYQ_vZvpw5lEq3NLSTQd5qf8QHOvI16bVIFvOJ/w400-h274/5e58ee372300003c0d39c6c0.jpeg" width="400" /></a></span></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alki with
Georgos in Moscow</span></i></p>
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</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">They had made a
life in Moscow but it was one that began with no connection to Greece. Nostalgia
for home remained and, with this homesickness as a backdrop, Alki began to write
about her childhood. This book was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wildcat
Under Glass</i>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When reading it now,
the story seems so effortless and exudes such easy charm that it is hard to
remember that her husband and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>strictest
critic, would read drafts and send her back to rewrite passages again and
again. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The book was
completed in 1962 and she sent it to the Themelio publishing house in Greece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For two years she had no idea of its fate. It
was only when she was allowed to return to Greece in 1964 that she saw her
novel in the window of a bookstore. </span></p>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Of course, many conservatives
(considering the source as well as the content) were scandalized by her novel
saying it was against religion, against the nation, and not suitable reading for
young people. Not everyone felt that way. Nitsa Charvati, a teacher, was
married to an American writer (Edward Fenton) and he was so impressed with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wildcat Under Glass</i> that he translated
it into English and it was published in America. From there it travelled to
Scandinavian countries and even to Japan. Alki’s writing was praised in foreign
countries before her book became a classic in Greece. Such was the power of
politics to affect every aspect of culture in Greece from the civil war, into
the 1980s and even, to some extent, today. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1968 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wildcat Under Glass</i> won the ALA Notable
Book award in the United states. In 1969 it appeared on the Horn Book Honour
list and on and on. For a full list of Alki’s subsequent awards and honours,
see footnote number <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(9)</span>.</b><span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the years 1962 and
1963, the last years of her exile, some Greeks,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>under the aegis of the Greek-Soviet Association <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>began to travel to Moscow; people like <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Odysseus Elytis </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">and
Andreas Embrikos among others. Alki would recall that the conversations would
always be about home. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1964 Aliki and
her children were allowed to return. Georgos was allowed back in 1965. Their
stay was short lived because in 1967, yet another dictatorship forced them into
exile (voluntary this time) to Paris. This exile was less terrible
because the Greeks in France did have contact with those at home. Paris was the
nerve centre of anti-Junta Greeks with the likes of Melina Merkouri and
Constantine Karamanlis in residence. Whether on the right or <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the left of the political spectrum, Greeks would
gather together, in harmony <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>against the
dictatorship. There was an irony here. Karamanlis, who had denied their return to
Greece in the fifties, was their greatest hope for a return if the Junta collapsed.
This fact really amazed her son Petros - how the same man could be a villain in
the 50s and a great hope in the sixties and early seventies. Greek history is
nothing if not complicated! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1971 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ο</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Μεγάλος</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Περίπατος</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">του</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Πέτρου</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Petros’ War</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) was published.
This time the subject was the German occupation. The book was translated into
French and hailed by Mitterand as a must read book for students trying to
understand the Nazi occupation. Alki would speak to school children in France
who had studied the book. When one student told her he hated the ending because
a German had shot a student who was a ‘good boy’, Alki pointed out that good
people got executed too.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC2UfLiP2mTHxmBQVlKryH8v4kKS17qLxylQts7EafGdwfAJbLRiUr6r4yVKy0TImYPL8tbZEVGgzi55b4wdx8XLhSlbHWIK_o9fIV7BMaICh1lCjuuk20HCoNKBJcRfiP_3tKvIypvAnXLSw8ChCP1IDnY1zaBZtQb_PQ036aOe38XAwzyE6cCX90/s225/images.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="165" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC2UfLiP2mTHxmBQVlKryH8v4kKS17qLxylQts7EafGdwfAJbLRiUr6r4yVKy0TImYPL8tbZEVGgzi55b4wdx8XLhSlbHWIK_o9fIV7BMaICh1lCjuuk20HCoNKBJcRfiP_3tKvIypvAnXLSw8ChCP1IDnY1zaBZtQb_PQ036aOe38XAwzyE6cCX90/w293-h400/images.jpg" width="293" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /> </span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alki and her
husband returned to Greece in 1981 and subsequently split their time between the
two countries. Many other books followed: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Boots
and Pumps</i> (1975), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Uncle Plato</i>
(1975), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Near the Rail Tracks</i> (1977), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">One April Sunday </i>(1978) and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hannibal’s Shoes</i> (1979). Her books
won many awards, at home and abroad. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7d_KZ-hAEZOBYLrIyUJtZZEgLWVqy8hBLuaT4Ew1xl1BhTt4BnXaB4jLfYnljlS2hHOVfXFv2Nk-_02nCq9EXn8N3qBbvtRxj1YrZ3LjFPozaLUNNNX3r208hFrLg9pO1pc3ZAOJXXIXhtt2ZMEZLnw0uHWxdX0dW81knQQG7LPbue4H3rRLOAN71/s227/brt.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="227" data-original-width="156" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7d_KZ-hAEZOBYLrIyUJtZZEgLWVqy8hBLuaT4Ew1xl1BhTt4BnXaB4jLfYnljlS2hHOVfXFv2Nk-_02nCq9EXn8N3qBbvtRxj1YrZ3LjFPozaLUNNNX3r208hFrLg9pO1pc3ZAOJXXIXhtt2ZMEZLnw0uHWxdX0dW81knQQG7LPbue4H3rRLOAN71/w275-h400/brt.jpg" width="275" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEzyK1slcE3sydXZHOs9svaI6yx9ocMY0JIrN3O8hVDqhikgrbp4dZlxpnCkvJeKoz-V6L__Aobk6YJaAGQ8HIZMfY_nssyq4vfOx01sMSYQSsxXiAOA888aTbGrue0LGddiRkGdJFtJMUSst4gNgY0K2KBcarX1qkMoBqEG7AzhGiO952i19-w-ae/s640/5e58edd7230000ca0bdddb55.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="421" data-original-width="640" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEzyK1slcE3sydXZHOs9svaI6yx9ocMY0JIrN3O8hVDqhikgrbp4dZlxpnCkvJeKoz-V6L__Aobk6YJaAGQ8HIZMfY_nssyq4vfOx01sMSYQSsxXiAOA888aTbGrue0LGddiRkGdJFtJMUSst4gNgY0K2KBcarX1qkMoBqEG7AzhGiO952i19-w-ae/w640-h422/5e58edd7230000ca0bdddb55.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Georgos with
Alki, Irini, and Petros. Irini lives in Belgium today and Petros is a director</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1987, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Achilles’ Fiancée </i>was published, this
time not for children; a poignant story about the decades and lost dreams
between 1940 and 1970.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Georgos died in
1991. He did not live to see Alki receive the Greek award for her book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tina’s Web</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 2013, she
published her autobiography: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">With a Faber
Number Two Pencil.</i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3F5d4QDXSvRcYMNsYT4JJuMnb1D0umFaDlgJmxc1In13y6SNm9mGN2QfYqu6ntPXMUvNfqLZ2YX1Yr9tW9kDPVy1tcJ9tDEKRecucJWuutQqxiwZPl9nzYDasa8nDLstEuIIXoTldhKwtSLdrO6c-G2xM2_TGOSCG0EMa4CHL_LxTvL_beVn0RuHZ/s400/1908_566-ENG290X400.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="290" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3F5d4QDXSvRcYMNsYT4JJuMnb1D0umFaDlgJmxc1In13y6SNm9mGN2QfYqu6ntPXMUvNfqLZ2YX1Yr9tW9kDPVy1tcJ9tDEKRecucJWuutQqxiwZPl9nzYDasa8nDLstEuIIXoTldhKwtSLdrO6c-G2xM2_TGOSCG0EMa4CHL_LxTvL_beVn0RuHZ/w290-h400/1908_566-ENG290X400.jpg" width="290" /></a></span></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></i><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alki spent a great
deal of time travelling to schools and discussing her books with her many fans.
Her books have been translated into more than 20 languages. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She died in 2020 at
the age of 97 and was buried, at her request, in her husband’s family grave in
the First Cemetery. There is talk of a suitable statue being erected in front
of an Athens public library. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She
deserves that, and much, much more.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxD8Gph2ATXZm_1Fqyg5bn3LPomERxlCUqTcxv90grwgP1wgtwZ4vHv_ssx1wTZnsWwqptXX9WqYhn8mDIJzNfK1zq5dE2OB6Xh32jMJFqJtq3L7X1dP3l3Su_V-UUB9ce3XcUWykUFNmCp-7YVGOzj6KcT-4EREF0KTYARyFcWAD2qGwHQ9QWFquu/s640/%CE%A4%CE%9C%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%91%202%20590%20%CE%92.%201jpg.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxD8Gph2ATXZm_1Fqyg5bn3LPomERxlCUqTcxv90grwgP1wgtwZ4vHv_ssx1wTZnsWwqptXX9WqYhn8mDIJzNfK1zq5dE2OB6Xh32jMJFqJtq3L7X1dP3l3Su_V-UUB9ce3XcUWykUFNmCp-7YVGOzj6KcT-4EREF0KTYARyFcWAD2qGwHQ9QWFquu/w300-h400/%CE%A4%CE%9C%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%91%202%20590%20%CE%92.%201jpg.jpg" width="300" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><i>The Family Grave of
The Sevastikoglou Family with Alki's name engraved on the top<br /></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section 2, Number
590B</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Map</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzUKaGd2ECVsLem04MhH5aSAhhWhhW_BbNk2JkzHO0RmDyPTA3tiGHRE1j8IFHojjPzivkW7X5N2wzvs4HYsf7sH09Gf9ULdfZ3SxJxOB0lzYo8mM-olS3TqC6QFrFXbZ4CikaiIVdKFmueTQLzPecXr9NbheSuH5mdbQ8rbbbN-ueftgsgr8-2-N5OL8/s3825/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Zei.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3825" data-original-width="3399" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzUKaGd2ECVsLem04MhH5aSAhhWhhW_BbNk2JkzHO0RmDyPTA3tiGHRE1j8IFHojjPzivkW7X5N2wzvs4HYsf7sH09Gf9ULdfZ3SxJxOB0lzYo8mM-olS3TqC6QFrFXbZ4CikaiIVdKFmueTQLzPecXr9NbheSuH5mdbQ8rbbbN-ueftgsgr8-2-N5OL8/w568-h640/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Zei.JPG" width="568" /></a></span></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /> <br /></span></b><p></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Footnotes: </span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 37.2pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -19.2pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Metaxas
considered himself as a fascist and was proud of it.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 37.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -19.2pt;"><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(3) Νιάρχος Θανάσης Θ Αλκη Ζέη, Η συνισταμένη
των ανοησιών της υφηλίου</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 37.2pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -19.2pt;"><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Διβάνη Λένα, Ονειρεύτηκα τη Διδώ,σελ.135.</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 37.2pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -19.2pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">See
</span><a href="https://www.politeianet.gr/books/karagiorgi-maria-idiotiki-kostas-karagiorgis-1905-1955-203635"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://www.politeianet.gr/books/karagiorgi-maria-idiotiki-kostas-karagiorgis-1905-1955-203635</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for more on the editor of Risodpastis</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 37.2pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -19.2pt;"><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(5)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Νιάρχος Θανάσης Θ Αλκη Ζέη, Η συνισταμένη των
ανοησιών της υφηλίου.</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 37.2pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -19.2pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(6)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Άλκη Ζέη: «Αχ , λέω, αν ήταν εδώ η Διδώ Σωτηρίου,
θα τη ρώταγα». </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Exile was such a popular way to get rid of
people the government objected to. One wonders what the solution would be today
in the age of the internet? </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 37.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -19.2pt;"><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(7)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Βαμβούρη Χριστίνα,</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Ιόνιος Εταιρία Ιστορικών Μελετών:</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Ζητήματα επαναπόδοσης της ελληνικής ιθαγένειας
και περιουσιών στους Έλληνες πολιτικούς πρόσφυγες του εμφυλίου πολέμου,</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">file</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">:///</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">C</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">:/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Users</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">User</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Downloads</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/24847-433-66991-1-10-20200925.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">pdf</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 37.2pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -19.2pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(8)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">So
many of these exiles dreamed of home even after years abroad. I have a friend
whose father fled as a teenager and after many adventures settled in
Czechoslovakia but refused to try to gain citizenship there either for himself
or his family because he considered himself a Greek citizen. </span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 37.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(9)</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Awards and Distinctions</span></b></p>
<ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1968 ALA Notable Book
selection (USA) – <i>Wildcat under glass</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1969 Horn Book Honor List
selection (USA) – <i>Wildcat under glass</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1970 ALSC Mildred L.
Batchelder (USA) – <i>Wildcat under glass</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1974 ALSC Mildred L.
Batchelder (USA) – <i>Petros’ war</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1980 ALSC Mildred L.
Batchelder (USA) – <i>Near the rail tracks</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1993 Children’s Literature
State Prize (GREECE) – <i>Theatre for children</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2002 Premio letterario
Giuseppe Acerbi (ITALY) – <i>Achilles’ fiancée</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2003 Greek IBBY Best YA
Prize (GREECE) – <i>Tina’s web</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2003 “Diavazo” magazine Best
YA Literature Prize (GREECE) – <i>Tina’s web</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Nominated for the 2004 Hans
Christian Andersen Award by IBBY Greece</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Nominated (2004/2009/2015)
for the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award for Literature by the Hellenic
Authors Society and IBBY Greece</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2005 Prix des Embouquineurs
(FRANCE) – <i>Tina’s web</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2007 Premio Andersen – Il
mondo dell’infanzia (ITALY) – <i>Wildcat under glass</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2008 shortlisted for the
“Diavazo” Magazine (GREECE) Best children book Prize – <i>Granddad the
liar</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2009 <i>Tina’s web</i>
shortlisted among five finalists for the Marsh Award (UK)</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2010 Prix Littéraire des
Jeunes Européens – Prix des Étudiants Francophones (FRANCE) – <i>Granddad
the liar</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2010 Athens Academy Award
for her body of work</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2012 Honorary Doctorate of
Cyprus University</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2014 Honorary Doctorate of
Salonika Aristotle University</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2014 Readers Prize of PUBLIC
Bookstores – <i>With a Faber No 2 pencil</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2015 Decoration by the
President of the Greek Republic with the Golden Cross of the Order of
Honour</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2015 Honorary doctorate of
Patras University, Department of Human & Social Sciences</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2015 Commander of the Order
of Arts & Letters by the French Ministry of Culture</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Granddad the liar</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> shortlisted for the 2018
Premio Strega Ragazze e Ragazzi (ITALY)</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2020 Elniplex Gold List
(GREECE) – <i>A child from nowhere</i> (GREECE)</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A child from nowhere</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> shortlisted for the 2020
Greek IBBY Award (GREECE)</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A child from nowhere</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> shortlisted for the 2021
Greek State Prize for Children’s Literature (GREECE)</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2021 Elniplex Gold List
(GREECE) – <i>Petros’ war Graphic Novel</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2021 Greek IBBY Illustration
Award (GREECE) – <i>Petros’ war Graphic Novel</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Red Fox’s Best of 2021 List
(GREECE) – <i>Wildcat under glass Graphic Novel</i></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Wildcat under glass Graphic
Novel</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
shortlisted for the “Anagnostis” Magazine 2022 Best Illustrated Children’s
Book (GREECE)</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Best Comic of 2022 by the
Greek Comics Awards (GREECE) – <i>Wildcat under glass Graphic Novel</i></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p> <br /><p></p></div></div>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-39192899556395428342023-01-20T05:46:00.007-08:002023-07-10T05:07:33.342-07:00Alexandros (Alekos) Panagoulis<p> </p><p> </p><p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Alexandros (Alekos) Panagoulis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ ΠΑΝΑΓΟΥΛΗΣ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Born in Athens 1939<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died
in Athens 1976</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7kOxWYV0AkzNBVTlZaCCtzXJKiALZ3wQXmz1J3FQkwH-wcm-eMC-EKnw1Bvb7_7Rw_LRXUHzh7PJ3OClYHaQXplsV8SNA0nXl5RwAejBFccSmnRefuTFBF-fi6LMlzRR8gdJ5Pep8ox6rwRNKQU06ncepWB3nDaEDGhK2DCd7KWnPK-JNcHzLO1R1/s4608/Panagoulis%20murdered.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7kOxWYV0AkzNBVTlZaCCtzXJKiALZ3wQXmz1J3FQkwH-wcm-eMC-EKnw1Bvb7_7Rw_LRXUHzh7PJ3OClYHaQXplsV8SNA0nXl5RwAejBFccSmnRefuTFBF-fi6LMlzRR8gdJ5Pep8ox6rwRNKQU06ncepWB3nDaEDGhK2DCd7KWnPK-JNcHzLO1R1/w640-h480/Panagoulis%20murdered.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Section One, Number
236A</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Political life in Greece has often
been violent. During a 10 minute stroll in the First Cemetery, I can easily pass
the graves of 8 people who were murdered for political reasons. <span style="color: red;">(1)</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The slab-like grave of Alexandros
(Alekos) Panagoulis juts out awkwardly into an aisle of Section Number One,
almost as if it shouldn’t be there at all. Its message is a stark one: </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Alekos Panagoulis</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Fighter</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Murdered on May 1, 1976</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">36
years old.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Alekos’ life ended in a car crash on
Leoforos Vouliagmenis at two o’clock in the morning of May First 1976 when he
swerved to avoid a car which had braked suddenly. It was officially called an
accident. At the time he was a member of parliament and scheduled to make some
damning revelations about persons whom he believed had collaborated with the
1967 military dictatorship. His family suspected foul play, if not on the part
of the conservative government of Constantinos Karamanlis, at least on the part
of the ‘deep state’ (παρακρ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ά</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">τος) apparatus that so many on the left were convinced still existed. His
death was almost instantly linked to that of <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2020/09/grigoris-lambrakis.html">Gregoris Lambrakis </a>who had been
bludgeoned to death 13 years earlier in Thessaloniki by right wing thugs. Not
even the implosion of a 7 year dictatorship in 1974 and the restoration of
democracy had managed to heal the profound distrust between the liberal left and
the conservative government in power at the time of his death.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">During that dictatorship Panagoulis had
attempted to kill its leader, Georgos Papadopoulos. As a result he spent four
and a half excruciating years in a military prison. His defiance both in action
and in his poetry collections became symbolic of the junta’s oppression and the
desire of many citizens for a more liberal society. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">It is a very Greek story.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir1Nk1QzCtAQxo6XwKCDC-Gp97VCnHWugUnx-zJOSRe_6pm1mkdOK2H2IFCL-iV1DGMqZ53DghrFZWBAmQj8me9CxFdKsAcHwsSZBX_uzQG-DhrccMaQpZ233RqAgzKl0A5w5MI8e5CYZwTaoOkgbW7gzA-VuIAaXW5lzgj2q-xjZ7G-MfdClM0LMx/s262/index.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="192" data-original-width="262" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir1Nk1QzCtAQxo6XwKCDC-Gp97VCnHWugUnx-zJOSRe_6pm1mkdOK2H2IFCL-iV1DGMqZ53DghrFZWBAmQj8me9CxFdKsAcHwsSZBX_uzQG-DhrccMaQpZ233RqAgzKl0A5w5MI8e5CYZwTaoOkgbW7gzA-VuIAaXW5lzgj2q-xjZ7G-MfdClM0LMx/w400-h293/index.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Alexandros Panagoulis</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alekos was born in Athens in 1939. He was the
second son of Vassilios Panagoulis, an officer in the Greek Army and his wife
Athena.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His father came from Divri (todays’
Lampeia) in the heart of the Peloponnese; <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>she hailed from Sivri, a small village in the
Ionian island of Lefkada. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alekos’ brother
Georgios, a year older, would also become an officer in the Greek army.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A much younger brother Efstathios completed
the family whose political roots were Venizelist, that is to say, liberal and
republican, a point of view that would have been regarded as suspect during the
dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas which began in 1936 and ended in 1941 when the
Germans invaded. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alekos spent the years of the Axis occupation in
Lefkada before moving with his family to Athens, first to Kypseli and then to
Glyfada. Some of his earliest memories would have been of the occupation<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>and the civil war which rocked Greece
until 1949 when he would have been 10 years old. According to all accounts of
his childhood friends, Alekos and his brothers were athletic, lively, and
sometimes the scandal of his neighbourhood in Glyfada. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the 1950s, when Alekos was a teenager very few
people were politically neutral. Conservative Constantinos Karamanlis was prime
minister. One historian put it this way: although democratic, his government <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">had the aura of a semi-police state</i>, a
situation tolerated by his supporters because of fears of a renewed civil war. That
‘aura’ had a certain inevitability given Greece’s recent history. The continued
presence of National Guard Defence Battalions which had been formed during the war did not help either because of their fascist roots <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(2). </span></b><span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The Karamanlis
government had continued the detention of communist prisoners during the 50s and
refused to repatriate former fighters of EAM-ELAS who had fled abroad when the
civil war ended. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Any Demonstrations or
rallies for more civil liberties became suspect and protestors’ names were
recorded as a matter of course. This was the social backdrop for Alekos’ liberal
activism as a teenager and young man. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A police file was started on him as early as 1957; it grew even
larger in the early sixties.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">At first his
family’s connection to the army made him suspect with some of his more radical
friends, but he proved his credentials in many a demonstration. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And yet, he was never a radical in the sense
that the term is understood today. His first career choice had been the Navy,
but, when he was not accepted, he opted for Electrical Engineering at the
National Technical School of Athens. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1961
<a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2018/03/georgios-papandreou.html">Georgios Papandreou</a>, a long time social democratic politician started the new <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Centre Union Party</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(EK) </b>in an attempt to prevent a third term by Karamanlis’ <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">National Radical Union</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(ERE)</b>.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>Alekos became an enthusiastic
and vocal member of its youth movement. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZLyAt7gWAMR3QGxkmPG3DPnLE1UPRaAKiZVj590ti9uXXboHnmh7SjI-8LKcC9BbCWsCp9o1lso8dKJeJINX-5Pqh7HBHHPwuOz8v4eg1XrSh4RjFvYHpF3_iJpxfy59LHZs4mkFrP3lRhV2GhRh0890f2e3Zav3S0Zwz4Tx2ZM5Yt9NzAqGe7J_k/s286/indexnbr.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="286" data-original-width="176" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZLyAt7gWAMR3QGxkmPG3DPnLE1UPRaAKiZVj590ti9uXXboHnmh7SjI-8LKcC9BbCWsCp9o1lso8dKJeJINX-5Pqh7HBHHPwuOz8v4eg1XrSh4RjFvYHpF3_iJpxfy59LHZs4mkFrP3lRhV2GhRh0890f2e3Zav3S0Zwz4Tx2ZM5Yt9NzAqGe7J_k/w246-h400/indexnbr.jpg" width="246" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Georgios Papandeou</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">The Centre Union</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Centre Union</b> consisted of members of
Venizelist liberals, social democrats and some dissatisfied conservatives. The banned
communist party preferred<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> EDA</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the United Democratic Left</b> which,
although it attracted a lot of workers and influential intellectuals, only managed
to get a significant number of votes (15%) in 1961. It was the less radical social
democratic Centre Union that Alekos supported. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The 1961 Elections and the Relentless
Struggle</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In the 1961
election, the significant gains of Papandreou’s new Centre Union party along
with EDA votes were still not enough to topple Karamanlis but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">were </i>enough for Papandreou to call the
election rigged. He announced a policy of ‘relentless struggle’ (αν</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ένδοτος</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">αγών</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">) against Karamanlis’ ERE party and
what he termed the deep state of the right. This, of course, did nothing to
heal the already frayed political fabric. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The strategy
paid off in the November 1963 elections when the centre Union managed to beat the
conservatives by a tiny margin. The atmosphere surrounding this election was
electric and full of mutual hostilities. The fact that Grigoris Lambrakis, a
prominent member of parliament for EDA had been murdered that May and that Karamanlis
had resigned because of a dispute with the king had helped the Centre Union to
win. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">New
elections in 1964 proved even more successful for the Centre Union. Papandreou won
decisively with 174 seats, to ERE’s 98 and Eda’s 22. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">1964-1967: and the lead up to
Disaster</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">What should
have been the pinnacle of victory for the political centre got lost in the
miasma of Greek politics. The still entrenched conservative faction were fuming
at their defeat and the Palace had always favoured the conservatives. The army,
ever an explosive factor in Greek politics were restive because liberal
elements were always purged when the conservatives held sway and conservative elements
were purged under more liberal governments. The resulting job insecurity almost
guaranteed plots and counter plots within the military.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Georgios
Papandreou had some problems of his own: he was 78 and had been in politics a
long time. Some have suggested that he became more focused on settling old
scores than on creating a new social democratic order. Factions in his own party,
one of them led by his son Andreas, were after far more radical changes than
their leader. Georgios was not close to his firebrand son. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had abandoned his first wife for the
actress Givelli when Andreas was a baby. There was a lot of unfinished business
there. Nonetheless (or perhaps because of this history), Papandreou <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">père </i>had personally put his son forward
in his own party apparatus and was certainly regretting it by December of 1966
when<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the New York Times reported that he
had been driven to rebuke his son publically.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Oldi78OpEU52fFL055QO9ZDTOguzCXgJCNOQ2INKSSxSdqRKcKlniEzwkc3e2KV_mfusVHHHSPnKOlV99-PYd1TmqgKSkcl1POYFk5zE1DhNefSqe55ipVG5JUvFRjHsRtsZoipDpsYpnfhIS_ntRFFamj--Oa9HDuu182Ip0QaeO99WNd8Qfl4O/s1600/Andreas_Papandreou_(1968).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Oldi78OpEU52fFL055QO9ZDTOguzCXgJCNOQ2INKSSxSdqRKcKlniEzwkc3e2KV_mfusVHHHSPnKOlV99-PYd1TmqgKSkcl1POYFk5zE1DhNefSqe55ipVG5JUvFRjHsRtsZoipDpsYpnfhIS_ntRFFamj--Oa9HDuu182Ip0QaeO99WNd8Qfl4O/w300-h400/Andreas_Papandreou_(1968).jpg" width="300" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Andreas Papandreou, a
future prime minister, and much more radical than his father</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">During this
period, army officers suspected that a left wing plot led by Andreas was
brewing in their ranks.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(3) </span></b><span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Things came to a head when Georgios Papandreou
asked the king to grant him the Defence Portfolio. Many considered this
an attempt to shield his son from the consequences of the supposed plot. In any
case, King Constantine refused to co-operate. Then Papandreou made the mistake
of offering his resignation. The king accepted so quickly that many felt it had
all been part of a plan. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Political
instability ensued and new elections for 1967 were agreed upon, elections that
many on the right were convinced that the Centre Union could only win (horror
of horrors) with the help of communist tainted EDA. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Coup</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Before that happened,
an ambitious<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>group of colonels decided
that yet another military coup was necessary to cure Greece’s political and
social maladies and get rid of the ‘communist threat’ once and for all. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On April 21, 1967, a coup détat was led by
this group of unimaginative nonentities who would ban miniskirts, long hair,
and the music of Mikis Theodorakis. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(4)</span></b> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7rWur7TJqH1QV18jfTDt9wagyaZ1a_59IHcMSSY6KrdDTiBu46Qbg1h8Gfn7NE4HbVAEaUSifZ9PgwIvwicdBviYhmSvsMk77f0IBRAfaPyMGsdUCYZsaa5UV2t48STQQmOtomPPmWf8T5pX1lzzV1WQyjQKKtM6iV51bUIRDtT8_UA2W7HwdyKIt/s1024/This-April-26-1967-image-shows-Greek-officials-and-royals-in-Athens-Greece.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1001" data-original-width="1024" height="626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7rWur7TJqH1QV18jfTDt9wagyaZ1a_59IHcMSSY6KrdDTiBu46Qbg1h8Gfn7NE4HbVAEaUSifZ9PgwIvwicdBviYhmSvsMk77f0IBRAfaPyMGsdUCYZsaa5UV2t48STQQmOtomPPmWf8T5pX1lzzV1WQyjQKKtM6iV51bUIRDtT8_UA2W7HwdyKIt/w640-h626/This-April-26-1967-image-shows-Greek-officials-and-royals-in-Athens-Greece.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The colonels, rubber
stamped by the king (in the centre) on April 26, 1967</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Bumblers
they may have been, but they had all of the instruments of repression from the
dictator’s playbook at the ready: arrest, house arrest, torture, and execution.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">The Dictatorship and
Panagoulis’ Arrest</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUyfXG2Md6CEBs35KSWw8O-hSCh8AtkcRvu5rc0tgQl9U4N3xfE9px4MP0MG4S6MP-RnJAoGnxYVo-Am7Ax6suBHMJjfH0U7mUxMFKyaSNLiztrDByCqQzlxb7umJRUBKl6GaK92nomwLZ-b0K5bibzyxR6itLFhGMTHiiya-t8pJXJ49WKE3Dgedd/s270/indexvfe.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="270" data-original-width="187" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUyfXG2Md6CEBs35KSWw8O-hSCh8AtkcRvu5rc0tgQl9U4N3xfE9px4MP0MG4S6MP-RnJAoGnxYVo-Am7Ax6suBHMJjfH0U7mUxMFKyaSNLiztrDByCqQzlxb7umJRUBKl6GaK92nomwLZ-b0K5bibzyxR6itLFhGMTHiiya-t8pJXJ49WKE3Dgedd/w277-h400/indexvfe.jpg" width="277" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">The ubiquitous Junta
poster on walls, on bridges, in offices, and even on match boxes. </span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Opposition was
hampered by the fact that so many inside the country supported the coup and that
many foreign governments, such as the U.S. and Britain had developed a half
hearted wait and see policy. But the reaction of the Panagoulis family was immediate. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alekos’ brother,
a career officer resigned and Alekos, who was in the army at the time deserted,
founded the National Resistance Organization, and went into self exile in Cyprus
to consider his options. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Π</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">αραλ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ίγο</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Τυραννοκτόνος</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Almost Tyrant Killer</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(5)</span></b><span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The result of
his planning was a failed assassination attempt (a near miss bombing) against
Georgos Papadopoulos on the 13<sup>th</sup> of August 1968 near Varkiza, a
suburb of Athens. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizQQEy_sOCLqkkb1hINOFJPkcYZPeojVLeNp18TnMPOOL0344haqs0BqT6mT07in_DKM0oUaP0SHKgQT-rhd__a8bFQYxM2cxaX0KdyR8g-kd3W6u7S5pWQZDBwbRcfcXTkLlhn-bwYulAlyE0lXvkMiQtWuxMosXOhkmU62eC_0sgSBH7KNhnyTGl/s640/h-apopeira-dolofonias-toy-papadopoyloy-sto-lagonhsi-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="640" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizQQEy_sOCLqkkb1hINOFJPkcYZPeojVLeNp18TnMPOOL0344haqs0BqT6mT07in_DKM0oUaP0SHKgQT-rhd__a8bFQYxM2cxaX0KdyR8g-kd3W6u7S5pWQZDBwbRcfcXTkLlhn-bwYulAlyE0lXvkMiQtWuxMosXOhkmU62eC_0sgSBH7KNhnyTGl/w400-h320/h-apopeira-dolofonias-toy-papadopoyloy-sto-lagonhsi-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The bomb just missed its
target</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Panagoulis was
arrested as the perpetrator shortly afterwards and tried in a military court in
November of the same year just days after Georgios Papandreou’s funeral had
caused a huge anti-junta demonstration in the centre of Athens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The junta were not in a forgiving mood. He
was sentenced to death and sent to Aegina for execution. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyk7vvn7boy3-oSqbE5HrRAzlWV3T6LRFKcv_EHdLoNvVhz5mIGaDxBaTmsuCp22ixxAmnC4Z_ijpEzS3bbu-CLxOlRyGYZpxQRBsbRwHufsgDRVf2REx1t6uNTSywp5_ebwE8Njy_YDyNRO0g3PNjh0iEZmTC-4m90JWMu90P6pgKJhcNN4OC7u7i/s720/626bea521e0000eca81b3a2d.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="720" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyk7vvn7boy3-oSqbE5HrRAzlWV3T6LRFKcv_EHdLoNvVhz5mIGaDxBaTmsuCp22ixxAmnC4Z_ijpEzS3bbu-CLxOlRyGYZpxQRBsbRwHufsgDRVf2REx1t6uNTSywp5_ebwE8Njy_YDyNRO0g3PNjh0iEZmTC-4m90JWMu90P6pgKJhcNN4OC7u7i/w400-h300/626bea521e0000eca81b3a2d.webp" width="400" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The trial of Panagoulis</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">It never happened.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Junta
found itself under intense political pressure to commute his sentence. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Britain, Greece, and the Colonels: Between Pragmatism and Human Rights</i>
Constantinos Maraghou offers some insight the British reaction to the death
sentence. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many Labour MPs wanted to hold
public demonstrations and raise the question of the verdict in parliament, but the
Secretary of State wanted to opt for ‘private channels’. His rationale was that
a public outcry would just encourage the junta to carry out the sentence. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Is it more important to save Panagoulis’ life
or to make a big song and dance about the sentence?<span style="color: red;"> </span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(6)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The private
pressure worked but Panagoulis was left to face the music in the Boyiati
Military Prison near Athens for four and one half years of almost daily torture
and psychological pressure. He never revealed the names of his accomplices. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci
who took up his cause and became his lover:</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> he met his regular
torturers with curses and defiance.</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghDqnhwCfOUGe0zMWz0waqg4H04HUNJBSLdb2LMJmhrsoneRW5D3GBNTU0UZ86bb7JAII6ciQ240Pb3padzSgQzbunNyDuf2RpQlxwI2tncPf1548El5Vn5zGZBYGADFLh1MKjaVUgY8N6gJ__KwTvK-pdKG8mEe05u85YXeoQTThSCPDS4t8gfIMY/s303/f7041b02788579e89fec5869d42a5052--mie-social.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="303" data-original-width="236" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghDqnhwCfOUGe0zMWz0waqg4H04HUNJBSLdb2LMJmhrsoneRW5D3GBNTU0UZ86bb7JAII6ciQ240Pb3padzSgQzbunNyDuf2RpQlxwI2tncPf1548El5Vn5zGZBYGADFLh1MKjaVUgY8N6gJ__KwTvK-pdKG8mEe05u85YXeoQTThSCPDS4t8gfIMY/w312-h400/f7041b02788579e89fec5869d42a5052--mie-social.jpg" width="312" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Oriana Fallaci and
Alekos Panagoulis after his release</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Alekos <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>attempted to escape many times and managed once
briefly in June of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1969. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another attempt in the summer of 1971 involved
some well known names including Amelia Fleming. He was then chained to his bed in a tiny cell partially submerged in
the ground. It measured three metres by one and a half, scarcely bigger than
his grave in the First Cemetery. The horror of that incarceration is recorded
in his poetry:</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Tied to the
bedpost,</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">chains</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">keeping the
body still</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Crows flying
around me</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">seek to
feast on me</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">tyrant’s
slaves</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">with human
form</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">...</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The
deserters say I deserted</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The traitors
say I betrayed.</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Those who
will be spat upon tomorrow</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Spit on me
today.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">And</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Paint</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I gave life
to the walls</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">a voice I
gave them</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">more
friendly so that</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">they would
become my company</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">and the
guard asked</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">to know
where they could find the paint.</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The walls of
the cell kept the secret</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">and the
mercenaries searched everywhere</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">but paint
they could not find</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">because they
did not think for a moment</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">that they
should search into my veins.</span></b></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">By
1974, the brutality of the junta was well known in foreign diplomatic circles
and opposition, in the Greek diaspora and among the many prominent artists and
politicians who had been exiled was reaching critical mass. Papadopoulos seems
to have understood this and, in an attempt to either liberalize his regime or
appear to liberalize it, he freed all political prisoners including Panagoulis.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Panagoulis
went into exile in Italy and continued his resistance from abroad. </span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVtbX17hGA9k-B85m98mDIx9Ks5fdNWkio0WdyFkpAyTEqv4BjUFH-E4b0qTbzSxWG573awwV1KAEHDqaSfA8DYO_47kqJjEcexzZ2lwCwpZxq8QJi6lI-kCJBTsy0XxV4C5757kaRJfbP5Pz_QwrUkzw54IMioA3ScmNcB_aLmyA_4MHWwUVwOxYm/s1600/mom%20and%20brother%20satthuis.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="904" data-original-width="1600" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVtbX17hGA9k-B85m98mDIx9Ks5fdNWkio0WdyFkpAyTEqv4BjUFH-E4b0qTbzSxWG573awwV1KAEHDqaSfA8DYO_47kqJjEcexzZ2lwCwpZxq8QJi6lI-kCJBTsy0XxV4C5757kaRJfbP5Pz_QwrUkzw54IMioA3ScmNcB_aLmyA_4MHWwUVwOxYm/w640-h362/mom%20and%20brother%20satthuis.webp" width="640" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Alekos,
on the right with his mother and his brother Stathis</span></i>
<p></p><p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Theodorakis
and Panagoulis Meet</span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5oMaMCv7_Ieh7OCl5R1ZpCxRzZQy92spNZYWxRkhDy1J1eiz5p1y184yAXrx14X80q7c9l6D7AL7vn8EMHCeFqy1k-ZF976y2Z-ZWJ6yS-SvLsO9OU6FK3O5IT1oUmiOkijpWU2BG9uMgJx7iUXmOPwRWZgD6A1TFEkj-YOL4O0wDzPzIxA2o5LLy/s259/imagesmng.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5oMaMCv7_Ieh7OCl5R1ZpCxRzZQy92spNZYWxRkhDy1J1eiz5p1y184yAXrx14X80q7c9l6D7AL7vn8EMHCeFqy1k-ZF976y2Z-ZWJ6yS-SvLsO9OU6FK3O5IT1oUmiOkijpWU2BG9uMgJx7iUXmOPwRWZgD6A1TFEkj-YOL4O0wDzPzIxA2o5LLy/w400-h300/imagesmng.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Panagoulis
and Mikis Theodorakis</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the months after his release and before the Junta self
imploded, Panagoulis and Mikis Theodorakis, who had himself suffered so much
from right wing oppression, were together in Stockholm discussing how culture
could create a milieu in which freedom could blossom in Greece.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(7)</span></b> They
discussed the possible formation of Greek cultural clubs in the diaspora and
were careful to specify that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">they should
be clear of all party affiliations</b>. Even after their harrowing tortures,
they wanted a return to some kind of national unity. Theodorakis had himself
come up with the proposal that Karamanlis would be the best person to initiate
this government of national unity before elections were called, an idea that
did bear fruit and one that shows a certain greatness of soul on the part of
both men. </span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwe9HsnkuJAI0B930boIxTND1Q_Rr8VMnPATYUJKF7pdWMHt8B2nPtAuepTHhBJb5qNVgJDWtozs6WedX_TSx-zHMCSOBNBE0ZsRnBGOj7-tUe3Vt0DPLXYnPEF7nob43bvKxF-ojjNTnahH3TTq0F1Yz-ADFvUAnDLW2AmL8oF7zhn53YbcQh2Jcb/s264/indexmnp.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="191" data-original-width="264" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwe9HsnkuJAI0B930boIxTND1Q_Rr8VMnPATYUJKF7pdWMHt8B2nPtAuepTHhBJb5qNVgJDWtozs6WedX_TSx-zHMCSOBNBE0ZsRnBGOj7-tUe3Vt0DPLXYnPEF7nob43bvKxF-ojjNTnahH3TTq0F1Yz-ADFvUAnDLW2AmL8oF7zhn53YbcQh2Jcb/w400-h289/indexmnp.jpg" width="400" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Karamanlis
returning in triumph from exile</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
End</span></b></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When
the junta ended with a whimper over the invasion of Cyprus, Panagoulis became the
secretary general of the Hellenic Democratic Youth movement under the aegis of
the Centre Union. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He did not join PASOK,
Andreas Papandreou’s new socialist party, but instead ran for a seat in
parliament under the liberal Centre Union- New Forces party.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(8)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>Of course, once parliamentary
democracy was restored and political parties were formed, the Utopian ideal of
cultural entities with no party affiliations got lost in the rhetoric. Panagoulis
himself repudiated his own party because of perceived ties of some members to
the Junta and was an independent member of parliament when he died.</span></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Was it Murder? </span></b></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuFEWAecDk8C7V3z-KRv3e0s7sOzTQPg_xP1kH3LDtDSsVJr8nvKsF9vzWYgQ-c3r4WwHPDbC_M4HMv_ubRFsN1WfZ_MsNDYnIFEiU-3Tyfr0NRi5vmX0oeVC96YC-2Id3Z58rSTzL5KyXwTHJlOy9E2Gnc0Vri6ZrFextenjYC-g0xHBiEyc8wnIS/s301/imagesmnb.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="167" data-original-width="301" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuFEWAecDk8C7V3z-KRv3e0s7sOzTQPg_xP1kH3LDtDSsVJr8nvKsF9vzWYgQ-c3r4WwHPDbC_M4HMv_ubRFsN1WfZ_MsNDYnIFEiU-3Tyfr0NRi5vmX0oeVC96YC-2Id3Z58rSTzL5KyXwTHJlOy9E2Gnc0Vri6ZrFextenjYC-g0xHBiEyc8wnIS/w400-h222/imagesmnb.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The fatal crash</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b><p></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></b></p>
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">If it was, it was never proven. That
his family thought so can be seen on his tombstone. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At its base is the word<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Nemesis</i></b> and a demand
that no one forget. His funeral was attended by thousands.</span>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_md3BwQ62Q4TdwibZSlnoUeAjDANvMpdMmS8vT19fxxrcD-XWLF34aPAeiBIoPXUOaB_DMDh4F4BgoP3BKFqKD8h9XN9C1w1DlBC9IfyFTzISwW1WFgg_J_0tXoDxF1PqgQeI0HaA6uFTrz5DAKFy_gbHANvKH98eiJZ0-dYpfBD3rRgsXu0TT_IA/s622/1493303228691-F6A6E872DA5CBDB4ACB5919C90374C45.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="345" data-original-width="622" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_md3BwQ62Q4TdwibZSlnoUeAjDANvMpdMmS8vT19fxxrcD-XWLF34aPAeiBIoPXUOaB_DMDh4F4BgoP3BKFqKD8h9XN9C1w1DlBC9IfyFTzISwW1WFgg_J_0tXoDxF1PqgQeI0HaA6uFTrz5DAKFy_gbHANvKH98eiJZ0-dYpfBD3rRgsXu0TT_IA/w640-h354/1493303228691-F6A6E872DA5CBDB4ACB5919C90374C45.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">There have
been many songs, books and plays written about Alekos Panagoulis. His life and
death have assumed mythical proportions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A recent book, entitled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rehearsals
for Death </i>seems, in retrospect, almost prophetic.</span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYsZWmCK57qkLW2TMlLeM-qSk_YtFaInbe2n5Nmqf704uIVsZd8s32JFKWAxgyoNHBRNfZ8ll7KjqgSGdHyVCx7DVtp8uwJmEp_WGIg1Tmw0kdn_WAlFXOr6ZffdHoR03r5ZagxnlTOdt5nAfpAg2gsals4QLNKcgzwYNYo7x3UFd69dqCNDH_D30T/s900/Agios-dimitrios.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="558" data-original-width="900" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYsZWmCK57qkLW2TMlLeM-qSk_YtFaInbe2n5Nmqf704uIVsZd8s32JFKWAxgyoNHBRNfZ8ll7KjqgSGdHyVCx7DVtp8uwJmEp_WGIg1Tmw0kdn_WAlFXOr6ZffdHoR03r5ZagxnlTOdt5nAfpAg2gsals4QLNKcgzwYNYo7x3UFd69dqCNDH_D30T/w400-h248/Agios-dimitrios.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There
is a bust of Panagoulis marking the spot where he died and the square
containing it is called Plateia Alexandros Panagoulis. It is near the Agios
Demitrios Metro Station which has also taken on his name:</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikzKYHt9yHTcLhKnQ6eEDHoX9wMz_LHDiDUDZ1N2XV56YE97lNG9ucL1UY4dDl96qk5ULI7RN23ZeToJvS15DjTjR5SO8GePsQrsvC57EnZhgbzw0eGbm9y24PBvQSzF9RXe2FPGTsVq4czVMZ_mxvxy7JZUm4XlyiD8ugfgkrnLhwLZyiprnpA59J/s645/5d853f799c9db.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="430" data-original-width="645" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikzKYHt9yHTcLhKnQ6eEDHoX9wMz_LHDiDUDZ1N2XV56YE97lNG9ucL1UY4dDl96qk5ULI7RN23ZeToJvS15DjTjR5SO8GePsQrsvC57EnZhgbzw0eGbm9y24PBvQSzF9RXe2FPGTsVq4czVMZ_mxvxy7JZUm4XlyiD8ugfgkrnLhwLZyiprnpA59J/w400-h266/5d853f799c9db.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Grave</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-_QKqhF4yWcPVwqPH605CDBn7aqooRr1eQ7R5oa8GiAQkTxz0TxiZVvLoLGVGb6TI_g0PjQYhU4g1zEzSI99LM9I2i_zS7yexyKKSrz9-ipqDbNgo6rvOrjtjRbzCPj-x5bOZhwNsi4Ge8HMBUQMlxFKFDngwXaOeaSIIYEJXCg9gtWb2XtJoG9lI/s4608/026%20Panagoulis.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3456" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-_QKqhF4yWcPVwqPH605CDBn7aqooRr1eQ7R5oa8GiAQkTxz0TxiZVvLoLGVGb6TI_g0PjQYhU4g1zEzSI99LM9I2i_zS7yexyKKSrz9-ipqDbNgo6rvOrjtjRbzCPj-x5bOZhwNsi4Ge8HMBUQMlxFKFDngwXaOeaSIIYEJXCg9gtWb2XtJoG9lI/w300-h400/026%20Panagoulis.JPG" width="300" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Map</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY28a0OIQFD7r7amhC4Hld3GxBdWmzpiUf0JL5H-gcN4CVyWYU8IdGd28IzZE0m9a_I8oQkIVJcbldygZsALEuIE0kTzRmGuGs5KvyRdktdrOfE6w3ApTMGlIwKTg6x36F2EWJzwxe8tpFatopR6LNJR_6JhwdO4ZTTloEMzILl7ZE6eC7TzO0Ui1N/s2513/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Panagoulis.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2513" data-original-width="2280" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY28a0OIQFD7r7amhC4Hld3GxBdWmzpiUf0JL5H-gcN4CVyWYU8IdGd28IzZE0m9a_I8oQkIVJcbldygZsALEuIE0kTzRmGuGs5KvyRdktdrOfE6w3ApTMGlIwKTg6x36F2EWJzwxe8tpFatopR6LNJR_6JhwdO4ZTTloEMzILl7ZE6eC7TzO0Ui1N/w580-h640/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Panagoulis.JPG" width="580" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">1 is Spiros Petroulis, 2 is Grigoris Lambrakis, 3 is Elene
Papadaki, 4 is Alexandros Panagoulis, 5 is Odysseos Androutsos, 6 is Kitsis
Maltezos, 7, is Theodoros Deligiannis, and 8 is Ion Dragoumis.<span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjUPsEXdwu_Rm3pVsDvTAf-DyLAHO77vqI3TFlcqqKIfqlkLNiGzI5ao0x0OgYOF3RJw3yy3EQGbuvvDcV_SYUgokmjsDRrtZiv5af1n5s7emaJvqlB0nJHklRLasyYP4mPN8Zv4seSgRnVaJ_Ea0wE1TIhR6FNTqhidFQxqt8vzlEePUOQP4hmz9m/s2523/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20nurders%20numbers.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2523" data-original-width="2163" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjUPsEXdwu_Rm3pVsDvTAf-DyLAHO77vqI3TFlcqqKIfqlkLNiGzI5ao0x0OgYOF3RJw3yy3EQGbuvvDcV_SYUgokmjsDRrtZiv5af1n5s7emaJvqlB0nJHklRLasyYP4mPN8Zv4seSgRnVaJ_Ea0wE1TIhR6FNTqhidFQxqt8vzlEePUOQP4hmz9m/w549-h640/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20nurders%20numbers.JPG" width="549" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 3cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(2)</span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The aura of police state comment comes
from page 5 of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The breakdown of
Parliamentary Democracy in Greece 1965-67</i> by Charles C. Moskos Jr.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
<b>National Guard Defence Battalions</b> (</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Τάγματα</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Εθνοφυλακής</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Αμύνης</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) were formed in September 1948,
during the Greek Civil War by the army general staff. It enlisted men with proven
"anticommunist" credentials. This meant that many from the infamous
security battalions formed by the Nazis during the German occupation continued
as part of the state apparatus in the 50s and 60s. It was not disbanded until
1982 when PASOK leader Andreas Papandreou was in power.</span></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(3)</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
left wing plot, named <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aspida</i> was
never proved, nor was its counterpart, the so called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pericles Plan</i> of the army’s right wing faction in 1961. There were
a lot of plots at the time. The army was a hotbed of intrigue because every
change in the political climate could mean either advancement or retirement, or
worse.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(4)</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Greece has undergone so many coups
in its short history that one can google <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">coups
in Greece </i>and get a helpful and long list. </span></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(5)</span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The word<span style="color: red;"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Τυραννοκτόνος</span></b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
has had a positive spin since ancient times. It loses something in the
translation. In an interview held after his liberation, Italian journalist </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriana_Fallaci" title="Oriana Fallaci"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Oriana Fallaci</span></a><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
quoted Panagoulis as saying: <i>I didn’t want to kill a man. I’m not capable of
killing a man. I wanted to kill a tyrant</i></span><i></i></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(6)</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Page
89 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">of Britain, Greece, and the Colonels:
Between Pragmatism and Human Rights</i> by Constantinos A Maraghou. The
tendency of foreign governments is to try secret diplomacy, some of it pretty
half-hearted. That was the despair of those Greeks opposing the junta.
Countries like Sweden just called it what it was – illegal and wrong.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(7)</span></b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Because of his fame and ill health, Theodorakis who had first been
imprisoned by the Junta, was released in 1970, and went abroad to aid the
resistance with speeches and musical concerts.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(8)</span></b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Greek political parties change their names with startling
regularity. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1974 ERE became New
Democracy, the Centre Union became the Centre Union New Force and Pasok was
newly minted that year. It would be safe to say New Democracy represented the
conservative element, the Centre Union New Force the social democratic element,
and Pasok, by its founder’s own definition, socialists. In that election, New Democracy
got 220 seats, The Centre Union New Force 60, and PASOK 12. Those numbers would
change dramatically in a few short years!</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sources</span></b></p>
<p><a href="https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/ekke/article/download/7139/6858/0"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/ekke/article/download/7139/6858/0</span></a><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An American view by a Greek and really good
on background.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;"><a href="https://books.google.gr/books?id=94F-Y6PKLfwC&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=Panagoulis+Poems+by+theodorakis&source=bl&ots=qTvYI02ZpO&sig=ACfU3U2_7Yow-aI7qt_KxzhFoTruf4O4iQ&hl=el&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwilte3E9fD4AhV0if0HHdzmCVEQ6AF6BAgvEAM#v=onepage&q=Panagoulis%20Poems%20by%20theodorakis&f=false"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https://books.google.gr/books?id=94F-Y6PKLfwC&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=Panagoulis+Poems+by+theodorakis&source=bl&ots=qTvYI02ZpO&sig=ACfU3U2_7Yow-aI7qt_KxzhFoTruf4O4iQ&hl=el&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwilte3E9fD4AhV0if0HHdzmCVEQ6AF6BAgvEAM#v=onepage&q=Panagoulis%20Poems%20by%20theodorakis&f=false</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>from the Book Mikis Theodorakis
– the Greek soul by George Logothetis</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.mixanitouxronou.gr/alekos-panagoylis-o-anthropos-poy-perifronise-toys-vasanistes-toy-kai-ekane-tesseris-apopeires-apodrasis/"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://www.mixanitouxronou.gr/alekos-panagoylis-o-anthropos-poy-perifronise-toys-vasanistes-toy-kai-ekane-tesseris-apopeires-apodrasis/</span></a><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Η ΔΙΚΗ ΤΩΝ ΒΑΣΑΝΙΣΤΩΝ-ΕΑΤ ΕΣΑ 1967-1974, μια
ταινία του Θεοδόση Θεοδοσόπουλου </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">on</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">youtube</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnQS7J--wzE"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">://</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">www</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">youtube</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">com</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">/</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">watch</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">?</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">v</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">=</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">hnQS</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">7</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">J</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">--</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">wzE</span></a><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.gr/entry/prodemosieese-alexandros-panayoeles-proves-thanatoe_gr_626be912e4b04a9ff89b3554"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">://</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">www</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">huffingtonpost</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">gr</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">/</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">entry</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">/</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; 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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Georgos Gennimatas </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ΓΕΩΡΓΟΣ ΓΕΝΝΗΜΑΤΑΣ</span></b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><p></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Born June 1939, Athens<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died April 1994, Athens</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Fofi Gennimata<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ΦΟΦΙ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ΓΕΝΝΕΜΑΤΑ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p>
<h2><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Born
November 1964, Athens<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died October 2021, Athens</span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoa4jg3BLAUFnZ3OprBnie_Z2glSmZjfI6_86qax3wru7c4MbImU7OseueHUur3nvvDF4CazlVZLJtRL-GpM4a_hJXqHgfWgR8ABtYEBli9oYW9QrWtAG4qygAMlZjH9rn-hd-vy3EAjHaoaNWdT4iDvpWc8PU6Y7k69_BZYzRzyIdkjPF5oCq6h1L/s640/IMG_20220205_105429.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoa4jg3BLAUFnZ3OprBnie_Z2glSmZjfI6_86qax3wru7c4MbImU7OseueHUur3nvvDF4CazlVZLJtRL-GpM4a_hJXqHgfWgR8ABtYEBli9oYW9QrWtAG4qygAMlZjH9rn-hd-vy3EAjHaoaNWdT4iDvpWc8PU6Y7k69_BZYzRzyIdkjPF5oCq6h1L/w480-h640/IMG_20220205_105429.jpg" width="480" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">PLAZA, Number 80A</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The idea that politics is a family affair
in Greece goes right back to the founding of the modern state. Greek freedom
fighters fathered children who eased into government positions, sometimes on
the fame of their name, but also because of a real desire to be of service to the
country. Until the First World War, it was practically de rigueur to have had a
grandfather or great grandfather who was a fighter, a prime minister, or a
minister in one or more of the many governments that the 19<sup>th</sup> and
early 20<sup>th</sup> century produced. This tendency is no less evident in
modern times when three members of the Papandreou family have served as prime
ministers since 1960 and the Mitsotakis clan has produced two Prime Ministers,
and two mayors of Athens. No one seems surprised or unduly wary when the son or
daughter of a prominent politician chooses to carry the family torch on into a
new generation and it is also a fact that, in many cases, political families
have served Greece well. This is particularly true in the Case of Georgos
Gennimatas and his daughter Fotini (Fofi). </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Georgos Gennimatas was one of the
earliest followers of Andreas Papandreou and his socialist PASOK party and was
instrumental in forming <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the Party’s
agenda in the 80s. He was given many portfolios but it was as Minister of
Health that he is remembered. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He held
that portfolio when the National Health care system (ESY) was introduced in
1983. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whatever its systemic flaws, ESY has
benefitted the nation to such an extent that it would be hard to find a Greek citizen
who does not today see free and local healthcare as a human right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His daughter Fofi entered politics in 2000, became
the head of PASOK in 2015 and managed to lead it towards a more centrist
position that is in keeping with the temper of the times. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both were engaging personalities: hard working
and low key. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They both died young, a
fact that gives their careers real poignancy. In a country so bitterly divided
by political factions, they were respected by everyone who knew them – no mean
feat.</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2EhCxUIx_zGMcwXBQwRKHQVx8evPidZSQSa7YrEvK11sNAulbNTUVvlbHTzHYUhCya3FFovgBf_o9b5sxFhOmDsVXk8v_qO8MIH_D-gUDRkue4nkRgpI4C1jizttVSsvtQprydNRI8ygwM_3XaaSVR3Y4w3lVH8kkGpxhgN30egX_m9qjC45lAUre/s640/%CE%A6%CE%A9%CE%A6%CE%97%20%CE%9A%CE%91%CE%99%20%CE%93%CE%99%CE%A9%CE%A1%CE%93%CE%9F%CE%A3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="400" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2EhCxUIx_zGMcwXBQwRKHQVx8evPidZSQSa7YrEvK11sNAulbNTUVvlbHTzHYUhCya3FFovgBf_o9b5sxFhOmDsVXk8v_qO8MIH_D-gUDRkue4nkRgpI4C1jizttVSsvtQprydNRI8ygwM_3XaaSVR3Y4w3lVH8kkGpxhgN30egX_m9qjC45lAUre/w250-h400/%CE%A6%CE%A9%CE%A6%CE%97%20%CE%9A%CE%91%CE%99%20%CE%93%CE%99%CE%A9%CE%A1%CE%93%CE%9F%CE%A3.jpg" width="250" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8cQXxeT2NEi1GBA_9tK6Kd-BKwTOKhy7ylcH6paGoRIxto039nmPgBIb2IRBdoMsXcOadvU0IUDSm7CqlnQeo_Sv5J37DDs4dHGa7_vHeXYmOJd48SSS22dfk5qhUEyyt5vBo2Tv2r07IAQJE3Te8Bey8hgOSTh-A8UpInmX8O__RomzSxA-7tmOC/s262/%CE%93%CE%95%CE%A9%CE%A1%CE%93%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A3%20%CE%93%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%9D%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%A3%20%CE%A6%CE%A9%CE%A4%CE%9F.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="193" data-original-width="262" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8cQXxeT2NEi1GBA_9tK6Kd-BKwTOKhy7ylcH6paGoRIxto039nmPgBIb2IRBdoMsXcOadvU0IUDSm7CqlnQeo_Sv5J37DDs4dHGa7_vHeXYmOJd48SSS22dfk5qhUEyyt5vBo2Tv2r07IAQJE3Te8Bey8hgOSTh-A8UpInmX8O__RomzSxA-7tmOC/w400-h295/%CE%93%CE%95%CE%A9%CE%A1%CE%93%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A3%20%CE%93%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%9D%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%A3%20%CE%A6%CE%A9%CE%A4%CE%9F.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Georgos was
born in Athens in 1939. His father, Theodoros Gennimatas, who hailed from the
Mani, was a great influence. He was a lawyer and economist who became an
advisor to the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA),
an agency first formed after 1943 to offer aid to victims of the war and would
later become an advisor to the American embassy in Greece. His mother, Fotini,
came from Simi, a small island in the Dodecanese between Rhodes and the Turkish
mainland. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aside from his family seeking
refuge in Thalames in the Mani during the civil war, Georgos spent his childhood
years in Athens and attended high school in the Plaka where he excelled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a civil engineering student at the Athens Polytechnic
University he supported the Cyprus efforts to expel the British and join Greece
and then became a member of the Centre-Union party of Georgios Papandreou, a new
party with social democratic ideals that would be thwarted by the military
dictatorship that took over in Greece in 1967. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1962,
Georgos was diagnosed with Addison’s disease, a debilitating ailment <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that he would not allow to slow him down in spite
of the difficulties it engendered. In 1964 He married Katerina (Kakia) Vergou the
childhood sweetheart he had met during his family’s holidays on the island of Simi.
Throughout his life he would refer to her as his muse and Simi as his refuge
from the political fray. They had two daughters, Fotini (Fofi) and Mary.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1EU-fgi58QeB5UEuA7yy1RnB7YUXiYMWnb9HRfdNkq3sRH9OzNLHbe-INMbM-F0xnSFCf_0sc0VCzOyvSsvKnmK25rRxlmsO-TAvyTiXO9N15rVJ_pP-_W6bruo8dmCS0sTja0YdUw8i6sCbsfgRRZWJsANTDwIPwTdtPwqoU1f4Ivs2mKKXqxIIJ/s398/kakia%20%CE%BC%CE%B5%20%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%82%20%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%82%20%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="381" data-original-width="398" height="383" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1EU-fgi58QeB5UEuA7yy1RnB7YUXiYMWnb9HRfdNkq3sRH9OzNLHbe-INMbM-F0xnSFCf_0sc0VCzOyvSsvKnmK25rRxlmsO-TAvyTiXO9N15rVJ_pP-_W6bruo8dmCS0sTja0YdUw8i6sCbsfgRRZWJsANTDwIPwTdtPwqoU1f4Ivs2mKKXqxIIJ/w400-h383/kakia%20%CE%BC%CE%B5%20%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%82%20%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%82%20%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Kakia with Fofi and
Mary</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">From 1964
Georgos worked in the Agricultural bank and rose through the ranks for the next
19 years. From 1974 until 1979 he was also the head of the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Union of Civil Engineers in Greece. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In the
aftermath of the political dictatorship of the colonels (1967-1974), many liberals
felt that the conservative government of Constantinos Karamanlis was not moving
the country forward. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gennimatas joined
PASOK (the Panhellenic Socialist Movement), the party created and dominated by
Andreas Papandreou in 1974 and quickly became an important member of that
party’s inner circle. In 1981 he ran for election and won, as did PASOK which ousted
the conservatives and formed Greece’s first stable socialist government.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Gennimatas became
Minister of the Interior. During his tenure, civil marriage was legalized for
the first time, and the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 295.45pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBfsQv5-acUCqDsTwc500r7NngXwwUUcILmN_3JuVXjxVLKYNFnpij81FInY2QUEqaEdUPWYVcfpRKUfSJIXdV9ZeCyD1DsiJINAcpaEH_VypWjUsoFK0SbR1ilGCMt5H5g8dRUgRnf8zXoTcyZr3lgqQTByruOvxUJboAHKgpbt6QRibVK836hPLv/s640/gennimatas2%20%CE%9C%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A1%CE%97,%20%CE%A0%CE%91%CE%A0%CE%91%CE%99%CE%A9%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%9D%CE%9F%CE%A5%20%CE%93%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%9D%CE%91%CE%A3%20%CE%93%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%9D%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%A3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="434" data-original-width="640" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBfsQv5-acUCqDsTwc500r7NngXwwUUcILmN_3JuVXjxVLKYNFnpij81FInY2QUEqaEdUPWYVcfpRKUfSJIXdV9ZeCyD1DsiJINAcpaEH_VypWjUsoFK0SbR1ilGCMt5H5g8dRUgRnf8zXoTcyZr3lgqQTByruOvxUJboAHKgpbt6QRibVK836hPLv/w400-h271/gennimatas2%20%CE%9C%CE%95%CE%A1%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A1%CE%97,%20%CE%A0%CE%91%CE%A0%CE%91%CE%99%CE%A9%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%9D%CE%9F%CE%A5%20%CE%93%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%9D%CE%91%CE%A3%20%CE%93%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%9D%CE%97%CE%9C%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%A3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">From right to left: Miltiadis
Pappaioannou, Melina Merkouri, Georgos Gennimatas, Sostas Yitonas and Thanasis
Tsouras. Miltiadis Pappaioannou and Thanasis Tsouras would become close
personal friends.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Gennimatas supported
the return of the Greek political refugees who had fled the country after the
Second World War and the Greek Civil War. They were approximately 100,000
strong, spread out into Czechoslovakia, Poland, the Soviet Union, Hungary,
Romania, Bulgaria, and East Germany. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
argued that the existing laws against their return to the political and social
life of Greece was a step backward, that it was time to heal old wounds and, as
he put it in one interview: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">to build on the ruins of the war with new
blueprints that can give the Greek people the strength and power to live and
thrive.</i> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(1)</span></b>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The law allowing their return passed in
December of 1982.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6f33zsbDamroKLkgr70gfHGSv4X35UjHg2LIL9V6cGguFdXMfLfZilnAj4K6uMw0JLz70EjAozYpqceSvMAoTEaSQSKQbO3YZyci04ue9-MVxXPcrFxxN3DCtZ0gociaLuASL9PkyPVlEVPXXm7sBnMaoziC3JQvDvw3sNrGy1KdLdstXKVibpn9I/s400/gennimatas-kakia.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="400" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6f33zsbDamroKLkgr70gfHGSv4X35UjHg2LIL9V6cGguFdXMfLfZilnAj4K6uMw0JLz70EjAozYpqceSvMAoTEaSQSKQbO3YZyci04ue9-MVxXPcrFxxN3DCtZ0gociaLuASL9PkyPVlEVPXXm7sBnMaoziC3JQvDvw3sNrGy1KdLdstXKVibpn9I/w400-h300/gennimatas-kakia.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Gennimatas with his
wife, Kakia</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The National Health System</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">It was
during his time as Minister of Health and Welfare that the law was passed
creating the National Health System, ESY – a revolution in the development of
Greek health care which was previously chaotic and piecemeal. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1953 the conservative government of the
time had made a first effort to establish a Greek wide health network by
obliging medical students to work an obligatory few years in rural areas as
civil servants. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, they left as
soon as they could to lucrative urban centres, leaving the rural population
faced with a revolving door of young doctors whom they never really got to
know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The establishment of ESY was meant
to address the critical problem of primary care throughout the entire country,
especially in rural areas. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It created
urban and rural health centres accessible to all, and free. 150 Health centres
were formed and there were plans for more. The idea was to integrate ESY with
other medical services: to reorganize public hospitals, surgeries and labs, and
to educate more medical personnel throughout the country. It did not all happen
because Gennimatas had to contend with the entrenched vested interests of the
private medical sector. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The 1980s
represent the heyday of PASOK. Its fortunes began to wane in the 90s along with
their charismatic leader’s health and popularity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1989 brought about a caretaker government
because no one party achieved a majority. Gennimatas, a figure acceptable to
all, was chosen to serve as economy minister. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was popular, sincere, low key, hard working
and, above all, a listener <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(2)</span></b><span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He was
diagnosed with lung cancer in January of 1992 and underwent surgery in New York
that same year. Still he ran for election in 1993, won, and became Minister of
Economy under PASOK. But he died on April 25, 1994, just seven months after the
death of his wife who had succumbed after her own 10 year battle with cancer. He
was 55 and she was 54. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He had come
to represent what his daughter would call “the bright side of politics” and he
was mourned on both sides of the aisle. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many
hospitals in Greece bear his name today.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUhpEoPsJAUbbKGSYATP-Yh1qrhDeWEFfaBkxf2LGEO-7X8GQpJ92RiSfuz_GZqAWvscpmei2Kw6Da-MqC-sfkidCKYVXTXH0cMdxcVoSH9kCbjBO4auwCseHACyBD7kNVfcPVtLubRdn8be3tfcn9hMWrK5nXkNPdz7cxKsPZLyNq-wVynpJkKUPZ/s640/greece-symi-island-statue-greek-politician-georgios-gennimatas-port-symi-greece-symi-island-statue-greek-194198510.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="429" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUhpEoPsJAUbbKGSYATP-Yh1qrhDeWEFfaBkxf2LGEO-7X8GQpJ92RiSfuz_GZqAWvscpmei2Kw6Da-MqC-sfkidCKYVXTXH0cMdxcVoSH9kCbjBO4auwCseHACyBD7kNVfcPVtLubRdn8be3tfcn9hMWrK5nXkNPdz7cxKsPZLyNq-wVynpJkKUPZ/w269-h400/greece-symi-island-statue-greek-politician-georgios-gennimatas-port-symi-greece-symi-island-statue-greek-194198510.jpg" width="269" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The bust of Gennimatas
in Thalames Messenia (unknown artist)</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Her Life</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfo34aJvHXd7JafWtPnCYfBNUcRrYSvWpvZk6W6dIfIoXetEeySW6bNmJZiw-Nh0eMUqhAJdNMt1yLeKb1V7hy0-GUk4hABbMPv7Z5lxVHlUp1CewGN4IvrZY2In3GihqRdwRxf1egv-RPhm_pDNtxdS0y9jVA2nlmR0SMhFmhQXIf1xpJvmCVHDq8/s639/%CE%97%20%CE%A6%CE%A9%CE%A6%CE%97%20%CE%9C%CE%99%CE%9B%CE%91%CE%95%CE%99%20%CE%93%CE%99%CE%91%20%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%9D%20%CE%A5%CE%93%CE%95%CE%99%CE%91%20%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%A3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="364" data-original-width="639" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfo34aJvHXd7JafWtPnCYfBNUcRrYSvWpvZk6W6dIfIoXetEeySW6bNmJZiw-Nh0eMUqhAJdNMt1yLeKb1V7hy0-GUk4hABbMPv7Z5lxVHlUp1CewGN4IvrZY2In3GihqRdwRxf1egv-RPhm_pDNtxdS0y9jVA2nlmR0SMhFmhQXIf1xpJvmCVHDq8/w400-h228/%CE%97%20%CE%A6%CE%A9%CE%A6%CE%97%20%CE%9C%CE%99%CE%9B%CE%91%CE%95%CE%99%20%CE%93%CE%99%CE%91%20%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%9D%20%CE%A5%CE%93%CE%95%CE%99%CE%91%20%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%A3.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Fofi was
born in 1964. She and her sister Mary grew up in Athens. She studied political
science at the University of Athens and graduated in 1987 at the age of 22, married
Alexandros Deka, and began a career at the National Bank of Greece. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her greatest difficulty in these years was her
effort to prove the doctors wrong who had told her she could never have
children. Her daughter Aimilia was born in 1996, two years after Fofi had lost both
of her parents in such a short space of time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She would later say that one of her great
regrets was that her parents and her children would never meet. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Fofi had resisted
the idea of following her father into politics, feeling that people would think
she was capitalizing on his name. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
PASOK was in desperate need of new blood and she was persuaded to run for
parliament in the 2000 election, an election she won decisively with 72,000
votes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She proved to be no mere
figurehead, and served as a member of the executive bureau and political council
of PASOK from 2003 to 2009. With the support of PASOK, she ran and became the
governor of the Athens- Piraeus prefecture, a position she held from 2002 until
2007. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Meanwhile
she had divorced, married her second husband, dentist Andreas Tsounis in 2003. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a happy marriage and they had two children
together, Georgo and Katerina. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fofi,
whose life, by this time, was always newsworthy publically hailed her husband
as her pillar of strength. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Life was
good.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTSAtsKh7z2cGpzThCn-dlsoSNHUUS1uHDq5xpDgHrKp4mWGiDhtgBKEblf8g7ir5yh3lg1ES2lrBBl43xXqS0WoGvW_0cJzKKsLj6VHmrIIxHjz5HkGdpQYQF0WGnQuueBc6rS4NwA4zIoVSuWPcriPYq7jRtdXrHHykemQmBgpYwnTDTjWudCg25/s400/fofi_gennimata_paidia3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="312" data-original-width="400" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTSAtsKh7z2cGpzThCn-dlsoSNHUUS1uHDq5xpDgHrKp4mWGiDhtgBKEblf8g7ir5yh3lg1ES2lrBBl43xXqS0WoGvW_0cJzKKsLj6VHmrIIxHjz5HkGdpQYQF0WGnQuueBc6rS4NwA4zIoVSuWPcriPYq7jRtdXrHHykemQmBgpYwnTDTjWudCg25/w400-h313/fofi_gennimata_paidia3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Fofi with her her
children, Aimilia, Katerina, and Georgos</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Then, in 2008,
at the age of 44, she was diagnosed with breast cancer; her son was only two
years old. Her handling of this disease which most Greeks still avoid even naming
was groundbreaking and typical of her personality. She made her diagnosis
public, arguing the importance of psychology –which she believed next in
importance to the science of the disease<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>silence about cancer gains nothing</i>; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">it must not destroy us</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That does not mean it did not shake her world.
She said,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">It is
incredibly difficult to think that your children will grow up without you</i> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">And</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I have learned not to waste a minute
and to see the positive side of things </span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(3)</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 2009, she
was again elected to parliament and in 2010 briefly became Deputy Health and
Welfare Minister and Alternate Minister of Education, under the premiership of
Georgos Papandreou, Andreas’ son and political heir. She became the
spokesperson for PASOK in 2012 and its president in 2015, only the 4<sup>th</sup>
woman ever to head a Greek political party. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">PASOK , which
had been a powerhouse when her father was a minister, was in freefall. The
party that had stormed into power in 1981 on the cry of ‘change’, had failed to
move with the times, had perhaps depended on Andreas Papandreou’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>one man rule for too long, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and had never effectively solved its internal power
struggles.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 2009,
under the leadership of Georgos Papandreou, the party had received 43.92% of
the votes and a mere majority of two with 150 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>seats in parliament. In 2012 it received 13.18
percent of the vote and 41 seats. By 2015 it received 4.7 percent of the vote
and only 13 seats. Syriza, the new far left party had swept into power with a far
more radical position than PASOK. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">This
situation might have sunk any other political leader without a trace, but Fofi,
after several missteps, managed to lead the party into a more centrist position
under a new alliance called KINAL (The Movement for Change) in November, 2017. She
was quick to point out that whereas Andreas Papandreou had led a socialist
party, she was leading KINAL (under the umbrella of PASOK) as a social
democratic party. She had managed to shift the party more towards the centre. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6TTcfCvCmicVWk3-8v-j5hJf_Uiqm5XPNEo0BZp1dJmiMy4XPgvWpXWoiVJOFMCksX99TaMMR893O4FM15dBO3qLBkFSBvlcBYgZHtYGGa0T3Rie5HoARyEKE0g2WCCY7O_NqDERK9PJyy6uMerGYiCYiDCWJYvz98MXInoxTr9uC_GOScpyxI3kR/s344/%CE%A6%20%CE%93.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="146" data-original-width="344" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6TTcfCvCmicVWk3-8v-j5hJf_Uiqm5XPNEo0BZp1dJmiMy4XPgvWpXWoiVJOFMCksX99TaMMR893O4FM15dBO3qLBkFSBvlcBYgZHtYGGa0T3Rie5HoARyEKE0g2WCCY7O_NqDERK9PJyy6uMerGYiCYiDCWJYvz98MXInoxTr9uC_GOScpyxI3kR/w640-h272/%CE%A6%20%CE%93.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">On October
12 of 2021, Fofi had to resign because her cancer had progressed to a point
where even her determination to continue no longer availed. Nine days later she
died at the age of 56.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Her outgoing
personality, humanity, and integrity, meant that she was mourned both by her
own followers and by people who would never have considered giving her their
vote. Like her father before her, she had illuminated the “bright side of
politics”.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Her body lay
in state at the Athens cathedral, the Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis
declared a national day of mourning, and she is buried in her family’s grave in
the Plaza of the First Cemetery.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-34abGXgQnSvziikIqjdkWxTpLIP35qkHqS3OEEC4PCb2avQl9tZwuqNjukoXxJw8aOM7s-jVLeq82K9aCSVF8FSTZVKj1nDzKziSRJGjq3jqiNhfXCvaVrSepdC-qi502ve9rRK9xYLz2cIclbU6mUM8AmCqfJ6E2deNWYEBoc4qAZPtwlZEyfqb/s640/IMG_20220205_105415.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-34abGXgQnSvziikIqjdkWxTpLIP35qkHqS3OEEC4PCb2avQl9tZwuqNjukoXxJw8aOM7s-jVLeq82K9aCSVF8FSTZVKj1nDzKziSRJGjq3jqiNhfXCvaVrSepdC-qi502ve9rRK9xYLz2cIclbU6mUM8AmCqfJ6E2deNWYEBoc4qAZPtwlZEyfqb/w400-h300/IMG_20220205_105415.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Plaza, Number 80A</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Map</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtuoo1_pJhf2md9kv-24DeKJpJLoHxnRfFtUtIJjsK9ps2CSNHMCnTy23ucUdZPlCP7WtH7tQ-s1zUPT-eg9K5Xy-YJuE---BXTQGRPuatGr-F0qPWXShVgdRktuIpO7dKsPjfO6TYStnufHqOarMbj3PeN0S-2lejU8QYG-cda_hnWm-avRm0XbQ9/s2527/map%20at%20entrance%20%20Gennimatas.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2527" data-original-width="2033" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtuoo1_pJhf2md9kv-24DeKJpJLoHxnRfFtUtIJjsK9ps2CSNHMCnTy23ucUdZPlCP7WtH7tQ-s1zUPT-eg9K5Xy-YJuE---BXTQGRPuatGr-F0qPWXShVgdRktuIpO7dKsPjfO6TYStnufHqOarMbj3PeN0S-2lejU8QYG-cda_hnWm-avRm0XbQ9/w514-h640/map%20at%20entrance%20%20Gennimatas.JPG" width="514" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Γεώργιος Γεννηματάς:</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><a href="https://kinimaallagis.gr/gggg/uploads/2020/04/giorgos-gennimatas.pdf?fbclid=IwAR07Zz0po5Xv5BMkDl55UF3ntkQ8mvyI39LvuZfKzNK_Dsi7LHUHcFp76II"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">://</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">kinimaallagis</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">gr</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">gggg</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">uploads</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/2020/04/</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">giorgos</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">-</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">gennimatas</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; 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mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">LHUHcFp</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">76</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">II</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This description gains even more credence because the article<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was published in the conservative leaning
newspaper<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Kathimerini</i> on an
anniversary of his death</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.cnn.gr/politiki/story/295230/apo-ton-giorgo-gennimara-sti-fofi-gennimata-h-sxesi-parera-koris-sti-zoi-kai-tin-poitiki">www.cnn<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span>gr/politiki/story/295230/apo-ton-giorgo-gennimara-sti-fofi-gennimata-h-sxesi-parera-koris-sti-zoi-kai-tin-poitiki</a>
<span style="color: red;"></span></span></p> <br /><p></p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-74054356122106593092022-11-21T02:03:00.008-08:002023-07-05T04:39:16.711-07:00Nikolaos Plastiras<p> </p><p></p><p><!--[if !mso]>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Nikolaos
Plastiras<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">ΠΛΑΣΤΗΡΑΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">Born 1883
in Karditsa<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>Died
1953 in Athens</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYrOcuLoPkZ1v-yJZa1QXg86QjIxr77M3aEnskimX9CvxbS4aq43L5tcYj_HBNmCCEyMddOusI5_apzMokHY9yfqeroiUx3C-RfNdmsUKysAJS9ucEFgg4w-6pzJvYv2xoauSXHXL7C2na48pOdCnL3U9zUPnKtOQv4y9Ncozw8BoqJO3UJfPY-vHW/s2016/IMG_9457(1).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYrOcuLoPkZ1v-yJZa1QXg86QjIxr77M3aEnskimX9CvxbS4aq43L5tcYj_HBNmCCEyMddOusI5_apzMokHY9yfqeroiUx3C-RfNdmsUKysAJS9ucEFgg4w-6pzJvYv2xoauSXHXL7C2na48pOdCnL3U9zUPnKtOQv4y9Ncozw8BoqJO3UJfPY-vHW/w480-h640/IMG_9457(1).jpg" width="480" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Plaza, Number BB</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The more you read Greek history, the harder it
gets to make simple judgements. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soldier Nikolaos
Plastiras was known as the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dark Rider</i> because of his bravery on the
battlefield. Politically, he became an avid Venizelist, and was deeply involved
in 5 military coups (3 successful, 2 not) between 1909 and 1935. In 1922, he
was complicit in the execution of six men who would later be exonerated and later
in one who perhaps did not deserve to die. To make his own story more
complicated, he was himself sentenced to death by the Greek government 1935. He
spent the next decade in exile in France, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>but was still popular enough at home to be named
the titular head of EDES a resistance group formed during the Second World War
which was in need of a respectable figurehead. Towards the end of his life he
was drafted into a brief premiership in 1945 because an acceptable centrist leader
needed to be found and he became Prime Minister again in 1950 and 1951. By that
time, he seems less of a dark rider and more of an aged war horse being paraded
in a political arena where he looks just a tad out of place.</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU482aGYpIHnx9zpofobNN9AHZYmDKAWmlPEFifui71ClO_0RUhi_Rmy_5_v_J_1vvQE2v1w9fHuCqUwlbRGYlbu3ja7yRMPnT6zvG3P-43hxiwLn7TPHIKwPAzkTCVRVSBvOjyrkXx6Kde2MGkZPa0EffeGmy-4V2137slcwAh20o6anDhhUs1l7y/s425/300px-%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82in%201924.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="425" data-original-width="300" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU482aGYpIHnx9zpofobNN9AHZYmDKAWmlPEFifui71ClO_0RUhi_Rmy_5_v_J_1vvQE2v1w9fHuCqUwlbRGYlbu3ja7yRMPnT6zvG3P-43hxiwLn7TPHIKwPAzkTCVRVSBvOjyrkXx6Kde2MGkZPa0EffeGmy-4V2137slcwAh20o6anDhhUs1l7y/w283-h400/300px-%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82in%201924.jpg" width="283" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Plastiras in 1924</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I started out thinking of him as just another
of those military men who gallop through the pages of modern Greek history,
either saving the nation or wreaking havoc, depending on your point of view. But,
against my own prejudices (5 coups!), I have found myself admiring Nikolaos
Plastiras who was certainly a better soldier than a politician, but was a man
who had integrity and who tried to do the right thing during an era when
keeping one's ethical balance was indeed a challenge.</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJtVZK2mSmsKbNOxLrCdv-t_v-Q6obyTtx0iYK7H5ieUhmJ0hdzSLPXvrLJa_B-kCyM2TSrtv4ZDMEBARZIri5o_lwDzaKsQdN0VvdWXlbowXdzQs1SnGTHe-6MTYNc8WMrAa1AYq2PV4iQHS-YA1fAz8q9ouiHA4NM6P9ThKvTpVCNCG_-Nl2wixi/s1200/1%CE%B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="803" data-original-width="1200" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJtVZK2mSmsKbNOxLrCdv-t_v-Q6obyTtx0iYK7H5ieUhmJ0hdzSLPXvrLJa_B-kCyM2TSrtv4ZDMEBARZIri5o_lwDzaKsQdN0VvdWXlbowXdzQs1SnGTHe-6MTYNc8WMrAa1AYq2PV4iQHS-YA1fAz8q9ouiHA4NM6P9ThKvTpVCNCG_-Nl2wixi/w640-h428/1%CE%B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Riding into history in Karditsa</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Nikolaos
was born in 1883 in the area of Karditsa in Thessaly which had only recently become
part of the Greek nation. His father, Christos, was a tailor and his mother,
Stergianos, a weaver. The grandfather after whom he was named had fought with
Georgios Karaiskakis during the battle for Independence, but Thessaly had remained in
the Ottoman sphere when Greece gained its freedom.</span></p><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiODIlMQBYM0fj-8V4JWGf8bkXP4g2hwJb25bJqa3oXUtQ7zIMhGQCaAEsxUzs6c-ZCwL5_cpIVoVd0Ps5xwKIIlV7zntze5N0begWLgCkd2DxU2zMzeLIBKU5Ph9C2zTNJbJpebTv9OjQJ1CVr7O6KpMTJpVwkCb_BWsF1BVBfPtZwYDP_tKE93cXl/s225/thessaly.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiODIlMQBYM0fj-8V4JWGf8bkXP4g2hwJb25bJqa3oXUtQ7zIMhGQCaAEsxUzs6c-ZCwL5_cpIVoVd0Ps5xwKIIlV7zntze5N0begWLgCkd2DxU2zMzeLIBKU5Ph9C2zTNJbJpebTv9OjQJ1CVr7O6KpMTJpVwkCb_BWsF1BVBfPtZwYDP_tKE93cXl/w400-h400/thessaly.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
</span><p>
</p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> Thessaly
was acquired in 1881</span></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">He began
his schooling in Vounesi (today’s Morfovouni) and went on to High School in
Karditsa. His family were not wealthy and, since the only sure way of
advancement for a likely lad of his class was the army, it is not surprising
that he joined as volunteer in 1903 and officially in 1904 becoming a sergeant,
then a sergeant major.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was during the
period of the undeclared war to wrest Macedonia from the Ottomans. Contributing to the struggle there was his first baptism into active duty</span><span style="font-size: medium;">.
</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">1909: The Goudi Coup</span></b></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Five
years passed and Nikolaos found himself as one of the many non-commissioned
officers unhappy with the army's slow rate of advancement, its failure to
modernize, and the lack of meritocracy in the ranks. It was especially galling
to have crown prince Constantine still in command after the debacle of the
1897 war between Greece and the Ottomans in which Greece had suffered an
ignominious defeat. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He joined the newly
formed Military League, an organization begun by a group of frustrated NCOs. The
government tried various ways to suppress them and matters came to a head in
August 1909 when they arrested two of its leaders. The League then marched from
their Goudi barracks on the outskirts of Athens to the city centre and staged
their coup. </span></p>
<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ianE82ujjmKPx2WnButigXqrI0tRDf8n2hdpv9eVnL19gW3NnDycUpgPdCx8GXNvu-a5RsMeyqld-5dsiDfT7KO4rA1D-XQnono98-r5vqT1YbjJ-VD_wqUZroelotNUvirpPD-1TKvpD_akH-LItsX2dxs_rDylJ2S6elMmdl3P3xFjexaVIU6A/s945/Goudi_coup_poster.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="734" data-original-width="945" height="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ianE82ujjmKPx2WnButigXqrI0tRDf8n2hdpv9eVnL19gW3NnDycUpgPdCx8GXNvu-a5RsMeyqld-5dsiDfT7KO4rA1D-XQnono98-r5vqT1YbjJ-VD_wqUZroelotNUvirpPD-1TKvpD_akH-LItsX2dxs_rDylJ2S6elMmdl3P3xFjexaVIU6A/w640-h498/Goudi_coup_poster.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
Goudi Coup: the people praise the army while Greece herself tramples on the old
order – a dragon of course</span>.</span></i></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">It turned
out to be a months-long confrontation during which the soldiers tried to rally
the populace to their cause and the government tried various devices (including
changing prime ministers) to stall their momentum. In October of the same year,
the League took a new tack. A delegation headed to Crete to meet with
Eleftherios Venizelos, then Prime Minister of the semi-autonomous island and no
great friend of the Greek monarchy. Venizelos, already a consummate politician
and negotiator, saw an opportunity but one that had to be handled
carefully.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He advised the League members
to return to Athens. He would arrive on his own in December - to mediate. </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Both
sides welcomed him. Changes were promised, new elections were to be held, and Venizelos
was able to persuade the League to dissolve before he returned to Crete. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">However</i>, he did allow allies to place
his name on the Greek electoral candidate list in spite of the fact that he was
not technically a Greek citizen. He not only got elected but so did a majority
of his Greek political admirers. And that is how Venizelos became prime
Minister of Greece in October 1910.</span></p>
<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu-c-ILNUv0tm289j3RpQUYGU5427Rrj7BDKVmzLnnDyjlNNdhLlEjDoOinZZK4cWnc7eOHaiM80CV3Atl5rd-gmM2vnKt64_4rfmv7XGritHLW1MGo0iJGV4jj3_eGb9e1DsULDGdQ04MpIyIxM0Pjb8so6uP76BZ-G2JTC10RJO4J31AeUcs_h9_/s450/doc.20141106.309317.benizelos%201910.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="450" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu-c-ILNUv0tm289j3RpQUYGU5427Rrj7BDKVmzLnnDyjlNNdhLlEjDoOinZZK4cWnc7eOHaiM80CV3Atl5rd-gmM2vnKt64_4rfmv7XGritHLW1MGo0iJGV4jj3_eGb9e1DsULDGdQ04MpIyIxM0Pjb8so6uP76BZ-G2JTC10RJO4J31AeUcs_h9_/w640-h320/doc.20141106.309317.benizelos%201910.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Venizelos
starting a new era of reform in 1910</span></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">By any
definition, the 1909 Goudi coup, the first of many in the twentieth century, was
a huge success for Venizelos personally and for the army which would have
perceived it as a potential blueprint for the future. The enthusiasm of
soldiers like Plastiras must have been dampened slightly by the fact that
Venizelos, ever the pragmatist, soon reinstated the Greek princes (Constantine
and Andrew) into the army: he needed the king’s support for his reforms. <span style="color: red;">(1)</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><b><span style="font-size: medium; mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Between 1910 and 1919</span></b></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Plastiras
then attended<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the Corfu School for non-commissioned
Officers and graduated <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as a second
lieutenant. He fought in both Balkan Wars where he distinguished himself in
many battles and won the soubriquet of Dark Rider. When these wars ended,
Plastiras, now a captain, was stationed in Chios which had been ceded to Greece
in 1913. </span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">The 1916 Coup</span></b></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">In 1916,
as the First World War raged, Venizelos staged his own coup, forming a
government in opposition to the King who wanted to remain neutral. Plastiras and
many others in the military joined him in Thessaloniki. When Venizelos
prevailed, with a little help from the British, he exiled King Constantine
(whom we have met earlier as the crown prince) and his soldier brother Andrew, but
allowed Constantine’s son, prince Alexander, to remain as a kind of puppet
king, very much under the government’s thumb. Plastiras continued his career
fighting on the side of the Entente and taking part in many battles. Because of
his competence and bravery, he was promoted to Major and then to
Lieutenant-Colonel. </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">It was
at this point that Plastiras adopted his first war orphan, a child whose entire
family had been wiped out by the Bulgarians and who was wandering the streets
of a small town in northern Greece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
touched by the youngster’s tragedy and asked the child if he would like to be adopted.
He then sent him to his mother and sister in Karditsa . As time passed, he
would adopt more children (three boys and three girls) and was instrumental in
founding orphanages for many more whose lives had been fragmented by the war.
Plastiras never married. When, in the 1920s, the wealthy Benakis family offered
to shoulder the financial burden of raising his adopted children, Plastiras
refused, saying that they were ‘the happiness of his family’s home’. (He did
later accept a loan from Venizelos for a dowry for one of the girls.)</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTlaGny8WfiiMAMk0uatDFocNia79tSCKQW5fQP_tCX6ZzVy6UfwVTSmx5RSb8-_H9H2uLsyHW5BmXCHmm7J_sHtowm0w9rA_3lcvdwAkQ0QB1rAXlHvnskAYw6eXvKzho-6CEuLy8Gz5cIQatDUkNPAtk6frgUOghBnVdTo0obtsw1mjYRqdkf118/s277/children.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="277" height="389" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTlaGny8WfiiMAMk0uatDFocNia79tSCKQW5fQP_tCX6ZzVy6UfwVTSmx5RSb8-_H9H2uLsyHW5BmXCHmm7J_sHtowm0w9rA_3lcvdwAkQ0QB1rAXlHvnskAYw6eXvKzho-6CEuLy8Gz5cIQatDUkNPAtk6frgUOghBnVdTo0obtsw1mjYRqdkf118/w640-h389/children.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Plastiras
with members of his adopted family</span></i></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">In 1919,
Plastiras returned to Chios as governor of the island. He was so popular that they
declared him an honorary citizen. </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">When
part of the Asia Minor coast was placed under Greek military control in June of
that year, Plastiras and his battalion arrived in Smyrna. This would mark both the
beginning of a three year war with Turkey and the year he achieved the rank of colonel.
During the three year struggle he gained another soubriquet: Black Pepper and his
battalion were called the<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>Devil’s
army. </span></p>
<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMV8UElUWcTzWFHbDrvVZDQglVQbShqlIbUte9uUDl9426uDYr9GCjRQfQsVOwkJSfh2WT1T23DZOylt1RS0Nytr_SYwNn5c_z80fsqVlAzR_t7osgmGxw3rd8yuuB3MA3S4TeWmXjTbUfSFDq2pCS7TAzabyjrAwtpB4BOG___BMXyAmYrzy57YHe/s330/330px-Ionia_within_Greece_(1919).svg.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="278" data-original-width="330" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMV8UElUWcTzWFHbDrvVZDQglVQbShqlIbUte9uUDl9426uDYr9GCjRQfQsVOwkJSfh2WT1T23DZOylt1RS0Nytr_SYwNn5c_z80fsqVlAzR_t7osgmGxw3rd8yuuB3MA3S4TeWmXjTbUfSFDq2pCS7TAzabyjrAwtpB4BOG___BMXyAmYrzy57YHe/w400-h338/330px-Ionia_within_Greece_(1919).svg.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">A map
showing the Smyna zone</span></i></span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Just when Greece
seemed poised to gain the Asia Minor coast and more, Venizelos lost the 1920
elections and went into a self imposed exile in France. It was a tremendous
upset, possibly a result of war weariness. Royalist opposition leader Demetrios
Gounaris had promised to bring the boys home. As a result, Greece lost not only
her most accomplished politician but also the critical support of the British
who were furious when Gounaris’ government brought back King Constantine from
exile (King Alexander had died of a monkey bite in 1920). Britain regarded King
Constantine as hostile to their interests. </span></p><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Inexplicably, in spite of their
election promise the new government decided to continue the struggle, this
time, with Prince Andrew and other military leaders in charge. The upshot: a
chaotic retreat, the burning of Smyrna, many thousands dead, and the end of the
Great Idea of Greek expansionism. </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Plastiras,
true to form, had fought bravely and engineered his soldiers’ retreat in good
order while also caring for civilians in the path of his retreat to the sea at
Tseme.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxWvGVUx_MdkmwkFd9ENfpdE6ii69LBmzp6RZUy3m4iRVY0Akvhwtl9mlpATS5mkvpPZRJBydhDYg57gyXmBW16-Jub1A1cFtgITnqoJ4tfNEHx7-h2v_hvpdlAL0mK0ZYtUq7w6UoSjAzY_lJbHQjTMj2DA4SIDs78LVKR_FDToYJTFffDSUfq1UI/s781/PLASTIRAS-1922.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="565" data-original-width="781" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxWvGVUx_MdkmwkFd9ENfpdE6ii69LBmzp6RZUy3m4iRVY0Akvhwtl9mlpATS5mkvpPZRJBydhDYg57gyXmBW16-Jub1A1cFtgITnqoJ4tfNEHx7-h2v_hvpdlAL0mK0ZYtUq7w6UoSjAzY_lJbHQjTMj2DA4SIDs78LVKR_FDToYJTFffDSUfq1UI/w400-h289/PLASTIRAS-1922.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Plastiras
in Asia Minor</span></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">The 1922 Coup</span></b></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Greeks
were devastated and angry at the enormity of their defeat. The search for those
responsible began almost immediately and fell squarely on the royalist
government and some members of the Greek high command. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Plastiras, from Chios where he and his army had
been evacuated, along with Colonel Stykianos Gonatas on Lesvos and navy
Commander Dimitrios Fokas. formed a Revolutionary Commitee that September which spearheaded
the coup. This led to the government’s resignation, King Constantine’s abdication,
the ascension to the throne of his son George, and the return of Venizelos at
Plastiras’request to negotiate (from the difficult position of a the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">losing</i> side)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>what would become the 1923 Treaty of
Lausanne. It was a treaty that only someone with Venizelos’ diplomatic skills
could have brokered.</span></p>
<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNFO_84UMIUTe2lJekYHP8kBvABO-3prqcgxbpHa5wJx6mujiX1EA5qOk6cVablRJP1zFb45nwyD-Ly8nxWbff71n-KSGtsC0RAqmg13k0Kc5Haz-I2jaurJrkPFDy5WnCqISsaWsxV_J5u7G45l5sykvFUBLdmmZaymGaRPLT1UAfNiOfuo3Ky06T/s1024/gonatas%20and%20plastiras%20arrive%20in%20athens%201922.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="762" data-original-width="1024" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNFO_84UMIUTe2lJekYHP8kBvABO-3prqcgxbpHa5wJx6mujiX1EA5qOk6cVablRJP1zFb45nwyD-Ly8nxWbff71n-KSGtsC0RAqmg13k0Kc5Haz-I2jaurJrkPFDy5WnCqISsaWsxV_J5u7G45l5sykvFUBLdmmZaymGaRPLT1UAfNiOfuo3Ky06T/w400-h297/gonatas%20and%20plastiras%20arrive%20in%20athens%201922.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Plastiras
and other coup leaders being welcomed in Athens after the 1922 coup</span></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">No one,
except some members of the international community, complained when several
politicians and military leaders were court martialed by an extraordinary
military tribunal especially created by the Revolutionary Committee . Six (5
politicians and one general) <span style="color: red;">(2) </span>were sentenced
to death for treason. Venizelos did not interfere. He later claimed that he
would have asked for clemency after the verdict, but the six were executed
within hours of their conviction – possibly to prevent just that. Only Prince
Andrew escaped a trial at the insistence of Britain. He was evacuated with his
family (including the future Prince Phillip of England) and spent the rest of
his life in exile. Professional soldiers like Plastiras no doubt felt that
their fate was richly deserved. </span></p>
<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgclnKp2e4Mn2x9RCcU8gtp6ICer_3oNkiR-NEG_N1NT7Vl1iG5G0uRO1XYxveAE61KeiaYwfT14PTUuTvX1Xj5XRxUpkyeXQwwODZI8aKU_o-TXvkS86x0xG0AnUXF8-UOG2nBTaXWQezr38Utsek6TCub6ugwsO5anHRLmkyrnO6RDDaf_vAOHwL_/s285/trial%20of%20the%206.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="177" data-original-width="285" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgclnKp2e4Mn2x9RCcU8gtp6ICer_3oNkiR-NEG_N1NT7Vl1iG5G0uRO1XYxveAE61KeiaYwfT14PTUuTvX1Xj5XRxUpkyeXQwwODZI8aKU_o-TXvkS86x0xG0AnUXF8-UOG2nBTaXWQezr38Utsek6TCub6ugwsO5anHRLmkyrnO6RDDaf_vAOHwL_/w400-h248/trial%20of%20the%206.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The
six during their trial</span></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Between
1922 and 1924, Plastiras had done his best to take care of the needs of the
Asia Minor refugees in Greece. He would come to be idolized by many who named
their children after him and hung his picture in their makeshift homes. The
Coup leaders relinquished their hold in 1924, just in time for the civilian
government to create the Second Hellenic Republic. By then Plastiras had retired
with the rank of Lieutenant General and in gratitude was awarded the title "Worthy
of the Fatherland</span><span style="font-size: medium;">” <b><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span></i></b><b><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Άξιος</span></i></b><b><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></b><b><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">της</span></i></b><b><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></b><b><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Πατρίδος</span></i></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) by the nation.<span style="color: red;"> </span>He was in his forty first year.<i><span style="color: red;"> </span></i></span></b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the following years, Plastiras dealt with a bout of tuberculosis and
divided his time between Italy and Greece. Politicians, meanwhile, had to deal
with a changed Greece whose population had swollen by close to one and a half
million refugees and whose needs would be a destabilizing force for many years.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A coup and counter coup in 1925-6 did
not help and, when in 1928 Venizelos again entered the political arena and
gained 223 seats out of 250, Venizelists like Plastiras had high hopes for a
reprise of the successful decade after his first election to parliament in
1910.</span></b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It was not to be.</span></b></span></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Wall Street crash of 1929, a host of other economic woes, and the
slow rise of the communist party </span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(3)</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> in the 20’s offered much more radical
solutions than the Liberal Party. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even
Venizelos’ friendship pact with Turkey in 1930, a tremendous diplomatic
accomplishment, had alienated many refugees because it included a clause
disallowing them from seeking compensation for property lost in Turkey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All this contributed to Venizelos losing in
1933 to Tsaldaris, the royalist leader of the conservative People’s Party.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A disappointed Plastiras initiated an unsuccessful coup that even Venizelos
could not support and he fled to France to avoid repercussions </span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(4)</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span></b></span><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> He tried another
unsuccessful coup in March 1935, this time with Venezelos’ blessing. But these
were not the heady days of the 1909 and 1916 coups. Venizelos fled to France
where he died a year later. Both he and Plastiras were tried in absentia and
sentenced to death</span>.</span></b></p>
<p><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimOfuZIYi7c1ozzL-Jx8BQoDopWtofIUumvq0hYHV7XR6mrs89orzV_M9MsWTP7YYW305KoZwk5HTZSzDTKRyItoBnCNx6AtXkmtxAMai89oCms-7rUZTCzC-O1-1TM8EsGYLEJG_fYnHHlIr8o-mX0wOUTpCtkNNn1-EuUGUdtieN7JSecZsigmSa/s2952/Eleftherios_Venizelos,_portrait_1935.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2952" data-original-width="2558" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimOfuZIYi7c1ozzL-Jx8BQoDopWtofIUumvq0hYHV7XR6mrs89orzV_M9MsWTP7YYW305KoZwk5HTZSzDTKRyItoBnCNx6AtXkmtxAMai89oCms-7rUZTCzC-O1-1TM8EsGYLEJG_fYnHHlIr8o-mX0wOUTpCtkNNn1-EuUGUdtieN7JSecZsigmSa/w346-h400/Eleftherios_Venizelos,_portrait_1935.jpg" width="346" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Venizelos in 1935</span></i></b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After a plebiscite that no one believed reflected public opinion, King
George was brought back in Triumph in 1935 and in 1936, he named future
dictator Ioannis Metaxas as his prime minister. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Plastiras stayed in exile in France during the
Metaxas dictatorship and during the Italian campaign and German occupation. He
might have been confined to the dust heap of history were he not still popular enough
to be persuaded to become titular head of EDES, a resistance movement meant to
counter the left wing EAM_ELAS because its leader on the ground, Napoleon Zerva
did, not have a sterling reputation.</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(5)</span></b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;">The Centre Could not Hold...</span></b></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This same reputation for integrity came into play after 1944 when the
newly returned from exile Greek government, backed by British troops arrived in
Athens and almost immediately became embroiled in pitched battles in Athens
between EAM-ELAS and their own forces which led to bloodshed in December 1944</span></b>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">(the so called Dekemvriana (<i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Δεκεμβριανά)</span></i></span><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span></b></span><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWak9Bpo-Wkha_bWFzGxheYL5cgfAVT2RW8yhpb1dp1l38LeS1_ZYAMBN4CzuQ_PrxIRWowhQBKRhFy8D7ybst_A01eLYfVDllgt-DUl3GJY2nFXJdsYQ2yexs4g9mE_b3-wrCAqDdRTbjk4Rd0LJw5GkMGr9XBtIzy8svfzedi0Fb6D8izd8qshCe/s1920/decembriana.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWak9Bpo-Wkha_bWFzGxheYL5cgfAVT2RW8yhpb1dp1l38LeS1_ZYAMBN4CzuQ_PrxIRWowhQBKRhFy8D7ybst_A01eLYfVDllgt-DUl3GJY2nFXJdsYQ2yexs4g9mE_b3-wrCAqDdRTbjk4Rd0LJw5GkMGr9XBtIzy8svfzedi0Fb6D8izd8qshCe/w400-h225/decembriana.webp" width="400" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The government needed to restore trust so they invited Plastiras to
take on the premiership </span></b><span style="font-weight: normal;">because
he was the most acceptable figure to both sides. Plastiras’attempt at finding a
middle ground in 1945 was doomed from the start. There was too much distrust and
political ambition on both sides. Still, during his tenure, the Varkiza
Agreement <span style="color: red;">(6)</span> was signed, possibly the last real
attempt on anyone’s part to avert the coming civil war.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Plastiras
quickly disappointed the government and the British who felt he was too soft on
EAM-ELAS. He was dismissed after only three months in office, ostensibly after
a letter was leaked to the press suggesting that he had flirted with the Nazis
while in exile in an effort to mediate in the Greco-Italian war. <span style="color: red;">(7) </span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Undaunted,
Plastiras founded a new party in 1949 after the civil war: the National
Progressive Centre Union (EPEK). The multi-worded name itself suggests an
attempt to coalesce the varied middle ground of liberals and left leaning
democrats into a force able to counter the conservative political climate of
the time. In 1950 he was part of a short lived liberal coalition and in 1951 in
a longer one in partnership with Venizelos’son, Sophocles. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was unwell and in hospital for much of a
tenure concerned with economic recovery and reconstruction. The most famous
result of that effort was the damming of the Tavropos River west of Karditsa
which created the Lake that now bears his name. </span></p>
<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj31YlzQxfrBAuUgtOUgMgc0nIFXbpwVFbvI-nqXMhFsu0b9FMiXAz171wDp8zb8kZvyhsBc4UeqPe70GAZh7tHSA09rFkpHx9qkMGn4i6GIyoIJKR2xAfRQApuAVRpO4w18s8Qx9csFHo8z3rL6lDY8bK-owp7kcXb-mJ7Q4__kCLv4NrTn8TcHsVl/s278/images.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="182" data-original-width="278" height="419" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj31YlzQxfrBAuUgtOUgMgc0nIFXbpwVFbvI-nqXMhFsu0b9FMiXAz171wDp8zb8kZvyhsBc4UeqPe70GAZh7tHSA09rFkpHx9qkMGn4i6GIyoIJKR2xAfRQApuAVRpO4w18s8Qx9csFHo8z3rL6lDY8bK-owp7kcXb-mJ7Q4__kCLv4NrTn8TcHsVl/w640-h419/images.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Lake
Plastiras today</span></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">On the
downside, his government was in power during the conviction and execution of returned
communist leader </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikos_Belogiannis" title="Nikos Belogiannis"><span color="windowtext" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Nikos Belogiannis</span></a><span style="font-weight: normal;"> in March
1952, despite international protest. There were other efforts on the part of
his government to quell fears of a futher civil war but Plastiras also incurred
the wrath of his own partners when he wanted to release 130 communist prisoners
in detention on Makronissos. It is ironic that this small step for
reconciliation caused the New York Times to call him a communist! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Greeks would not be in the mood for
reconciliation for another thirty years. Some are still not</span>.</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Plastiras
lost the elections of November 1952 and died shortly after in Athens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had never acquired wealth. In his will he
left 216 drachmas and a 10 dollar bill to his adopted daughter Kyriakoula. At
his own request his doctor, Antonios Papaioannou, surgically removed his heart
which lay in a casket in the National Bank for 27 years until, draped in the
Greek flag, it was placed in the folk museum of Karditsa, his home town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Echoing the placing of Byron’s heart in
Messolonghi, Kanaris’ heart in the Historical Museum of Athens, and many other
hearts of Greek heroes preserved over the years suggests that he saw himself in
the same heroic mode. </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimgqODIEaYvRN96oGVhoKa20T7A4xpmBEspC5vR86VuxkMee8O8pFac2B778hJjlxbwOg44sWmDD-BFYRrFMJbWrghzND0lPiPg3Gn-Dx3DzFpDFfYGTbZK5vbTLSYhZtpR7tv3XlWqf_VjUmw_g8ZLSOvymRhbaWX7xbfp4nqIOWc4gR1S47w-5u9/s702/assets_large_t_420_2231270.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="702" data-original-width="468" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimgqODIEaYvRN96oGVhoKa20T7A4xpmBEspC5vR86VuxkMee8O8pFac2B778hJjlxbwOg44sWmDD-BFYRrFMJbWrghzND0lPiPg3Gn-Dx3DzFpDFfYGTbZK5vbTLSYhZtpR7tv3XlWqf_VjUmw_g8ZLSOvymRhbaWX7xbfp4nqIOWc4gR1S47w-5u9/w426-h640/assets_large_t_420_2231270.jpg" width="426" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b> The Grave </b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiocBUtS24cwILYiUE1WO8KOl4Ns7n0I8cxmp1LF9ncI94SEuCym8wPgatQJ9JMNhuBH06hZtypsuIUZ5iQN3EWmVsh5BiDueGaaKGdtDQodqTZ1r_Ix9yvtQOA2Wb4ePhjKaGs-9DCJUQWUAvvttpun4lQ2L6TOl5CywUM2FOehy3M-3U3NGfnR_iS/s2016/IMG_9458.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiocBUtS24cwILYiUE1WO8KOl4Ns7n0I8cxmp1LF9ncI94SEuCym8wPgatQJ9JMNhuBH06hZtypsuIUZ5iQN3EWmVsh5BiDueGaaKGdtDQodqTZ1r_Ix9yvtQOA2Wb4ePhjKaGs-9DCJUQWUAvvttpun4lQ2L6TOl5CywUM2FOehy3M-3U3NGfnR_iS/w480-h640/IMG_9458.jpg" width="480" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /> </b></span><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Plaza, Number B</i></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Map</i></b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6qdwDLznymP8UU-abRFrUrsO3mLFAY32wnfA9NTKuKxHnWjt-OHGh8npDpxoM926Lo9pHMFuL8EX4A49dyFLLzrNYCaBEsBN3vgSqadgbkzOokQoL8eVWh3L73SwYPeiGJJ3v4IlFlFShnZ-SCIsX919yWE2NOy8e8ZNpCrrDGnJO2FUqZZuLy3tX/s1755/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Plastiras.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1755" data-original-width="1463" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6qdwDLznymP8UU-abRFrUrsO3mLFAY32wnfA9NTKuKxHnWjt-OHGh8npDpxoM926Lo9pHMFuL8EX4A49dyFLLzrNYCaBEsBN3vgSqadgbkzOokQoL8eVWh3L73SwYPeiGJJ3v4IlFlFShnZ-SCIsX919yWE2NOy8e8ZNpCrrDGnJO2FUqZZuLy3tX/w534-h640/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Plastiras.JPG" width="534" /></a></i></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsNcNe12kJag2qdjN4LH7tFh5DalU7WK1NdEPHfn5CjAi9iFaxmyY58ZWTqDQ55r6_uRrzXxqEUTds2aYjwuoNT9bLoaY7vUbHSb1kAMjukTLQaIGZexEkD9KHr6-MxuXTrQKKIZ3qVcwNQSuy1uL5v3zQaKI5cmmjRtmpDyZAvTiJgZR_M_FAiI47/s2732/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Plastiras.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></i></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i></span><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Footnotes</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="margin-left: 36.6pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.6pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-palette: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Eleftherios Venezelos perhaps the most astute
politician Greece has ever had. He understood power and expedience and could
charm the birds out of the trees</span><span style="font-size: medium;">. </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">(2)</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrios_Gounaris" title="Dimitrios Gounaris"><span color="windowtext" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Dimitrios Gounaris</span></a><span style="font-weight: normal;">, Georgios Baltatzis , </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaos_Stratos" title="Nikolaos Stratos"><span color="windowtext" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Nikolaos Stratos</span></a><span style="font-weight: normal;">, Nikolaos
Theotokis and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petros_Protopapadakis" title="Petros Protopapadakis"><span color="windowtext" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Petros Protopapadakis</span></a><span style="font-weight: normal;"> and General </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios_Hatzianestis" title="Georgios Hatzianestis"><span color="windowtext" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Georgios Hatzianestis</span></a><span style="font-weight: normal;"> who was the last commander-in-chief of the Asia
Minor campaign. Dora Stratou, the subject of one of our biographies was
Nikolaos Stratos’ daughter.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(3).</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The Communist
Party (first called the Socialist Labour Party) was founded in 1918. Although
never a large percentage of any election, it had disturbed Venizelos’ Liberal
Party enough for them to ban communists from civil service positions such as
teachers. It was banned outright by the Metaxas dictatorship in 1936 and became
for that government, the cause of all social evils. The rest is history...<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(4).</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Apparently
Plastiras was smuggled out of the country in a barrel</span></b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(5)</span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">For the checkered
career of Napoleon Zervas, see </span></b><a href="http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2020/08/naopoleon-zervas.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2020/08/naopoleon-zervas.html</span></a><b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">(6)</span><span style="color: red; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on February 12, 1945 The </span><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Treaty of Varkiza</span><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"> was signed calling for a plebiscite to be held
within the year to resolve constitutional issues. both signatories agreed that
members of the EAM-ELAS would be permitted to participate in political
activities if they surrendered their weapons. Moreover, all civil and political
liberties would be guaranteed and the army would be established as a non
political organization. </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p align="left" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: medium;">(7)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Apparently
the Nazis had approached Plastiras. They considered him a prime taget, SS
Gruppenfurhrer<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nosek was sent to sound
him out. Plastiras would have been delighted if he could have brokered some
sort of deal between Italy and Greece. It would be a stretch to say that made
him a Nazi-sympathiser. Of course many important Greek figures were also
attempting to reach out to Germany before their invasion of Greece.</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Sources</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://www.sansimera.gr/biographies/184</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><br /><p></p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-2355172036440361562022-10-26T07:52:00.008-07:002023-07-09T10:24:57.034-07:00Eleni Boukoura Altamoura<p> </p><p> </p><p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><h2><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Eleni Boukoura Altamoura<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="ykmvie"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ε</span></span><span class="ykmvie"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΛΕΝΗ ΜΠΟΥΚΟΥΡΑ ΑΛΤΑΜΟΥΡΑ </span></span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></h2>
<h2><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Born 1821</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died 1900</span></h2>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkHHSWWhkfDtHyftmhvj1hGaqQVQYk-dY6CzSxXYcV1JZDcI6h3f3egR6svsCf7gs_Mysfl7J13AOtqHyiYL1K1RucWGFASMmXMKXkcnSKR1k0_3Owvwq1W1ZE_WWWuJyAQ_i_NYFixojH3Zdd_SgEBjwRVZxIk0DzFEkY5gNR2e8LKue-68XPHkfD/s640/%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%A6%CE%9F%CE%A3%20%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%A3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkHHSWWhkfDtHyftmhvj1hGaqQVQYk-dY6CzSxXYcV1JZDcI6h3f3egR6svsCf7gs_Mysfl7J13AOtqHyiYL1K1RucWGFASMmXMKXkcnSKR1k0_3Owvwq1W1ZE_WWWuJyAQ_i_NYFixojH3Zdd_SgEBjwRVZxIk0DzFEkY5gNR2e8LKue-68XPHkfD/w480-h640/%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%A6%CE%9F%CE%A3%20%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%A3.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section
One, Number 134</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Let <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">me</i> do the weeping.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">You just write the
reasons</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">in case I’m still</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">in debt to sadness.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I want to have</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">my conscience
clear,</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">that I have been
tortured</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">for everything.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(Kiki Dimoula) <span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc1niX2iYgdYygvzg1p3vJhV83hmO7UyTQeFEwdwsnLDjKOLxGMUbf1E-WrkFLWwXYIBbTbVzmOADMkz2BqfGc7OUKpwvC0VjRa8Sz7CywnbUFzOtkBpuKHdrE7fCTP1WRNaVfngJxZbgWKKIW9b6gpqR2XYzirLcpHGgYd9iagQj2pbIlx5iyCrZ3/s251/index.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="251" data-original-width="201" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc1niX2iYgdYygvzg1p3vJhV83hmO7UyTQeFEwdwsnLDjKOLxGMUbf1E-WrkFLWwXYIBbTbVzmOADMkz2BqfGc7OUKpwvC0VjRa8Sz7CywnbUFzOtkBpuKHdrE7fCTP1WRNaVfngJxZbgWKKIW9b6gpqR2XYzirLcpHGgYd9iagQj2pbIlx5iyCrZ3/w321-h400/index.jpg" width="321" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eleni Boukoura Altamoura, a self-portrait</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the
small island of Spetses, famous for its war heroes Bouboulina and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Andreas Miaoulis, a heroine of a different sort
was born in 1821, the same year as the Greek War of Independence began. Her
name was Eleni Boukoura and she became a painter. Her father, Ioannis, an
Arvanitis <span style="color: red;">(1)</span> like so many in Spetses, was a
member of the Filiki Etairia and a ship master who fought for Greece’s
independence. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ioannis was
a man very much ahead of his time when it came to the education of women. He
had not learned his letters until adulthood, but he wanted his two daughters
and son to receive the best education possible. He moved his family to Nauplio so
that the children could study at the French school there and, subsequently, on to
Athens so his daughters could attend the Hill School <span style="color: red;">(2)
</span>in the Plaka. Getting an education was an uphill battle for talented
women during this era and Eleni had talent. Just how far she and her father
were willing to go to nurture that talent is an amazing tale of daring, adventure,
and ultimately, of tragedy. There is a reason why Eleni’s work is not found in
Athens’ wonderful National Galley today...</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Eleni’s Youth
</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Her talent was
recognized and encouraged early on. At the Hill School Eleni would set up her own
private ‘atelier’ during recess and create portraits of her fellow students.
They were her first models. Because higher education was not open to women in
those days, Ioannis Boukouras encouraged her development by securing private lessons
for her with Italian painter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Raffaello
Ceccoli.</b> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Raffaello Ceccoli was
no run of the mill teacher. An accomplished painter, he had initially come to Greece
with his young daughter in 1837 in a vain attempt to find a cure for her
tuberculosis. He subsequently became a professor at the Athens School of Fine
Arts from 1843 to 1852. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His work can be
seen today in the National Gallery in Athens:</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM5n2MbuimqqxggECVSaJ9gG1L5VkFJ7yd2cpfO4ly5bwB2pmzOocAj8P5qZGlO5LklSvInjm_c2Lyb4cSY8-KhqFMo6r-5sH1kxIVKiAIdSuo-ViYivEV9zf1fedDFbKFNk3bLls8hjUTTnTiAsfXsop7xHFchfwMHVBqfSVdgYJLja7pEJAxqguH/s2000/Ceccoli.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1472" data-original-width="2000" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM5n2MbuimqqxggECVSaJ9gG1L5VkFJ7yd2cpfO4ly5bwB2pmzOocAj8P5qZGlO5LklSvInjm_c2Lyb4cSY8-KhqFMo6r-5sH1kxIVKiAIdSuo-ViYivEV9zf1fedDFbKFNk3bLls8hjUTTnTiAsfXsop7xHFchfwMHVBqfSVdgYJLja7pEJAxqguH/w400-h295/Ceccoli.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ceccoli
painted portraits of Greek war heroes and scenes like the above in the romantic
vein so popular at the time.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Eleni’s young life
was unusual. It was not just her art lessons. There was more. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1844, her father had bought a theatre in Athens
from its Italian owner and became its manager for many decades.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Boukoura Theatre,</i></b> as he
named it, may have been<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>a tad less grand
than the theatres of European capitals, but it was Athens’ first major effort to
emulate them and it was loved and patronized by Athenians during the many years
of its existence. Boukouras never made money on the theatre and, in fact, had
sold a sailing ship, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sea Horse</i> in
order to buy it. He was truly an early benefactor to the state. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is amazing that a mere 10 years after war torn
Athens had become the capital of Greece, it had established both a thriving school
of Fine Arts and a Theatre bringing European culture to its population. The
plan to make Athens into the ‘Paris of the south’ was not an idle one.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoGzOAdd_Cds0xNIa4J9tmPkymMtU6It-uwdfb_2of0UQNGBzDvUskoVNEOa6DpOKj9MnAebQRpuQebpbIb-x52Z0y4B_tzGa3kMYbB3AeZbASwCUzTYb6F9ojcFYPi-V_JfCrSa_6k4iUVTyF2cE4fDYuGG_kwew6qcf18TeE7mcpKbjFHVAmOAUJ/s330/Boukoura_theater.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="202" data-original-width="330" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoGzOAdd_Cds0xNIa4J9tmPkymMtU6It-uwdfb_2of0UQNGBzDvUskoVNEOa6DpOKj9MnAebQRpuQebpbIb-x52Z0y4B_tzGa3kMYbB3AeZbASwCUzTYb6F9ojcFYPi-V_JfCrSa_6k4iUVTyF2cE4fDYuGG_kwew6qcf18TeE7mcpKbjFHVAmOAUJ/w400-h245/Boukoura_theater.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A sketch of
the theatre when it was on its last legs, but you get the idea. Plateia Theatro on Menandrou Street marks the site where the theatre was.<br /></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Eleni must have enjoyed
the rehearsals and performances at her father’s theatre. It would have been exciting
to watch dramas and operas unfold with actors taking on roles so different from
their everyday lives. Perhaps that experience encouraged her to attempt her solo
debut in 1848 - with all of Italy for a stage.<span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Metamorphosis of Eleni</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Her world was a
man’s world. She desperately wanted to be accepted as a student at Italian Schools
of Fine Arts but they, like the Fine Arts School in Athens, prohibited women
from attending. What could be simpler than arriving as a young man in a country
where no one knew her real identity and attending academies there, as a young
man? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">So it happened that,
at the age of 27, Eleni travelled to Italy with her father, and became Chrisinis
Boukouras, a young man in European dress, fully qualified to study at the art
academies of Naples and Rome.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<div align="center">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWxdi1eJKwgRCddwUCknM9Dh62AoLRqovj-IQlSEvX8os1jCh4wL-h7siDSrTGVApyBQN7DFhuXPg26vhAMWuyiseXoOq4yMQVUqLxtFyrxOijGTnK5wa8x9TicCXR5ye8L5o0T8at9XgscSuepV28JbAIUEcGsf8MUh_khJyT72oRXpfYW60Re8td/s679/boukoura-collage1%20-%20Copy%20-%20Copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="679" data-original-width="449" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWxdi1eJKwgRCddwUCknM9Dh62AoLRqovj-IQlSEvX8os1jCh4wL-h7siDSrTGVApyBQN7DFhuXPg26vhAMWuyiseXoOq4yMQVUqLxtFyrxOijGTnK5wa8x9TicCXR5ye8L5o0T8at9XgscSuepV28JbAIUEcGsf8MUh_khJyT72oRXpfYW60Re8td/w265-h400/boukoura-collage1%20-%20Copy%20-%20Copy.jpg" width="265" /></a></div><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 0cm;"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0cm;"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Eleni /
Chrisinis Boukouras studied in Rome and at the Overbeck School in Naples as
well as in Florence. </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">What was Eleni’s state of mind during these years of disguise and study?
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many have speculated. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A gripping novel published in 1998 by Rea
Galanaki, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Eleni, or Nobody,</i></b> offers an introspective and somewhat
melancholy Eleni/Chrisinis.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEXZRyRRSDZjm7PAMBpTapwBHo5_kV-hC5o4R_jIzOWel2PY6bFB8tzGoKMi-vrA-toZR6glHGXB-Na1WpxaT2o6AtNSCPplP7Ah4nUpjpYqRmfn-w-unrA5KEitof5Ey07eyd-zWYRSnHUAoXHBPJp-VOq4Oq9Bm39mzmn6f49gRsHpIjBZ94syaP/s474/41NX5B4G98L._SX305_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="307" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEXZRyRRSDZjm7PAMBpTapwBHo5_kV-hC5o4R_jIzOWel2PY6bFB8tzGoKMi-vrA-toZR6glHGXB-Na1WpxaT2o6AtNSCPplP7Ah4nUpjpYqRmfn-w-unrA5KEitof5Ey07eyd-zWYRSnHUAoXHBPJp-VOq4Oq9Bm39mzmn6f49gRsHpIjBZ94syaP/w259-h400/41NX5B4G98L._SX305_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg" width="259" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">"</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ελένη</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ή</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ο</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Κανένας</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, published in 1998 and has been translated into 17
languages</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">At one point in the novel, Eleni views her persona in a mirror and says:
<i>I got used to the figure that looked back at me in the ‘crooked’ mirrors of
the Cafe Greco, a shy, monk-like, ugly, timid creature.</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> The author goes on to have Eleni wondering
what her punishment will be for breaking all the rules. Would it be exile? </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This beautifully imagined account may be accurate
or, it may be the author foreshadowing what she knows is a tragic </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">dénouement.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There is the other possibility, - that Eleni sometimes revelled in her disguise
as she honed her painting skills and entered into the bohemian lifestyle of
artists in Italy.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I hope she did. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Certainly a
life-long stint as a man was not on her mind. She fell in love with mentor and
up and coming painter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Franceso Saverio Altamoura</b>,
a teacher at the Naples School of Fine Art. He painted in the romantic style of
his era, preferring portraits or historical subjects:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivOyV7ODp5kB3fmph-CgA3jgk4Ohb1p3FMoZ3ZRLtQHn0LFX2kalU5E13Lv4SMifl2z0Eyuc09QF3y_K__apDvNeQZJErYQV71m2MFnJKkIH4zmT6LK9z4tXCloYdlet2ld0y9A44D6ZQU_uh5d0DBlCtF9ghcZlphIwlaH8U5MFp-wLjGA74xVo6h/s1307/of%20Byron%20done%20by%20salvero%20in%201848.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1307" data-original-width="1000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivOyV7ODp5kB3fmph-CgA3jgk4Ohb1p3FMoZ3ZRLtQHn0LFX2kalU5E13Lv4SMifl2z0Eyuc09QF3y_K__apDvNeQZJErYQV71m2MFnJKkIH4zmT6LK9z4tXCloYdlet2ld0y9A44D6ZQU_uh5d0DBlCtF9ghcZlphIwlaH8U5MFp-wLjGA74xVo6h/w306-h400/of%20Byron%20done%20by%20salvero%20in%201848.jpg" width="306" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His works
are still in demand. The above was completed in 1848 when he was still with
Eleni </span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0qOIXF2pWPGSHRDBKkTy_2HUIdx_Vo1BCOolSC_FmpNv4X_G6xf9A_5KXk1TgjTNpcLAjeo-gX54nhGnG6LH1E_ykkIOy0mRwpyDnqxGopMJTGpu_PUZ2dnsK8ojn5iCbLJ1Uf6faX3jU2ETeGCRPQRByLVMT8nAUFvEbjAU6AhktkHIUu-vzRzbZ/s671/altamura.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="671" data-original-width="469" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0qOIXF2pWPGSHRDBKkTy_2HUIdx_Vo1BCOolSC_FmpNv4X_G6xf9A_5KXk1TgjTNpcLAjeo-gX54nhGnG6LH1E_ykkIOy0mRwpyDnqxGopMJTGpu_PUZ2dnsK8ojn5iCbLJ1Uf6faX3jU2ETeGCRPQRByLVMT8nAUFvEbjAU6AhktkHIUu-vzRzbZ/w280-h400/altamura.jpg" width="280" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A self
portrait of Altamoura in later life</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He must have had charm
and charisma to have persuaded her to live with him outside of marriage for several
years. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJVV7f4pJq7_1-4E6rMFppsep2UkE7nDce7b6B1IJKhw9bG0UQB4tAE23qWTxdpcsD4_0v_A-DtQP8WC1y-mIj2EfgoNsTzxKQ7OlpGKWAcf94lOM9FKS3cT2brEiga1v5O3Fc5L7ofzKu4V4eEKVndN9p9bNGt11MTkzZLxuFn6o09cAT-zEdQBaA/s379/portreto-ths-elenhs-mpoykoyra-altamoyra-apo-ton-saverio-altamoyra%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="379" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJVV7f4pJq7_1-4E6rMFppsep2UkE7nDce7b6B1IJKhw9bG0UQB4tAE23qWTxdpcsD4_0v_A-DtQP8WC1y-mIj2EfgoNsTzxKQ7OlpGKWAcf94lOM9FKS3cT2brEiga1v5O3Fc5L7ofzKu4V4eEKVndN9p9bNGt11MTkzZLxuFn6o09cAT-zEdQBaA/w400-h316/portreto-ths-elenhs-mpoykoyra-altamoyra-apo-ton-saverio-altamoyra%20(1).jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A portrait
of Eleni painted by Franceso Altamoura</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">They had two
children, Sophia in 1851 and Ioannis in 1852. Then, in 1853 Eleni became a
Catholic so they could marry, after which they had a son, Alessandro, born in
1856.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Altamoura was not faithful, having
affairs, until the one with English painter Jane Benham Hay ended their
marriage. This must have been especially painful to Eleni because she and Jane
were friends and fellow artists. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYqU-GRKvfmE2t-e4QbDEJIlmoQvIW97q7iKS87fBItGLhv8W8A8xUt8krS9FHxWyIRWqVZq-4d-nGP843nfLea0SpDuULl6etacPHW5dc4DaqwnL5atkC5O2awiOIlYDoTTgsrBxy-L27fzmhwMiZthH8LHmoMUGslAsh8w-XmUqNMFPbAKelASpK/s900/Eleni_Boukoura-Altamoura_Self_portrait_while_painting_Jane_Benham_Hay.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="737" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYqU-GRKvfmE2t-e4QbDEJIlmoQvIW97q7iKS87fBItGLhv8W8A8xUt8krS9FHxWyIRWqVZq-4d-nGP843nfLea0SpDuULl6etacPHW5dc4DaqwnL5atkC5O2awiOIlYDoTTgsrBxy-L27fzmhwMiZthH8LHmoMUGslAsh8w-XmUqNMFPbAKelASpK/w328-h400/Eleni_Boukoura-Altamoura_Self_portrait_while_painting_Jane_Benham_Hay.jpg" width="328" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /> </i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This is a
painting by Eleni showing herself as Chrisinis painting Jane Benham Hay</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Altamoura
abandoned Eleni for Hay in 1857 and took their youngest son Alessandro with
him. That seems incredible today that he had that legal right.. He went on to a long life and reasonable fame
and fortune, as did Hay. They had one son who also became an artist of some
note. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In his autobiography, Altamoura would say about Eleni: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She was extremely
melancholy, mistrustful of her own opinions and very well educated...She was
unhappy when she had to wear feminine clothing<span style="color: red;">.</span></span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(3)</span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Well... hardly an impartial source... <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">At the age of 36, Eleni
returned to her parents’ home in the Plaka area of Athens with two of her
children. It seems that Eleni was accepted as equal to the artists of the era
in spite of (or because of?) her unorthodox past. Along with Nikoforos Lytras
she was chosen to show work at the Olympion<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(4)</span></b> and presented work along with Georgos
Margaritis, Alexandros Rangavis, and Ernst Ziller, distinguished company
indeed. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgVGFahO2KUhO9UxpjI--l4jcZemI1dVOme7JgDkkxBZBwcmn6YAGTpBz-LMuoSCTZFbMid2FW3JZdb705W4-Vnf8UuFqOIgba_LWDQ-ih4ovWv_bEDCPjpfGd6QE6topqWrnsZCLsOzZbj0PZsAMtJoBV1bl9D1bCU6POp945UzdFaJs1M4iAm8P3/s469/%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%97%20%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A1%CE%91%205.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="400" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgVGFahO2KUhO9UxpjI--l4jcZemI1dVOme7JgDkkxBZBwcmn6YAGTpBz-LMuoSCTZFbMid2FW3JZdb705W4-Vnf8UuFqOIgba_LWDQ-ih4ovWv_bEDCPjpfGd6QE6topqWrnsZCLsOzZbj0PZsAMtJoBV1bl9D1bCU6POp945UzdFaJs1M4iAm8P3/w341-h400/%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%97%20%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A1%CE%91%205.jpg" width="341" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ31sHnVdxf2P04xvjj1YofIAnCIWSp2aGyHAnt7j_gXKzF7sii3QC6ZGiWnFqY9f5U4-UUvEqy9jvs31VgkaG9b0NmV3D0ZN8Bxl2pqd9NQ7BjEL9mpldvUnuF7ST_9m_4LaxaqlL5QO8ZPV_i4aiicJ9rvIuCCUfVxpq1FTi20UWEinUiNassAyr/s640/%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%97%20%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A1%CE%91%206.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ31sHnVdxf2P04xvjj1YofIAnCIWSp2aGyHAnt7j_gXKzF7sii3QC6ZGiWnFqY9f5U4-UUvEqy9jvs31VgkaG9b0NmV3D0ZN8Bxl2pqd9NQ7BjEL9mpldvUnuF7ST_9m_4LaxaqlL5QO8ZPV_i4aiicJ9rvIuCCUfVxpq1FTi20UWEinUiNassAyr/s320/%CE%95%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%97%20%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A1%CE%91%206.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Two of
Eleni’s paintings that did survive</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She made a living
teaching the female students of the Arsakeion School and by teaching privately.
Her most well known student was Queen Olga, the wife of George 1 of Greece. In summers,
she would take her children to the family home in Spetses.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Her son Ioannis became a student of Greek painter <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nikoforos Lytras</b> and, unlike Eleni,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> was</i> eligible to attend the Athens School of Fine Arts.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdqECBn0SNgx4wKvC7mKbAYKSlIpj0Gmo6JG7ZCWqT3gH7Z-97LdTklSWM4CvvThcLTVakAPbvE596nzxgxbOitoXPFEAoxIepakE3VMgKKsc83CqBg2wbvyDjpdiZsl_Z5zNfTb2rN50tPLPStR06s_N-AoV4G0ZV8PZ-KiZC8CL1noapSUAKupjF/s266/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%83%CF%89%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1%20%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%20%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%20%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="266" data-original-width="190" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdqECBn0SNgx4wKvC7mKbAYKSlIpj0Gmo6JG7ZCWqT3gH7Z-97LdTklSWM4CvvThcLTVakAPbvE596nzxgxbOitoXPFEAoxIepakE3VMgKKsc83CqBg2wbvyDjpdiZsl_Z5zNfTb2rN50tPLPStR06s_N-AoV4G0ZV8PZ-KiZC8CL1noapSUAKupjF/w229-h320/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%83%CF%89%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1%20%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%20%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%20%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1.jpg" width="229" /></a></div><br /> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ioannis
Altamoura, a self portrait</span></i><p></p>
<br />
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></p><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He was granted a scholarship by King George 1 to study in Copenhagen under
Karl Frederick Sorensen, a specialist in marine painting; Ioannis became an expert
in the genre. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1875, while still a
student, he presented <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Port of
Copenhagen</i>, at the Olympion where it was awarded the silver medal. </span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6Y-38Ea-o804lP2zARZTjCzCBidhUwKC-FTNSD8YajwZ9M8QEArbMW_CzQj4TCH2ylIgGnxqMik0xDPSqD5RFa9RZXl4MJXaO-C1oUVuPlnYvHSwS4CwWUC9pMR7GLGE7Flf6EKW5QMr2wKJciojgIEvNaKgLsR5FaMYeKdPkwM8ju2djJEXs5-qz/s271/port%20of%20copenhagen.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="186" data-original-width="271" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6Y-38Ea-o804lP2zARZTjCzCBidhUwKC-FTNSD8YajwZ9M8QEArbMW_CzQj4TCH2ylIgGnxqMik0xDPSqD5RFa9RZXl4MJXaO-C1oUVuPlnYvHSwS4CwWUC9pMR7GLGE7Flf6EKW5QMr2wKJciojgIEvNaKgLsR5FaMYeKdPkwM8ju2djJEXs5-qz/w400-h274/port%20of%20copenhagen.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Port of
Copenhagen</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Critics today remark on the vivid light in his work - his bright blues,
greens, yellows and greys and that his paintings were moving from academic
realism towards impressionism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eleni may
have been just a tiny bit wistful at the ease with which Ioannis had been accepted
in the Athenian School of Fine Arts.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Then Eleni was
dealt two heavy blows. Her beloved father died and then her daughter Sophia was
diagnosed with tuberculosis, a disease that ravaged so many families in Greece
during this era. Eleni took Sophia to Spetses for fresh air and isolation, the
only cures available at that time, but Sophia died in 1872 at the age of 18. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Eleni did return to
Athens and, in 1876, Ioannis opened his own studio on Filellinon Street. He was
set to do well. One commission from Patras gained him 22,000 drachmas, a large
sum at the time.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(5)</span></b>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj4P_fAonGF3El-Hn_tzr1moVr69KHLN3xJxdGegzYvz7xt3t562y6JkkVw9u8XQ1MGmNGleyxg7DwR7NyYg5UtDqgIPVYQtcb55PAEZ1fxE7VMQnQgikZiVl9oripsnuSkJ3KmeWnYiLsJAWIhO90V-ChPuKXr1J7pBdRXPcp4u5-NgoDn0iCEToQ/s400/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82,_%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BD_(%CE%93%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="308" data-original-width="400" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj4P_fAonGF3El-Hn_tzr1moVr69KHLN3xJxdGegzYvz7xt3t562y6JkkVw9u8XQ1MGmNGleyxg7DwR7NyYg5UtDqgIPVYQtcb55PAEZ1fxE7VMQnQgikZiVl9oripsnuSkJ3KmeWnYiLsJAWIhO90V-ChPuKXr1J7pBdRXPcp4u5-NgoDn0iCEToQ/w400-h308/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82,_%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BD_(%CE%93%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D).jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ioannis Altamoura’s
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Naval Battle of Patras</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">But tragically, at
the age of 26, Ioannis, also died of tuberculosis. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It was too much to
bear. Eleni suffered a nervous breakdown during which she took all of the works
from her Spetses home and burned them. Subsequently, supported economically by
her brother Anastasis, Eleni, became an eccentric recluse in Spetses until her
death in 1900. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She was buried on
the island along with her son and daughter, and her brother apparently burned all
of her accumulated papers and correspondence, the second holocaust in the
garden on Spetses.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqfyEjAdS7Soub-gMcefVsV2ORYSjrmQ23Qv1xofZradvZTv4Ir6rbkBuQp43X0ITODR2QGrAXQ4xChsBnYf4PhkQy_PYLeA6USPrnUbC0OawVRE6xj-nOTUtRzlurZqPFY6lxD4YrGfEg8-xdHb1VytCrUl6bYrviPerYDVbMVrBIxylzj1wQdj4Y/s200/%CE%A3%CE%A0%CE%99%CE%A4%CE%99%20%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%A3%20%CE%9F%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%93%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%95%CE%99%CE%91%CE%A3%20%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A1%CE%97%20%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%99%CE%A3%20%CE%A3%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%A4%CE%A3%CE%95%CE%A3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="200" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqfyEjAdS7Soub-gMcefVsV2ORYSjrmQ23Qv1xofZradvZTv4Ir6rbkBuQp43X0ITODR2QGrAXQ4xChsBnYf4PhkQy_PYLeA6USPrnUbC0OawVRE6xj-nOTUtRzlurZqPFY6lxD4YrGfEg8-xdHb1VytCrUl6bYrviPerYDVbMVrBIxylzj1wQdj4Y/w400-h300/%CE%A3%CE%A0%CE%99%CE%A4%CE%99%20%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%A3%20%CE%9F%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%93%CE%95%CE%9D%CE%95%CE%99%CE%91%CE%A3%20%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A1%CE%97%20%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%99%CE%A3%20%CE%A3%CE%A0%CE%95%CE%A4%CE%A3%CE%95%CE%A3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The family
home in Spetses</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Her grandchildren later
had her bones and those of her two children transferred to Athens where they now
rest in the Boukouras family grave.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNNznyiiFRiUVLuuVZvXNusB2uKLIJXpbwg8ZF2N2WoSCk-hX7jDfbNPvPqIq25S6Vt0zrEXJ1pL1SJFMW-OuK8wOw7hbXspTio-kDuerFC6QgkfN55g2QGwHQ6BrnhtAeq_lFO75B2iFnKv80I5m4gzDS7sTRA6SHPIT-_HkKwl1MHQI-MDSTp-C1/s400/%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%A6%CE%9F%CE%A3%20%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A1%CE%91%201.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="400" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNNznyiiFRiUVLuuVZvXNusB2uKLIJXpbwg8ZF2N2WoSCk-hX7jDfbNPvPqIq25S6Vt0zrEXJ1pL1SJFMW-OuK8wOw7hbXspTio-kDuerFC6QgkfN55g2QGwHQ6BrnhtAeq_lFO75B2iFnKv80I5m4gzDS7sTRA6SHPIT-_HkKwl1MHQI-MDSTp-C1/w400-h300/%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%A6%CE%9F%CE%A3%20%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A1%CE%91%201.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section
One, Number 134</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Eleni and
her childrens’ grave stone in the First Cemetery</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A Myth in
the Making</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Because literature
is not the things you find, it’s the way you ferment them” (Rea Galanaki in an
interview) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(6)</span></i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Why did her brother
burn all of her papers? Why did she refuse Alessandro, her third child’s
invitation, to come to Italy after Ioannis’ death choosing isolation in Spetses
instead.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(7)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>Why did Eleni, rather like Keats,
come to feel that her name had been ‘writ on water” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(8)</span></b>, was her life’s work not worth
recording? Was it the death of her two children, born out of wedlock, having
been abandoned by her husband, her father’s death? Was she always melancholy?
Surely she must have had a great sense of adventure when she was young, before
tragedy drove her into seclusion. The poem by Kiki Dimoula at the beginning of
this text seems to me to capture the latter part of her life. But she remains a
tantalizing mystery. Her story leaves so many questions unanswered... </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">But one thing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">is </i>certain: she retains a remarkable
place in the history of art in Greece – and did pave the way for women artists
to finally be accepted as students in the Athens School of Fine Arts. The first
woman to be accepted on equal footing with the men was </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sophia Laskaridou in 1903. She had personally petitioned
King George 1 and he then decreed it. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I like to
think that his wife Olga, who studied under Eleni, had something to do with
that. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Map</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP0DREUQOTlgfg79qvWZrxkbEWK7tziKdevdHq1CPlax6WnV3uigV6LtPx37-jan6ugoOpM6_Wtb7fzGUxp_UtPYEBn128KS7w-msv6ClM3StzOcviALshi0QJyHoJgKopma27yDoFp5fkkzHdyRS6Lv0ylprIG_rmsFgizCjwa51Fb8HSCq41SfBf/s2706/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Eleni%20Boukoura%20Altamoura.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2706" data-original-width="2197" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP0DREUQOTlgfg79qvWZrxkbEWK7tziKdevdHq1CPlax6WnV3uigV6LtPx37-jan6ugoOpM6_Wtb7fzGUxp_UtPYEBn128KS7w-msv6ClM3StzOcviALshi0QJyHoJgKopma27yDoFp5fkkzHdyRS6Lv0ylprIG_rmsFgizCjwa51Fb8HSCq41SfBf/w520-h640/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Eleni%20Boukoura%20Altamoura.JPG" width="520" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Arvanites are <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Albanian Greeks, many of whom have lived in
Greece for hundreds of years</span>. The Saronic islands and some parts of
Attica had a large population of Arvanites in the early 19<sup>th</sup>
century. Many spoke Albanian rather than Greek – or both.</span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">For the story of the Hill School,
see: </span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2018/12/fanny-hill.html"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2018/12/fanny-hill.html</span></a><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Francesco Saverio Altamoura (1822-1897)</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> his life
and work by Ioannis Bouroiannis-Tsaggaridis </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></span><span class="hgkelc"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Olympion or Zappeian Games were precursors of the 1896 Olympics. As in Ancient
Greece, these games held in 1859, 1867, and 1870 included categories for art.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18pt;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(5)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">See: </span></span><a href="https://www.tovima.gr/2011/03/06/culture/pethane-26-xronwn-prolabe-omws-na-damasei-ta-kymata/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https://www.tovima.gr/2011/03/06/culture/pethane-26-xronwn-prolabe-omws-na-damasei-ta-kymata/</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span class="hgkelc"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(6)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">See: </span></span><a href="https://www.greeknewsagenda.gr/interviews/reading-greece/7697-reading-greece-rhea-galanaki-on-delving-into-the-family-past-as-a-way-to-better-understand-oneself"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https://www.greeknewsagenda.gr/interviews/reading-greece/7697-reading-greece-rhea-galanaki-on-delving-into-the-family-past-as-a-way-to-better-understand-oneself</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(7)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Alessandros
also had success as a painter showing works in Torino in 1880 and Paris in 1906.
He had a nervous breakdown and apparently destroyed many of his father’s works.
There</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">is</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">no</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">doubt</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">a</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">story</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">there</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(8)</span></span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Keats’grave:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicPwlcANwtvfTpIuwMhk8--H-wZCd38_jFIkE6nj4gtTpNruhDiVEOVVWrEGbUngmjCbV9WF1epovfGrhlkMArxOF91urT93YBiIxTXORdiYDzGz0tsixORdUo9Sqa7h24bf2JYeH93MzHFDKqOW70jbNBce5WO5fHs6n56U6Dn1kR257Xi9CnvajC/s1024/1024px-9059_-_Roma_-_Cimitero_acattolico_-_Tomba_John_Keats_(1795-1821)_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall'Orto,_31-March-2008.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1024" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicPwlcANwtvfTpIuwMhk8--H-wZCd38_jFIkE6nj4gtTpNruhDiVEOVVWrEGbUngmjCbV9WF1epovfGrhlkMArxOF91urT93YBiIxTXORdiYDzGz0tsixORdUo9Sqa7h24bf2JYeH93MzHFDKqOW70jbNBce5WO5fHs6n56U6Dn1kR257Xi9CnvajC/s320/1024px-9059_-_Roma_-_Cimitero_acattolico_-_Tomba_John_Keats_(1795-1821)_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall'Orto,_31-March-2008.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">See also:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://amarysia.gr/arthra-sxolia-main/ιωάννης-μπούκουρας-ένας-μπαρουτοκαπ"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https://amarysia.gr/arthra-sxolia-main/ιωάννης-μπούκουρας-ένας-μπαρουτοκαπ</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tells the story of Ioannis Boukouras</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The original poem
by Dimoula, far better than my translation, of course.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">"'Ασε να κλαίω</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Μόνο γράφε τους λόγους,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">μήπως κι οφείλω</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">κι άλλη λύπη.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Θέλω να έχω</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">τη συνείδησή μου (</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">conscience</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ήσυχη πως βασανίστηκα</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">για όλα. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">"</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p> <br /><p></p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-28360057951290791262022-09-16T05:20:00.009-07:002023-07-09T07:02:07.278-07:00Immanouil Benakis<p> </p><p></p><p><!--[if !mso]>
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</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Emmanouil<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Benakis</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;">ΕΜΜΑΝΟΥΗΛ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;">ΜΠΕΝΑΚΗΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;">Born 1843 in Syros</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Died </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EL;">June 20, 1929 in Kifisia.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Emmanouil<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Benakis: the Egyptiotis who thrived when
Cotton was King</span></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2JUvRfALhVg6xQ3A14eab1m4JRkdH-Ucl3jmoCtcXoJp_aChblyCDHTOo7Y3NImjmjHqY9LMKRirLtwC7nyu1_G8xAuldMS44S5lLZZ6xtclfgSrX0ReJMUt3kmN0ztg3raZfcppW7HvvtodyRil6kM6y9KZ7AprmTtuPJ3qEeirxIg-mbtAAnNna/s4608/Benaki%20tomb%20entry%20looking%20north.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2JUvRfALhVg6xQ3A14eab1m4JRkdH-Ucl3jmoCtcXoJp_aChblyCDHTOo7Y3NImjmjHqY9LMKRirLtwC7nyu1_G8xAuldMS44S5lLZZ6xtclfgSrX0ReJMUt3kmN0ztg3raZfcppW7HvvtodyRil6kM6y9KZ7AprmTtuPJ3qEeirxIg-mbtAAnNna/w640-h480/Benaki%20tomb%20entry%20looking%20north.JPG" width="640" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Plaza, Number 64</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Greek people have lived in Egypt
since the ancient era, but their numbers and circumstances have varied over
time. The period between the 1860s to 1952 would see the Greeks population in Egypt
swell to 100,000, first under the umbrella of Muhammad Ali, an Albanian who
owed nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Sultan and later under the aegis of the
British who were willing to take whatever steps necessary (including
bombardment in 1882) to protect Egyptian cotton, vital for their mills in
Liverpool and Manchester.<span style="color: red;"> (1) </span>Under these
conditions a Greek merchant culture thrived, especially in Alexandria, only to virtually
disappear in the years after 1952 when Gamal Abdel Nasser ended colonial rule
once and for all.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">You might think that all that is left
of that era would be crumbling mansions, a cemetery or two, and the lingering nostalgia
of those forced to leave as their companies were nationalized and their
influence in the government marginalized. But you would be wrong. Egyptian
Greeks had a profound influence on their homeland. Wealthy merchant families like
that of Immanouil <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Benakis in Alexandria,
had their feet firmly planted in Greece, - and their footprints have been immense.
</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkqVkbuZ1cTwOc-TeBmCEi04vFMvqSL8cDPxqxnccmVyTT1-xHzTRBKbNNam_dr-yWdOOZ_JO9qm-HFtO57i7FCYThuIt7ire7efuz7J-2H5SHs_uuLhwGiX31p_-V1nii72m05V13N6hig6JbkLw5PpnmVCS4eh-Y2pCoqV8KHhzoG-mtmfQieQ21/s263/Benakisbbb.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="263" data-original-width="191" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkqVkbuZ1cTwOc-TeBmCEi04vFMvqSL8cDPxqxnccmVyTT1-xHzTRBKbNNam_dr-yWdOOZ_JO9qm-HFtO57i7FCYThuIt7ire7efuz7J-2H5SHs_uuLhwGiX31p_-V1nii72m05V13N6hig6JbkLw5PpnmVCS4eh-Y2pCoqV8KHhzoG-mtmfQieQ21/w465-h640/Benakisbbb.jpg" width="465" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Benakis, as elder statesman and benefactor</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">By the 1870s, Immanouil Benakis was
well on the way to becoming one of the richest men in Egypt. He became a member
of the Greek government in 1910, mayor of Athens in 1914, and one of the country’s
many fabled benefactors. Today, when you enter the Benakis Museum on Vas Sophias
Avenue you are entering the vestibule of a house that in the decade after 1910
was the social and political hub of Athens.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">His Life. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Immanouil
was born in Ermopolis Syros in 1843. His family had roots in Chios but were forced
to flee after a vengeful Sultan massacred most of the inhabitants in 1822. The
family moved to the aptly named Ermopolis, a significant economic centre in the
Cycladic islands even before it joined the new nation in 1829. There, Immanouil’s
father had a textile company which imported goods from England. Immanouil
attended high school in Syros and continued his education in England. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">His is not exactly
a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rags to riches</i> story although his
family did suffer economic setbacks. But by the time Immanouil was a young man,
the expanding Greek merchant community, (many of whom were from Chios) had
established an economic and social safety net big enough to encompass ambitious
and clever young men.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Wealthy Greek
merchants had been a feature of Ottoman society long before his era</b>. Under the
Ottoman system, merchants were privileged because their wealth generated taxes which
ensured the wealth of their Ottoman overlords. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Greeks from the Phanar district of
Constantinople, the Phanariots, had become an indispensible part of the Ottoman
bureaucracy as time went on. Under this system, a merchant class with some
influence and capable of accumulating capital became an inherent part of the
system.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0bgz2M23_dvGvr9KlYGjKBjnSwjZc4b8BM9Z4m48j_68klUIyP3TG96Ypjs3llsg569EGd1X3BicXHrYlRY2EPiVafcl-PUsfF3OE0rjSDS90tvj6fMBNtUvPcxDTV7M7eUp9_ydosxzDdLaJTdnDVWs35CZTvD2Eyf9aDXAYYW8xVkU2XDOmimOh/s973/Fanarion.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="621" data-original-width="973" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0bgz2M23_dvGvr9KlYGjKBjnSwjZc4b8BM9Z4m48j_68klUIyP3TG96Ypjs3llsg569EGd1X3BicXHrYlRY2EPiVafcl-PUsfF3OE0rjSDS90tvj6fMBNtUvPcxDTV7M7eUp9_ydosxzDdLaJTdnDVWs35CZTvD2Eyf9aDXAYYW8xVkU2XDOmimOh/w640-h408/Fanarion.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Phanariot quarter
in 1900. The Ottomans liked to keep their foreign</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">communities
separated in enclaves</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">A myriad of small Greek owned
ships had been handling the local trade long before the 19<sup>th</sup>
century, but the Italians, French and British had controlled the big sea routes
in the Mediterranean until the balance of power in Europe altered as a result
of geopolitical shifts including the American civil war, the increasing power of
Russia, and the French revolution. A 1774 treaty between the Porte and Russia
allowed Greek owned ships to fly British or Russian flags and under very favourable
economic conditions. Because of pirates, these Greek carriers could also carry
cannons. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH1izl9sGPXZw9FO5OOzuC4wQgV7QahlzzMy-B-RuZtJmx7tPgvQen1xxaVprF52OAwuicIdNpPlDL5Ht-XYSxwkvlIwDxRMYIrUjywDhlvqyBQeI4uXEdkSq3ceHIncQOiheyEpXsMDZdXocFp5JIPJ_8dXJ_JonPyHWCqqHWBRWV6dcj3IzD_jFO/s501/The-Agamemnon2.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="446" data-original-width="501" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH1izl9sGPXZw9FO5OOzuC4wQgV7QahlzzMy-B-RuZtJmx7tPgvQen1xxaVprF52OAwuicIdNpPlDL5Ht-XYSxwkvlIwDxRMYIrUjywDhlvqyBQeI4uXEdkSq3ceHIncQOiheyEpXsMDZdXocFp5JIPJ_8dXJ_JonPyHWCqqHWBRWV6dcj3IzD_jFO/w400-h356/The-Agamemnon2.webp" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Agamemnon
of famous ship owner Bouboulinas. These armed ships were easily converted to
war ships at the start of the War of Independence. </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">By the 1790s French
shipping had virtually disappeared. The established Greek merchant class within
the empire invested in shipping, and Greek owned (often Greek built) ships began
to fill the gap left by the Europeans.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">By 1798 one third of the
ships landing in Marseilles were Greek owned, in Alexandria over 50 percent,
and in Odessa over 60. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">All this activity led to the
spectacular expansion of Greek merchant houses dealing with the cargoes these
ships contained. Treaties between the Ottomans and England in 1838 and 1843 ensured
continuing economic successes and not ones necessarily favouring the Ottomans. Between
1839 and 1877, Constantinople saw an influx of over 100,000 European would be entrepreneurs
and Smyrna became an important economic hub. By 1810 Greek commercial houses
had taken over a large part of Smyrna’s trade and by 1870, the Greek population
outnumbered the Turks in Smyrna. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Of course, not
all of those taking advantage of this situation were Greek but the Greek
merchant class inside the empire as well as Greeks like Immanouil Benakis who
gravitated to it during this period excelled because of natural talent, social
cohesion, a long time familiarity with the Ottoman regime, and that corollary
of social cohesion - close family ties. Wherever Greek merchant princes prospered
a thriving Greek community of doctors, lawyers, bankers, builders, and
technicians grew up to support them. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Greek merchant
houses branched out wherever trade was profitable: Livorno, Marseilles, London,
and Egypt. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that brings us back to
Immanouil Benakis and the Greeks of Alexandria.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Cotton and Egypt</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Cotton came
to Egypt in 1822. It was introduced by Muhammad Ali (1769-1849) who</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">focused on the production of cotton
to raise the financial resources to modernise the Egyptian economy and realise
his own imperial ambitions. He was an interesting character: a wily Albanian
from Kavala who, like Ali Pasha of Ioannina, had, by 1805, managed to carve out
a dynasty for himself in Egypt and coerce the Porte into accepting the
arrangement. Ali gained control of the economy of the country by the simple
expedient of nationalizing all of the land. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpUAezrdFSy3JeEI_b3pvKK-Vh_DFUM9uKFcjLVMB6qmY_Zvrks2-nB-TUT_hmp9ZoRxrz0VM9B65uy6TqGmYX91aMSuFFPM1wXvnYpxiUdOzMO3mVtEv4QlNehVnmL75qrXwTi__mZ9tUQ7NlnzGOLt_f94ACTkc-XxwAZpwG0GDSOITnxWmSOl9I/s700/og-muhammad-ali-of-egypt-41292.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="700" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpUAezrdFSy3JeEI_b3pvKK-Vh_DFUM9uKFcjLVMB6qmY_Zvrks2-nB-TUT_hmp9ZoRxrz0VM9B65uy6TqGmYX91aMSuFFPM1wXvnYpxiUdOzMO3mVtEv4QlNehVnmL75qrXwTi__mZ9tUQ7NlnzGOLt_f94ACTkc-XxwAZpwG0GDSOITnxWmSOl9I/w640-h330/og-muhammad-ali-of-egypt-41292.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Ali looking like
everyone’s favourite uncle</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Greek
merchants were present in Ali’s Egypt early on. Epirot <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2016/09/michael-tositsas.html">Michael Tositsas</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1787-1856), in particular, had forged a
close working relationship with Ali <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>who rewarded
him with money and land for managing his holdings. It is strange to realise that
Tositsas was working hard for Muhammad Ali at the same time Muhammad’s son
Ibrahim was wreaking havoc in the Peloponnese during the War of Independence. Ali
had been promised Crete if he was successful.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b> <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <br /></span></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC6klOEykwjKWGSdTPWMJUNEB-dQFXuL-CHl--50ddtFEZE1Wm7sOo2jMCTGjykxf3C3gy0xF_37GBC6_yupRgDiDoGUkDlpiFBR0T4dDC4F239ARik-gloV-vQS9MX1X2NUK5M9tGmTIeIOWT-IHboMugK3syY4nHg4xc6-ymz1y6GI4vqZYjcOvv/s1000/ibrahim-%20opera%20square.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="710" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC6klOEykwjKWGSdTPWMJUNEB-dQFXuL-CHl--50ddtFEZE1Wm7sOo2jMCTGjykxf3C3gy0xF_37GBC6_yupRgDiDoGUkDlpiFBR0T4dDC4F239ARik-gloV-vQS9MX1X2NUK5M9tGmTIeIOWT-IHboMugK3syY4nHg4xc6-ymz1y6GI4vqZYjcOvv/s320/ibrahim-%20opera%20square.jpeg" width="227" /></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxpboj0iJQk7qpnIyK2OTGJrdwa40HBsthtTXa_y_xT10FGaw1kro9u13wEEDqhj_Z9bzAAWRdWnwe55ob2705AapGwEuVvE3iJv3lOsL64Anq69xHtC4bm1Jdj9adp0-G-_Hr-fL435pige_ehSHkluInP2L9AmIT-eecjdfdu_S8Lv8jassK_Z9y/s167/kolokotronis.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="125" data-original-width="167" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxpboj0iJQk7qpnIyK2OTGJrdwa40HBsthtTXa_y_xT10FGaw1kro9u13wEEDqhj_Z9bzAAWRdWnwe55ob2705AapGwEuVvE3iJv3lOsL64Anq69xHtC4bm1Jdj9adp0-G-_Hr-fL435pige_ehSHkluInP2L9AmIT-eecjdfdu_S8Lv8jassK_Z9y/w320-h239/kolokotronis.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /> </i><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Athens has its
equestrian statue of war hero <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2016/09/theodoros-kolokotronis.html">Theodoros Kolokotronis</a> and<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Cairo has one of Ibrahim Pasha in Opera Square. They are eerily
alike and most certainly represent a very different historical perspective.</span></i></p><br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Tositsas <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was not the only Greek to prosper in Egypt under
Ali nor were the Greeks the only beneficiaries of Ali’s modernizing policies.
But it was Greeks like Tositsas who paved the way for future entrepreneurs like
Ioannis Choremis and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Immanouil Benakis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">By 1839
Greek merchant houses controlled 38% of the Egyptian cotton trade and by 1872,
more than 200 million pounds of raw cotton were being shipped to Europe. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The civil war in America made Egyptian cotton
even more valuable in the 1860s when the American civil war closed off that
source of raw materials. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Benakis in Egypt</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Benakis
arrived in Alexandria in 1863 and had a few lean years. Apparently He and his
brother, Loukas, established a small cotton trading company in 1868. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuRDlSgWSntWWuou8IZwBA3wftcIXLJFkAIyNQK-dv9qnKf5-DHjBj-M3GIm5bK6m7LnduT9X5XPvM_Vm72eytH10pGhDApsg9BKzuCiJvwJlDsQDtSqWzbuTPIy1hLpOaN2icUsj1p_Tp67ljayzHYnAz3JpEuRlg1YCV18-w3Vhj35K6iAaHSTlP/s500/benakis%20young2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="343" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuRDlSgWSntWWuou8IZwBA3wftcIXLJFkAIyNQK-dv9qnKf5-DHjBj-M3GIm5bK6m7LnduT9X5XPvM_Vm72eytH10pGhDApsg9BKzuCiJvwJlDsQDtSqWzbuTPIy1hLpOaN2icUsj1p_Tp67ljayzHYnAz3JpEuRlg1YCV18-w3Vhj35K6iAaHSTlP/s320/benakis%20young2.jpg" width="220" /></a></div><br /><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Benakis, the young entrepreneur</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span><p></p>
<br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He was then offered
a position with the Choremis-Davis company, the largest in Egypt, to run the
firm’s business in Liverpool.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1870
Immanouil married Virginia, Ioannis Choremis’ daughter, and arrived back in
Egypt in 1876 to become an equal partner in the new firm of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Choremis- Benakis. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb7-K7bEXW6PgIsHuZeTwYWGUtxch64fDyDFzaRC9wnlHJgkkMewSh4V8We0zouXzXPw51T5WndVnCtsVJNLHqj6EFxy00JsiZPOyBOn6vG7KXYE3bih3D6BNvrzPhdez6OdgJ37HmohFehX__mL2Pz5aSRTRUmrHJOEtskeakmz_CcPS7HKb-faxK/s800/thumbnail_4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="487" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb7-K7bEXW6PgIsHuZeTwYWGUtxch64fDyDFzaRC9wnlHJgkkMewSh4V8We0zouXzXPw51T5WndVnCtsVJNLHqj6EFxy00JsiZPOyBOn6vG7KXYE3bih3D6BNvrzPhdez6OdgJ37HmohFehX__mL2Pz5aSRTRUmrHJOEtskeakmz_CcPS7HKb-faxK/w244-h400/thumbnail_4.jpg" width="244" /></a></div><br /> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Virginia Choremi (1848-1928)</span></i><p></p>
<br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Women were
traded within the Greek community with regularity and an eye to practicality that
might make even royalty gasp. Fully 90 percent of Greek marriages in this era
were Greek to Greek. Such marriages promised a comfortingly similar outlook and
social cohesion within the community. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
in the case of Virginia Choremi, marriage was one way to bring in promising
young men who would then became part of the family enterprise.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Many Greek
entrepreneurs, including Benakis, hired only Greeks in their business and it is
easy to understand how a nucleus of business, technical, and social interests
reached critical mass by 1900. Other Greek industries such as tobacco and textiles
entered the welcoming Egyptian scene and Greek owned theatres and nightclubs
began catering to the Greek community. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In terms of theatre and concerts, Alexandria
became part of the circuit of Greek artists from the mainland to the Greek
diaspora.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Egyptian
born<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Constantinos Cavafy,</b> Greece’s
great poet, was a child of this culture. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His father Petros had had a thriving cotton
exporting business in Alexandria with branches all over Europe until it ran
into financial difficulties. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, their sons
could be absorbed into the system. Work was found in other Greek businesses or with
the British who were running the Egyptian civil service at the time.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLksN5cypmtu7aemBSmLp7W3LtV9XS6FYXWJIbqBLJkW2aCv6Kr0ys1gQWsCpRD0MobwZ8y3Cf0FYEgfwWDIulamrrEgQ6y7D60_Ek-n8n-YWwwRuD6kesxcOkHzW28385PvD-ABUfE1VWli7dbNcMAY-egWFh5VbZGU5P2DsuVr2g2kZmnrUHtx0H/s700/alexandria%20in%201880s.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="517" data-original-width="700" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLksN5cypmtu7aemBSmLp7W3LtV9XS6FYXWJIbqBLJkW2aCv6Kr0ys1gQWsCpRD0MobwZ8y3Cf0FYEgfwWDIulamrrEgQ6y7D60_Ek-n8n-YWwwRuD6kesxcOkHzW28385PvD-ABUfE1VWli7dbNcMAY-egWFh5VbZGU5P2DsuVr2g2kZmnrUHtx0H/w400-h295/alexandria%20in%201880s.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Alexandria in the 1880s
looking very European indeed</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Wealthy Alexandrian
Greeks formed their own quarter in the eastern part of the city, and hired
French, English and Italian servants and nannies. Their quarter had a cosmopolitan
vibe which had nothing to do with the native Egyptians whose work was
generating their wealth. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In her
memoires, Benakis’ daughter Penelope wrote:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">We had the greatest contempt for the
fellahs and regarded them almost as cattle; not only was it permitted to hit an
Arab, it was almost required. </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Benakis
family, moved to a mansion on the Rue Rosette in 1884 and quickly became an
integral part of the city’s Greek aristocracy. Immanouil Benakis who spoke
French and English well, still preferred to speak Greek and to socialize with
Greeks. He believed passionately in the civilizing influence of Greek culture
and the importance of education for all Greeks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The very cohesiveness of this colonial culture engendered a sense of Greek
nationalism that sometimes bordered on the extreme.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Penelope
wrote:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Anything Greek was considered holy
and sacred</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">It seems to
be an ingrained part of the colonial mindset that people benefitting at the
expense of others, could still believe that fair play and democracy should
prevail in their own home country (at least to the extent that it did not harm
their own class). But, to be fair, the Greeks had been exploited by the
Ottomans for 400 years, so had no apparent qualms about benefitting from a
system that had, in fact, been exploiting them. Still it was hard on the native
Egyptians who did not manage their own revolution until 1952. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">By 1902 the
Greek community could boast 9 primary schools, 2 hospitals, 2 orphanages, a
sports club, and their own Chamber of Commerce. Immanouil Benakis became the
president of the Greek Community of Alexandria between 1901 and 1911.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Benakis and Greece</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Benakis
never lost sight of his homeland. During the 1882 troubles when the British were
quashing an Egyptian led rebellion, he had travelled home with his family and
bought a villa outside of the capital. With the pinnacle of financial success
having been reached in Egypt, a 1909 coup in Athens resulted in Cretan
Eleftherios Venizelos becoming prime minister, an event that caused Benakis to
consider returning to Greece to actively participate in the reforms which
Venizelos had promised. He had investigated Venizelos and liked what he had
learned. The two corresponded about reforms in Greece beginning in February <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1910. Benakis would also have approved of
Venizelos embracing the ‘great idea’ of Greek expansionism. He and his family
were great supporters of the effort to add Macedonia to Greece and the effort
to continue expanding the country until all ethnic Greeks were included in the
nation.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(2)</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Benakis bought
an imposing neoclassical mansion on Vasilissis Sofias Avenue opposite the royal
palace, became a member Greek parliament and an advisor to Venizelos. In a
flurry of reforms during that heady period (including 53 constitutional
amendments) a new Ministry of National Economy was initiated by Venezelos
especially for him.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKdCqjHpiq-W6PQRg-qklImt2_KQNt6Dhkh8GC8GWArTNp-stZkandHLsmDRJRsCqlbGqI0dAFsobE-Xuvhfte8bOKj6PQ09i_fPwCZKeJqU-h8Jmm57ioDahHPgp-VzLGg2TySA5F8G3adq-dIxHraDxF280cJOpKG_DeK7v3HhWKjwvtnlQj0ZA3/s276/indexvew.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="276" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKdCqjHpiq-W6PQRg-qklImt2_KQNt6Dhkh8GC8GWArTNp-stZkandHLsmDRJRsCqlbGqI0dAFsobE-Xuvhfte8bOKj6PQ09i_fPwCZKeJqU-h8Jmm57ioDahHPgp-VzLGg2TySA5F8G3adq-dIxHraDxF280cJOpKG_DeK7v3HhWKjwvtnlQj0ZA3/w400-h265/indexvew.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> The Benakis mansion,
built in 1967 and bought by Benakis in 1910</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <br /></span><p></p>
<br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1914,
Benakis changed course and became mayor of Athens, a position he would hold
until 1919. He remained, however, a staunch Venizelist and supported Venizelos when
he set up a rival government in northern Greece against the King. Venizelos had
wanted to join the Entente during the First World War and the king wanted to
remain neutral. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Passions ran high and,
in 1916, Benakis came very close to being lynched by a royalist mob who beat
him and looted his mansion. After spending 41 days in prison, he was released. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Venizelos
returned to Athens in triumph in May of 1917 and it was the turn of royalists
to be exiled or imprisoned. When Venizelos lost the elections in 1920 and
royalists brought back the exiled king, Benakis left for Nice and then Paris.
He did not return until 1924, well after the Asia Minor catastrophe had ended Greek
expansionism. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Last Years</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">For the last
five years of his life Immanouil Benakis continued to support Greece and his
will ensured that his generosity would continue after his death. The family
supported Asia Minor refugees, funded hospitals and orphanages and were
instrumental in the founding of Athens College (still going strong). The Benaki
Phytopathological Institute established in 1929 enabled Greek farmers to make
the most of their land. It is respected worldwide and is now under the
supervision of the Hellenic Ministry of Rural Development and Food. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Benakis Children</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Virginia and
Immanouil Benakis had six children, five of whom survived childhood: Alexandra
(1871-1941), Antonis (1873-1954), Penelope (1874-1941), Alexandros(1878-1922)
and Argine (1883-1973). (</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Αλεξάνδρα</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Αντώνιος</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">, </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Πηνελόπη</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">, </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Αλέξανδρος</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">, </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">και</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Αργίνη</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Argine</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Argine<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>led a life very similar to her mother’s in
that she married Michael Salvagos, a wealthy Greek Alexandrian whose family
also hailed from Chios and became the so called <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘uncrowned queen’ of the Alexandrian
aristocracy until the era ended.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her
palace in Alexandria was so grand that, when the Greek king in exile visited during
the Second World War, he was so dazzled by its sumptuousness he wrote that,
after seeing it, he would hesitate to entertain her in his own Palace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Argine collected Egyptian and Arabic art and
some of her vast collection can be seen in the Benaki Islamic Museum at Ag.
Asomaton 22 and Dipilou<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>streets
near<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kerameikos, the ancient cemetery of
Athens. She died in Alexandria in 1973 at the age of 90.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7U3EvTGVTd-uEiNa0OyocYLA76pNNKEdY73QRSTvrEKdrSA8-B2GCTQHK75TCpruPu_81x9wfnQeOz3QcbqMXhyuJSdX24QLCYV2PKnDM3YV6LIcCc8iFcqndibYu1bBNDHTod4oDV9FRusO4NGbVIxgbLpNpSEpjMAulp_758Ks73YOCsCnxX2jj/s263/indexvfr.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="263" data-original-width="192" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7U3EvTGVTd-uEiNa0OyocYLA76pNNKEdY73QRSTvrEKdrSA8-B2GCTQHK75TCpruPu_81x9wfnQeOz3QcbqMXhyuJSdX24QLCYV2PKnDM3YV6LIcCc8iFcqndibYu1bBNDHTod4oDV9FRusO4NGbVIxgbLpNpSEpjMAulp_758Ks73YOCsCnxX2jj/w467-h640/indexvfr.jpg" width="467" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Argine ‘at home’, very
much the grand dame.</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Antonis</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Antonis
Benakis fought for Greece during the war with the Ottomans in 1897 and in the
Balkan wars. Because of his father’s wealth he lived an advantaged and
cosmopolitan life. As an avid antiquarian and collector, he donated the family
home for the now famous <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Benakis Museum</b>
which opened to the public in 1931 and contains many of the family treasures. When
he died in 1954, the museum could boast over 26,000 artifacts and over 10,000
books and manuscripts. Its library is open to the public and well worth a visit
if research is on your mind. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5lnWBRC1hyVnx1IulfEhPVLjvJsPoJqyB5fyJgDZE_shtbsyUh24KTxQuItMZp7eRz8A73OvmHGk4tTOxH3H2gptl2dgxBMktby4fH4FJhrXANB78MJjq7XNFNdbmQxw3-FnDg9rHJTTY6BQ3T1PLIoQYdCqKpYP42ai6BoWDaPLtmTzBXy8lRUXy/s270/index%20vdw.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="145" data-original-width="270" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5lnWBRC1hyVnx1IulfEhPVLjvJsPoJqyB5fyJgDZE_shtbsyUh24KTxQuItMZp7eRz8A73OvmHGk4tTOxH3H2gptl2dgxBMktby4fH4FJhrXANB78MJjq7XNFNdbmQxw3-FnDg9rHJTTY6BQ3T1PLIoQYdCqKpYP42ai6BoWDaPLtmTzBXy8lRUXy/w400-h215/index%20vdw.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Antonis Benakis</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Penelope</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Penelope was
the third child, imaginative, highly sensitive, and not at all suited
emotionally for a life like her mother’s. Nonetheless, she reluctantly did the ‘right
thing’ at the age of 21 and married Stephanos Delta, a man who seems to have been
more suited to her parents than to her. Almost immediately she produced three
daughters and seemed destined to lead a life like her two sisters until she met
Ion Dragoumis, a diplomat at the Greek consulate in Alexandria and fell in
love.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnBk9XglNtDfrCZGQyQE73MFRvRJJI3_fap5Z1T3DwAv6cntnyLbZThohH05SAvfjfDRXP7NnZdWcSt_VodXvAPxaCoahEHc7W93Yy9E4pEk9FkKG5UHisaH8wMDnSxJL3Ig-wdsAknhSejtni9gm0Ci3fZNFJtHto0PqCiGuxam8tRvf6hY-v4yAR/s800/originalSize_1172190305.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="548" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnBk9XglNtDfrCZGQyQE73MFRvRJJI3_fap5Z1T3DwAv6cntnyLbZThohH05SAvfjfDRXP7NnZdWcSt_VodXvAPxaCoahEHc7W93Yy9E4pEk9FkKG5UHisaH8wMDnSxJL3Ig-wdsAknhSejtni9gm0Ci3fZNFJtHto0PqCiGuxam8tRvf6hY-v4yAR/s320/originalSize_1172190305.jpg" width="219" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Penelope and Dragoumis</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The family
interfered (then again, perhaps her own sense of what was required of a Benakis
daughter was a big factor) and the relationship ended at great psychological
cost. As she later wrote: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">My happiness
did not last long, goodbye my Paradise, goodbye sweet dreams that flew away
like cigarette smoke blown by the wind</i>. Penelope spent some time in an
Austrian sanitarium in 1908 trying to adjust to life without Dragoumis. Apparently
she met with him for three short days before she returned to her husband, a man
whom she clearly respected and honoured but did not love in the way she had
loved Dragoumis. </span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">When Dragoumis
was shot and killed in 1920, she wore black for the rest of her life and became
the keeper of his writings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She herself
was a wonderful writer of well researched children’s books which both
entertained and educated young children about their country. All her life she took
a lively interest in Greek politics, education, and culture. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYW-sfnLCAK0E_ArE4hkxVOr8etLmB_B4Ha4X-cuJ3_Lh9FF-F1MsvBFZ19L1iWrrFWHgJOL1GcfDgw7CCq6NxU7T3XAhv3sZymLcWh1GhkRC2MDFsjxYfhaL8aMRX_L3yUe13nojge7-k1V56Zi-IB1-8ypS0UFReXsmkdUzUur7DQtsa8hNMa3a3/s282/imagesbfe.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="179" data-original-width="282" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYW-sfnLCAK0E_ArE4hkxVOr8etLmB_B4Ha4X-cuJ3_Lh9FF-F1MsvBFZ19L1iWrrFWHgJOL1GcfDgw7CCq6NxU7T3XAhv3sZymLcWh1GhkRC2MDFsjxYfhaL8aMRX_L3yUe13nojge7-k1V56Zi-IB1-8ypS0UFReXsmkdUzUur7DQtsa8hNMa3a3/w400-h254/imagesbfe.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Penelope Delta</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Penelope was
diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1925, a disease which caused a slow deterioration
of her health. Nonetheless, she continued writing until in 1941 when, on the
day the Germans invaded, she took poison and died a few days later. At her own
written request, she was buried in the garden of her villa and the single word
on her tombstone is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">silence</i>. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(3</span></b><span style="color: red;">)</span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-HwfC5vWudA2NakW6P4BNmUZwZea2v8aC4eQ6qZX2zMMqCi7Xlz9VxAs5hqxEgt_alr62ge0gd5Ce7pCDIm0ERCr1tT6xbAQLGlQVJ3zZusD6iFJ21Fd77C6_csBZdSBZvteL8ESp0SxBu9EWiqqwpMjk2EZ7__-ohbsvcEYQUjuY6r5XYRMwHFKv/s960/417900_637460826271445_1585487793_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="616" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-HwfC5vWudA2NakW6P4BNmUZwZea2v8aC4eQ6qZX2zMMqCi7Xlz9VxAs5hqxEgt_alr62ge0gd5Ce7pCDIm0ERCr1tT6xbAQLGlQVJ3zZusD6iFJ21Fd77C6_csBZdSBZvteL8ESp0SxBu9EWiqqwpMjk2EZ7__-ohbsvcEYQUjuY6r5XYRMwHFKv/w410-h640/417900_637460826271445_1585487793_n.jpg" width="410" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Stephanos Delta and two
of his daughter’s at Penelope’s grave</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Her life with
all its contradictions, still fascinates. Penelope Delta is considered one of
Greece’s most popular writers. In 1930 she was honoured by the Athens Academy.
Her daughter Alexandria Papadopoulou donated her home to the Benaki museum in
1977 and it now houses the Benakis museum’s archives.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Benakis Family Grave</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipCK3BRS2P40An4wkogpnmbwrxkCz_e3ymHUmQoSLKyadL7YT2iQKeuUkSuns7v5JFk1_XSbskCBa7clqDTQXgTc7r5-D2d39zmjrv96o-DQMXQkJKE8MA4dcHlLtxVLLwVQ86DERNxpOqFADH0-gx46wWYWXuMwSX6lVAamidJIGLn2NycMfdJSxz/s4608/Benaki%20tomb%20entry%20looking%20north.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipCK3BRS2P40An4wkogpnmbwrxkCz_e3ymHUmQoSLKyadL7YT2iQKeuUkSuns7v5JFk1_XSbskCBa7clqDTQXgTc7r5-D2d39zmjrv96o-DQMXQkJKE8MA4dcHlLtxVLLwVQ86DERNxpOqFADH0-gx46wWYWXuMwSX6lVAamidJIGLn2NycMfdJSxz/s320/Benaki%20tomb%20entry%20looking%20north.JPG" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Plaza, Number 64</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Perhaps those palms are
a nod to Alexandria</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Map</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPtFUka2Tw3Xt1QGx5N3H84L38_KSnGHzwkXLnwBi-cJJ3sfwrrCekgXMHckFPVgYM1tyu9RfAacia6ijF7Not5ZNPNdFn6ULl3YnZmjSX2nGccQwoXhffSSvsHGOtAjl6cvSM2k5WjHrs9tAb-qHcTrtlzrjP60E1Qpg1V9SsRLpaub71OCOrLB_U/s2846/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Benakis.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2575" data-original-width="2846" height="580" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPtFUka2Tw3Xt1QGx5N3H84L38_KSnGHzwkXLnwBi-cJJ3sfwrrCekgXMHckFPVgYM1tyu9RfAacia6ijF7Not5ZNPNdFn6ULl3YnZmjSX2nGccQwoXhffSSvsHGOtAjl6cvSM2k5WjHrs9tAb-qHcTrtlzrjP60E1Qpg1V9SsRLpaub71OCOrLB_U/w640-h580/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20Benakis.JPG" width="640" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 36.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.6pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The British invaded Egypt to put down
a nationalist revolution in 1882 in order to protect their financial interests.
They restored the Muhammid Ali dynasty but were really establishing a kind of
veiled protectorate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>which became an
actual one in 1914 when they chose another biddable member of the ruling family
to rule. At the same time, they took over<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>the political structure and the economy until the revolution of 1952.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 36.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.6pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Ironically, the Smyrna catastrophe
which resulted in the population exchange between Turkey and Greece after 1922
did mean that most ethnic Greeks had become citizens of Greece, but in a
smaller territory. This caused Greeks and their benefactors to look inward and
turn their efforts towards making what they did have a better place. Benakis
and his family became part of this effort. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 36.6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.6pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Penelope’s story is a poignant one
because of her intelligence and her divided loyalties. She did not fit the mould
of Alexandrian aristocracy and paid the price. It may have been this very issue
that prompted her to write books that are still delighting generations of young
Greeks. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.6pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Some Sources:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A Presence without a Narrative: The
Greeks in Egypt, 1961-1976 </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Une présence
sans récit : la communauté grecque en Égypte, 1961-1976. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Eftychia Mylona</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.andro.gr/empneusi/to-paradeigma-tou-antwni-mpenaki/"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http</span>://<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">www</span>.<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">andro</span>.<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">gr</span>/<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">empneusi</span>/<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">to</span>-<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">paradeigma</span>-<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">tou</span>-<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">antwni</span>-<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">mpenaki</span>/</a>:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Greek
Dominance in the Levantine Boom from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A
Brief History of Commercial Capitalism</i> by Jairius Banaji</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p> <br /><p></p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-70792972263822025522022-06-08T06:57:00.002-07:002022-06-08T07:06:08.193-07:00Dora Stratou<p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Dora Stratou <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ΔΟΡΑ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">ΣΤΡΑΤΟΥ </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Born 1903, Athens<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died, January 1988 </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirmQrg-V782Xh64t3AgkNXkGHjgy7THrImvLhCD-j9rYkCbTrPzOKf0O2phlpHQSCk8BvhU7s0t0D4iddtUxbRftT2m_W5NuPaWCvZd3EPxJHOhqnP0tjsbgfJYuiLd4z_-PBvTeSSUHgfvE5et438oR5xh4y9cHoi6W3RKRUnHlZc9yey2Q04_653/s4608/IMG_20220520_092845%20%CE%94%CE%A9%CE%A1%CE%91%20%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%A52.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirmQrg-V782Xh64t3AgkNXkGHjgy7THrImvLhCD-j9rYkCbTrPzOKf0O2phlpHQSCk8BvhU7s0t0D4iddtUxbRftT2m_W5NuPaWCvZd3EPxJHOhqnP0tjsbgfJYuiLd4z_-PBvTeSSUHgfvE5et438oR5xh4y9cHoi6W3RKRUnHlZc9yey2Q04_653/w640-h480/IMG_20220520_092845%20%CE%94%CE%A9%CE%A1%CE%91%20%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%A4%CE%9F%CE%A52.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> </span></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Section 5, Number 81</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Dora Stratou and Family</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Back in the
day a visit to Athens meant museums, the acropolis and an evening under the
stars at the Dora Stratou Theatre to see Folk Dances collected from all over
Greece. I enjoyed it although to say I considered it anything other than a colourful
and affordable entertainment would be incorrect. I absorbed it the same superficial
way I did a similar performance in Dubrovnik that same year. Many years later,
as a Greek citizen, I came to understand the magnitude of her contribution.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhggpyTGxQO8RdZpyaIcMRliBFRuCDXwzjlcXyqc2fJc0BaJ-fFkWSh7EHkvvZKv1RA5TK4JYDK_AhAE4QPAPt0IkXhQRhyYZCMjDORytDFugpnUpn-CTF8bsPgsxqbWdeG1OoHTd2W_A2SFai2HbwYK3ily3w8zQGYHUEUV8okHoydbdumZekhg0uM/s1150/1httpsindependent.gr_.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1150" data-original-width="838" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhggpyTGxQO8RdZpyaIcMRliBFRuCDXwzjlcXyqc2fJc0BaJ-fFkWSh7EHkvvZKv1RA5TK4JYDK_AhAE4QPAPt0IkXhQRhyYZCMjDORytDFugpnUpn-CTF8bsPgsxqbWdeG1OoHTd2W_A2SFai2HbwYK3ily3w8zQGYHUEUV8okHoydbdumZekhg0uM/w291-h400/1httpsindependent.gr_.jpg" width="291" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Dora Stratou
and her younger brother Andreas had no reason to love Greece. She was 19 years
old when her father, parliamentarian Nikolaos Stratos, was unfairly executed for
high treason by a Greek military court. The family’s wealth was confiscated and
Dora and her mother spent 10 years in exile. Her younger brother returned to
Greece in 1927 and became a member of parliament in 1932, the same year that she
and her mother returned to pick up the pieces of their shattered lives. He
remained a parliamentarian while she worked in the theatre until the idea of a
Dance Theatre was born in the early 1950s. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Theirs is a compelling story that brings into
focus the ideological ruptures in Greece after 1900. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">It’s
complicated.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red;"></span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Her Early Life </span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Dora was
born in 1903 in Athens. She lived on Hypatias Street , a narrow thoroughfare between
Mitropoleos and Apollonos Streets <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>behind
the Metropolitan Church. It would have been a one minute walk to Ermou street,
three minute walk to the royal palace in Syntagma and a five minute walk to the
parliament building on Stadiou Street where her father worked. Growing up, she
led a happy and advantaged life. Her family moved in the highest echelons of
Greek society including the royal court.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj50G84yepkhz6DIvfwLvZjEtv41aESuDr23-bh9RTLOTp_0ctQsFrq7Qri-3GTGmWfHv4sFJPHzCjiVxMXGX50LPVt0AokslDi20G0Gn9wgrDMHIAzk7EeV-IAwA7dTbKV1Hvj8WMamtfvFEturhIsTafwBGs4UuBaBHNWbp_4waFdxT8N8GQAeAnu/s1170/ermou%20in%201920.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="808" data-original-width="1170" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj50G84yepkhz6DIvfwLvZjEtv41aESuDr23-bh9RTLOTp_0ctQsFrq7Qri-3GTGmWfHv4sFJPHzCjiVxMXGX50LPVt0AokslDi20G0Gn9wgrDMHIAzk7EeV-IAwA7dTbKV1Hvj8WMamtfvFEturhIsTafwBGs4UuBaBHNWbp_4waFdxT8N8GQAeAnu/w400-h276/ermou%20in%201920.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Ermou Street as Dora
would have seen it in 1920</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Stratos
family had a long history of service to the nation. Her great grandfather had
fought in the War of Independence, had been a general under Kapodistrias and a
senator under King Othon. Her grandfather Andreas was a major general and
parliamentarian representing <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aitoloarkanania</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Her own father,
a lawyer, had entered parliament in 1902. This kind of continuous family
service was not only common in Greek politics, it was almost de rigueur for a
politician during that period to have an ancestor who had fought to free
Greece. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Hers was a
musical family. Her father Nikolaos played the piano and her mother was an
accomplished soprano. Dora and Andreas both inherited their love of music. Dora
would later say she had wanted to be an actress, but this would not have been
allowed in her social circle. Instead she studied piano (with future maestro <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2021/01/dimitris-mitropoulos-maestro.html">DimitrisMitropoulos</a>, no less) and entered the social activities of her class which
included balls at the palace and visits to the theatre. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiui5ZS60CbTOzLzv3tmdsxk2lcpcszEi-1ehKaAkzE0YvLWzJkEbs9Bmr_PmOyepjvK2-BJ0_a1tdVkeUmEMhNMC80oNSenU27_pL54uaxUfmLPuhY9U9zt13dN5pR2u3OwBy-pyjO1U5AzYopHz3mOnittTt9EW_Kuwjm9cXV6rM4nTKKMXh0Q3Lm/s1195/Ball_at_the_Royal_Palace_of_Athens_1889.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="894" data-original-width="1195" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiui5ZS60CbTOzLzv3tmdsxk2lcpcszEi-1ehKaAkzE0YvLWzJkEbs9Bmr_PmOyepjvK2-BJ0_a1tdVkeUmEMhNMC80oNSenU27_pL54uaxUfmLPuhY9U9zt13dN5pR2u3OwBy-pyjO1U5AzYopHz3mOnittTt9EW_Kuwjm9cXV6rM4nTKKMXh0Q3Lm/w400-h299/Ball_at_the_Royal_Palace_of_Athens_1889.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A ball at the Royal
palace of Athens in 1889 to celebrate the wedding of Prince Constantine with
princess Sophia of Prussia. </span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKN2Ku9ulsgcnX5IYuGQq9NGvSuuwff76UtNPTaMBs4x_8ksRrAZ8T5LLUn_LyJx6PiMEGRNJykevJwIUgMvHCJFJ_EdLm_Q4XBmTQpey8ouCJf1CyFtw_Y8ha_cU3dbyxHN57-bk9rLnr8kPtNmCMAG8X0ZNZoU1VZC1ob1gQDaDOZYxnSpcGHAz5/s1170/sheep%20in%201903.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="775" data-original-width="1170" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKN2Ku9ulsgcnX5IYuGQq9NGvSuuwff76UtNPTaMBs4x_8ksRrAZ8T5LLUn_LyJx6PiMEGRNJykevJwIUgMvHCJFJ_EdLm_Q4XBmTQpey8ouCJf1CyFtw_Y8ha_cU3dbyxHN57-bk9rLnr8kPtNmCMAG8X0ZNZoU1VZC1ob1gQDaDOZYxnSpcGHAz5/w400-h265/sheep%20in%201903.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sheep roaming the
Filopappou hill in 1904</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Athens was
small back then and its elite led very different lives from the general
population. As a teenager, Dora might have expected to make a good marriage within
her social circle and continue her life in the same vein. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">The First World War,
the Smyrna Catastrophe, and the Execution</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dora’s
father had become Minister of the Interior in 1909. In 1910 he joined the new
Liberal Party of Elefterios Venizelos, becoming the President of parliament a
year later.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He subsequently abandoned
the Liberals to join the royalist faction, not because he was against
Venizelos’ liberal reforms but because he could not support Venizelos’ growing republicanism.
The ideological gap between Venizelists and Royalists was becoming even wider as
time went on. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Royalists
were against joining Britain, France, and Russia (the Entente) in the war against
Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1914. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Venizelos believed that the Entente would win and that
if Greece participated she would gain the coast of Asia Minor when the victors
divided the spoils <span style="color: red;">(1)</span>. The fact that the three
Entente countries had been guarantors when Greece became a new nation and had a
long history of involvement with Greece (not always benign it has to be said)
was also a factor in their favour. King Constantine and his supporters contended
that the Central Powers might very well win and that joining the Entente might
endanger the Greek population still in Ottoman territory, particularly if the
Ottomans joined them (which they subsequently did). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>King Constantine admired Germany; he had gone
to military school there, and the Kaiser was his bother-in-law. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He favoured the less risky strategy of official
neutrality. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJhfgHUqXCWoTnT1hjoFEw_Xiv5bVe4CBdMlbRiWBld3C3p58JLmm30CszQGrn4gP8xTVO2Vc9UEBQmVF3xJ46GnyHco-OwbPA_6eSJ-w2m150Lgp6-jj9RY7tBhHHqpAyfeSpaWZCRWnYgIT2rEzLJg1VwcBHrvDZYpPOJlSdMC_bz8Qq_p7yknyT/s1024/1024px-The_persuading_of_Tino_(Punch_1916).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="779" data-original-width="1024" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJhfgHUqXCWoTnT1hjoFEw_Xiv5bVe4CBdMlbRiWBld3C3p58JLmm30CszQGrn4gP8xTVO2Vc9UEBQmVF3xJ46GnyHco-OwbPA_6eSJ-w2m150Lgp6-jj9RY7tBhHHqpAyfeSpaWZCRWnYgIT2rEzLJg1VwcBHrvDZYpPOJlSdMC_bz8Qq_p7yknyT/w640-h486/1024px-The_persuading_of_Tino_(Punch_1916).jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A Punch cartoon in 1915 showing Constantine (Tino) being pulled by the
Entente on the left and the Central Powers on the right.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The debate
was not about Greek expansionism. The </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">‘Great Idea’ of Greek expansion had had the support of almost
every Greek since the 1840s. <span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The clash between the Venizelists and the King led to a seven
month period in 1916-7 when Venizelos, supported by the Entente, headed a
provisional government in Thessaloniki and the royalists governed in Athens,
insisting on neutrality even as the Entente was deploying troops on Greek
territory. The royalist side demonized Venizelos and the Archbishop in Athens
excommunicated him, after which his ‘effigy’ (a bull’s head) was paraded
through the streets of Athens and stoned by the populace in a public park <span style="color: red;">(2)</span>. <span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkulbkUUNQPJZEWhfCJUmlgY6kFwX1HYW3WX3i5269-qLEwlzNmySZ2S_TbyZqa0Rs-GhW3KWuXpMIIOae78PXRlZP-VmlC7Lwh06uEkaCl1kXGisUgTYgDb6idNk7ILccTsNmFeH9-QfJODQhcxl6_8jPjIgTjI2yB5A3V6N1-kuNd31ZzZCLDVj2/s1081/anathema.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1081" data-original-width="807" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkulbkUUNQPJZEWhfCJUmlgY6kFwX1HYW3WX3i5269-qLEwlzNmySZ2S_TbyZqa0Rs-GhW3KWuXpMIIOae78PXRlZP-VmlC7Lwh06uEkaCl1kXGisUgTYgDb6idNk7ILccTsNmFeH9-QfJODQhcxl6_8jPjIgTjI2yB5A3V6N1-kuNd31ZzZCLDVj2/w478-h640/anathema.jpg" width="478" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The standoff ended with a victorious Venizelos returning to
Athens on a British warship to lead the government and King Constantine being forced
into exile. A purge of royalist politicians and army officers ensued (not to
mention the replacement of the excommunicating <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Archbishop). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many Royalists were forced into exile. Dora’s
father was not, but the Royalist faction’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>leader, <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2016/11/demetrios-gounaris.html">Dimitris Gournaris</a>, was. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was great bitterness and no real middle
ground.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Greece did join the war on the winning side and Venizelos successfully
negotiated for the Greek share of the disintegrating Ottoman Empire. With the Entente’s
blessing, a Greek army landed on the coast of Asia Minor in May of 1919. Their
arrival would mark the beginning of a three year long Greco-Turkish war which would
turn the perfect ending to the ‘Great idea’ into a crushing defeat.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">There were
many factors. The rise of the Turkish Nationalist Movement led by Mustafa Kemal
meant there was suddenly an army based in Ankara willing to fight for a secular
Turkish state<span style="color: red;">(3)</span>. Then, surprisingly, Venizelos
lost the 1920 elections in favour of the royalists who brought King Constantine
back after a questionable referendum. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At
that point, Britain made it clear that the return of the ‘hostile’ King would
mean there would no longer be British support or financial backing from the
Entente <span style="color: red;">(4)</span>. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">And yet, the
Royalist government decided to continue Venizelos’ policies, reversing their
election promise to ‘bring the boys home’ from Asia Minor. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Greek
army pushed deep into the Turkish hinterland but, after initial successes, they
were forced to retreat in August 1922. The troops were evacuated but the Greeks
of Smyrna were left to fend for themselves. When the Turkish army entered the
city, thousands died. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4ARIjt6fCT1ctMH0DSWpPu9f-vGzifUJThwu0fNWnoNBvMU6g6wXM8ynDj8KYCFlU0qTl6cDedHDDqIc1uX4OzxsSs9XYmfifeN02K7nniaFzOr-b49huNHpWheqe1BJSrTL_-PiHjlilBK0sZxjJfKO9v41SekqysH0sgg38tM7SFO2rHk7JCaRg/s280/index.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="280" height="411" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4ARIjt6fCT1ctMH0DSWpPu9f-vGzifUJThwu0fNWnoNBvMU6g6wXM8ynDj8KYCFlU0qTl6cDedHDDqIc1uX4OzxsSs9XYmfifeN02K7nniaFzOr-b49huNHpWheqe1BJSrTL_-PiHjlilBK0sZxjJfKO9v41SekqysH0sgg38tM7SFO2rHk7JCaRg/w640-h411/index.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Greeks waiting in vain
for ships to save themas Smyna burns </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Smyrna
catastrophe shocked the nation to its core. Disgusted army officers were left seething.
Blaming the civilian government and their own military leaders, they led a successful
revolt, asked Venizelos to negotiate with the Big Powers for them, and looked
for scapegoats. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the time of the
catastrophe, Dora’s father was the Minister of Foreign Affairs. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 261.8pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Trial and Execution
of the Six</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Nicolaos
Stratos was arrested along with eight others including Dimitrios Gounaris and
tried in a hastily assembled military court. He was one of the six sentenced to
death for treason in the early hours of November 29th. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIUbW7A4v8Iklk6qmzxlHPzsNSjW_k1g3ZoB6iAwcZTMwlrk9PxXzS5dKc7saf94LbKbA0GJyp0gOaArFXGYLczoGh-2EvcZwn3VyWsX1tJPM_DeWj6Wq3CFbno1B_MJNVamn8gR4XxQNuEX5ybmNn1yOIncman214h509B7_k9MvBoSAY5hlu1lrE/s640/Nikolaos_Stratos.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="640" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIUbW7A4v8Iklk6qmzxlHPzsNSjW_k1g3ZoB6iAwcZTMwlrk9PxXzS5dKc7saf94LbKbA0GJyp0gOaArFXGYLczoGh-2EvcZwn3VyWsX1tJPM_DeWj6Wq3CFbno1B_MJNVamn8gR4XxQNuEX5ybmNn1yOIncman214h509B7_k9MvBoSAY5hlu1lrE/w400-h294/Nikolaos_Stratos.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Nikolaos Stratos</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">They faced a
firing squad just hours after the verdict. It was a sordid and clandestine
affair. Dora and her mother were not allowed to attend the burial although they
were allowed to see him briefly before the execution. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>17 year old Andreas and a single priest were
grudgingly allowed to bury his body in the First Cemetery that afternoon. <span style="color: red;">(5)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">International
opinion had been against the entire process. Venizelos, who was in Europe
negotiating the Treaty of Lausanne at the time, did nothing to stop the trial.
He did protest after the sentencing but it was too late; they were already dead.
Traumatized and hounded by the public outcry, Dora, her mother and her brother
left the country. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Exiles</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A difficult
ten years followed in which Dora’s mother sang professionally and worked as a
seamstress to make ends meet and to allow her children to continue their
education.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They lived in Germany, France,
and New York. Andreas studied law in Germany and Paris before returning in 1927
to complete his degree at the University of Athens. Dora continued her musical
studies and briefly married in Paris in 1925. Her maid of honour was the exiled
princess Alice, mother of Prince Phillip of England <span style="color: red;">(6)</span>.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">The Return</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">When Andreas
and then Dora returned, Greek politics was still a revolving door of Prime
Ministers with Elefterios Venizelos usually the one on the inside and Greece
had been a republic since 1924.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why did
they come back? Of course, they had family and supporters in Greece and the
passions engendered by the Smyrna defeat had damped down, but I suspect it was
simply because, notwithstanding the cruelty of the state towards their father, they
believed in their country. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just hours
before his death, Nicolaos Stratos had said to his son,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Greece
is your fatherland. Love it. Those who are killing me are murderers<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. </b><span style="color: red;">(7)</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Andreas</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When Andreas ran for parliament in 1932 he declared<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, I am the son of the executed Nicolaos
Stratos. I have come to serve my country, not to avenge the wrongful death of
my father<span style="color: red;">(8)</span>. </i></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He was subsequently elected to Parliament nine times and was a minister
five times before he retired in 1962 to write a history of the Byzantine Empire
in the seventh century.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv9boPLQEjAD6P6uNnX2ykEatg6pAHfzlPg0Z0IaQqOuTjerkRfy1mvvUFTA7LoS0KIgThxv-fMF7oo9IEt9E68tnFqiieVU3kMioXCu9TXG2m-LSYdGIgiVmWzeO3aFjTOAxjlhuLJQbbsKfcHoF9TVjiqQUoruJaOMI42BD046kwolLq0BWEPM4q/s484/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81.%20%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82%201960%20%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%20%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="295" data-original-width="484" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv9boPLQEjAD6P6uNnX2ykEatg6pAHfzlPg0Z0IaQqOuTjerkRfy1mvvUFTA7LoS0KIgThxv-fMF7oo9IEt9E68tnFqiieVU3kMioXCu9TXG2m-LSYdGIgiVmWzeO3aFjTOAxjlhuLJQbbsKfcHoF9TVjiqQUoruJaOMI42BD046kwolLq0BWEPM4q/w400-h244/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81.%20%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82%201960%20%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%20%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Andreas attends the
opening of the new Agrinion hospital in 1960</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dora</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Upon her return, Dora began to mix with the new crop of intellectuals,
writers and artists who were emerging in Greece during the thirties and renewed
her interest in theatre, mostly behind the scenes. The return of the King (the
exiled King George 11 this time) in 1935 and rule of dictator Ioannis Metaxas
formed the political background of those years before the beginning of the
Second World War. In 1941, she helped her friend Karolos Koun in founding his now
famous Arts Theatre (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Theatro Technis</i>)
and continued to help in its administration from 1941 to 1949. During the
German occupation she took an active part in the philanthropic work of the
Archbishop of Athens and in 1951 became one of the original members of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hellenic Centre of the International Theatre
Institute</i>.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwnwPe96y-5pAW4Y2fCiQ6jbc7iGNEEpMHbMCy5T1D7iQxIHSwO8p5HGPWry51sOVtqxxFZYHcyJQNUT2njjaIFCx1qOWIRbv4oDhwZa9v1IxvCrn_yTWif1Xea9Gmln5mdChpQJAB7yS2TgC0KHNKB6sWLP7-gEn4UbWNRO2aVhFiouaGZSccUsX-/s1024/5.-%CE%97-%CE%94%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B1-%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%BC%CE%B5-%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD-%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7-%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9-%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD-%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7-%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7.T0416-1024x954.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="954" data-original-width="1024" height="373" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwnwPe96y-5pAW4Y2fCiQ6jbc7iGNEEpMHbMCy5T1D7iQxIHSwO8p5HGPWry51sOVtqxxFZYHcyJQNUT2njjaIFCx1qOWIRbv4oDhwZa9v1IxvCrn_yTWif1Xea9Gmln5mdChpQJAB7yS2TgC0KHNKB6sWLP7-gEn4UbWNRO2aVhFiouaGZSccUsX-/w400-h373/5.-%CE%97-%CE%94%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B1-%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%BC%CE%B5-%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD-%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7-%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9-%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD-%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7-%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7.T0416-1024x954.jpg" width="400" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /> </i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dora and
friends</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Greek
Dances – Dora Stratou”</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1952 Dora saw a performance that would change the course of her life.
It was a one hundred strong Yugoslavian dance troupe which was travelling
Europe, featuring the Folk dances, music, and costumes of their native country.
Nothing like that existed in Greece, only a few yearly performances by the
women of the Lyceum of Greek women, but that was more of an urban pageant allowing
daughters of the elite to imitate the real thing. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Greece had nothing even close to the
Yugoslavian troupe. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Megas, a university
professor of folklore, suggested that they should create a national ensemble. Dora
asked Sophocles Venizelos, vice-president of the Liberal government at the time,
for financial assistance and Queen Frederika, wife of King Paul of Greece, was
also enthusiastic. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The plan was to create a permanent professional ensemble capable of
daily performances as well as making tours abroad to introduce the rest of the
world to authentic Greek dance. It was to have a large repertoire, a rich and
authentic wardrobe collected from all over Greece, and a program designed to
attract audiences. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Greek Dances – Dora
Stratou</i> society was created in 1952 and their first performance was in
January of 1953 in Thessaloniki. In the same year Dora created <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Greek Company of folk Dance and song</i></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,
a group which would perform outside of Greece. Their first performance was in
Holland in 1953.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyhA9DSnhEcYIFIewLoys-fvXrKI_UNcpqzanyRkUNFmNmCtcgCjRBCb9pm8Sifcv571lzYm3oVYqd7lp3Gll7R0lpxTqRg3uQwCd5MYBk67Z3VQoOyE2N4hOUekWO61488Cgr4JdSh9YDJ7XNM0PMjLbL_kCU1bbPe-WUfTBo4UFTdEy2TTAQtDJP/s600/dora_stratounbv.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="401" data-original-width="600" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyhA9DSnhEcYIFIewLoys-fvXrKI_UNcpqzanyRkUNFmNmCtcgCjRBCb9pm8Sifcv571lzYm3oVYqd7lp3Gll7R0lpxTqRg3uQwCd5MYBk67Z3VQoOyE2N4hOUekWO61488Cgr4JdSh9YDJ7XNM0PMjLbL_kCU1bbPe-WUfTBo4UFTdEy2TTAQtDJP/w640-h428/dora_stratounbv.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Dance Theatre would be her passion for the rest of her life and the
timing was perfect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Greece was at the
very beginning of the tourist boom that would change the face of the nation and
folk art, folk dances, and folklore had been occupying the minds of many in
Greece for quite some time. After Smyrna, the nation<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>began to look inward and back to their more
recent past in order to reveal the long tradition of dance stretching right
back to the ancients, and proving in the process <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that there was something uniquely ‘Hellenic’
about the dances being gathered from around the country.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoxha5W0Xx3BdR-WKVH5xqEVY6T_jRSYlIzQmg5-064AyUYR8WPfDNxZjK1qhv5JW8mukAgs-cY_kD7HzmZbAn94ZjQAtsGNuhH-2vBq7cJLEJTM_cfDrdrFiMhREq5MIgyMUdGUxXoybzMmE08TZKuLRtZzTHU1_JrWhpDtmCUDSuwCXbbNMol7WY/s1024/dora-stratoy-i-gynaika-poy-diesose-toys-ellinikoys-paradosiakoys-choroys-7.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="1024" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoxha5W0Xx3BdR-WKVH5xqEVY6T_jRSYlIzQmg5-064AyUYR8WPfDNxZjK1qhv5JW8mukAgs-cY_kD7HzmZbAn94ZjQAtsGNuhH-2vBq7cJLEJTM_cfDrdrFiMhREq5MIgyMUdGUxXoybzMmE08TZKuLRtZzTHU1_JrWhpDtmCUDSuwCXbbNMol7WY/w640-h412/dora-stratoy-i-gynaika-poy-diesose-toys-ellinikoys-paradosiakoys-choroys-7.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She was helped in her endeavours by many of her artist friends along
with folklorists Like Angeliki, Hatzimichalis. What an amazing group they were:
composer Manos Hatzidakis, painter Yannis Tsarouchis, musicologist Foivos
Anorgheianakis, musicologist Simon Karas, painter Giannis Moralis, poet Odysseas
Elytis, and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>actor Dimitris Horn, just to
name a few. The troupe’s first costumes were created by Yannis Tsarouchis who painstakingly
painted the embroidery details by hand. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjck_9ITlMCc8Z-qMVlk6tIOo5z0UB0byISC6s3mZxOVj2a1H0CDNsPd_ueBLLFLNpKAUUYdY--awvIDIjC5pvqHvx3jgRsg2YWZUA5yufdLEhTkaaMWKgAW2ly2m7MuMQDBlQHMvkRLWrDNjYhTqwggfR5qmelXn43ZntcpaGmgWV0AXMV6-MQ9tt1/s276/images.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="276" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjck_9ITlMCc8Z-qMVlk6tIOo5z0UB0byISC6s3mZxOVj2a1H0CDNsPd_ueBLLFLNpKAUUYdY--awvIDIjC5pvqHvx3jgRsg2YWZUA5yufdLEhTkaaMWKgAW2ly2m7MuMQDBlQHMvkRLWrDNjYhTqwggfR5qmelXn43ZntcpaGmgWV0AXMV6-MQ9tt1/w640-h424/images.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Over the years, Dora and others in her troupe toured villages collecting
authentic dances, songs, costumes, and jewellry. It was not always easy as she
described in an interview in 1967. A lot of time, patience, ouzo drinking, and
cajoling was required to persuade the locals to reveal their dances and bring
out their costumes. She would ultimately amass the biggest collection of folk
costumes in Greece and, as with everything, she insisted on authenticity. For
that reason, she did not hire choreographers to enhance the dances. She wanted
to present the ‘real thing’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1963, Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis, ordered the construction
of an 860 seat open air theatre for the ensemble on the Filopappou hill, which
is where the troupe performs today. The stage area had to be as large as the
open areas in Greek villages where so many of the dances were originally
performed. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk4OX5eH-emC3vDN9APjdH25Lo6t8qRpqW3-sETBewEGWgahQ0EXTFqJOla1RG6AGMGnZw3Sln3fIU6A-UnhRXZjjzZ6g9c3pqsDAnV06ZbByWpa5En1PhgOb4Br3jZukvSGznuS_KgHZUey4Y9cZubbOj8jmJFwAqrM7Iz7Z94DGZkWb54lNckU7m/s619/Theatro_doras_stratou_04.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="348" data-original-width="619" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk4OX5eH-emC3vDN9APjdH25Lo6t8qRpqW3-sETBewEGWgahQ0EXTFqJOla1RG6AGMGnZw3Sln3fIU6A-UnhRXZjjzZ6g9c3pqsDAnV06ZbByWpa5En1PhgOb4Br3jZukvSGznuS_KgHZUey4Y9cZubbOj8jmJFwAqrM7Iz7Z94DGZkWb54lNckU7m/w640-h360/Theatro_doras_stratou_04.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">An indoor area was created for rehearsals. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dora could not have done this alone. Many in
her troupe also scoured the country for material and she had financial help
from the Greek government and from private donors. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In Greece, political turmoil is never far away and Dora ran afoul of the
1967 military dictatorship because she hid left-leaning publishing tycoon Christos
Lambrakis in her home when the Junta was hunting him down. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was arrested but was released because of
protests led by actress Melina Mercouri.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dora would subsequently be awarded the prestigious World Theatre Award,
the Academy of Athens Award, a Ford Foundation grant and many other honours for
her contribution to the nation. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She wrote
three books “A Tradition, an Adventure”, “Greek Dances, a Living Link to the
Antiquity”, and “Traditional Greek Dances”. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifhG0Zl_hv-po1WqcecuVoyFXeom1bwa0HZtSx6PJzbrqF8nGTkKDYdxm7WQMN_i80Rnq6OIrrLAvM9EV4nUwwbrXFKzWXmAmo6RUf2TaF68v_PfMvXugfDvLqBHIaMju5uVwTJZEWmS6_N4g8DpHEhB31gijaJ46Cm4LJI3lys4RCtzrOgPHsz-1M/s1024/894040_460758990692754_2017197602_o-792x1024.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="792" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifhG0Zl_hv-po1WqcecuVoyFXeom1bwa0HZtSx6PJzbrqF8nGTkKDYdxm7WQMN_i80Rnq6OIrrLAvM9EV4nUwwbrXFKzWXmAmo6RUf2TaF68v_PfMvXugfDvLqBHIaMju5uVwTJZEWmS6_N4g8DpHEhB31gijaJ46Cm4LJI3lys4RCtzrOgPHsz-1M/w310-h400/894040_460758990692754_2017197602_o-792x1024.jpg" width="310" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1983 she retired due to ill health but her work has continued and is
housed in a three storey building at 8 Scholiou Street, the largest building in
the Plaka in Athens. All three levels are needed for offices, areas for the
many student programs run by the organization, and a place to store their
amazing collection of costumes. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dora passed away in January 1988.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">An Afterword</span></b></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In
1932, the year Dora returned, Eleftherios Venizelos was Prime Minister. In
parliament that year, he went so far as to agree, that the six men executed were
not guilty of treason. But he refused to condemn the revolutionary officers
behind the execution because they had <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">acted
in a patriotic and virtuous way</i>.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>Well...
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>small comfort to the Stratos family. Nikolaos
Plastiras, the architect of that trial and execution went on to become a Prime
Minister of Greece and died a well respected figure.<span style="color: red;">(9)</span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
Stratos family story highlights for me the multileveled meanings of the word<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> patriotism</i> in Greece and the shifting line
between loyalty to the Nation and loyalty to the State. Venizelos used this
dichotomy himself to justify his breakaway regime in 1916. He argued that <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Whereas the state had betrayed its
obligations, it remains to the Nation to act in order to achieve the task
assigned to them. <span style="color: red;">(10) </span></span></i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2010, a lawsuit was brought to the courts
by the descendent of one of the six and the court reversed their conviction. They</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">accepted that the six had been victims of circumstances beyond
their control. Textbooks were altered in the light of the decision. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a kind of vindication.</span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Footnotes</span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt;">(<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span>) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">There were other players involved in
the potential breakup of Ottoman lands, France, Italy and Britain all had their
eyes on the body of the dying Ottoman Empire, as did Russia. Venizelos had
tried to bring the King over to his thinking. In 1915 he wrote: "I have
the impression that the concessions to Greece in Asia Minor ... would be
so extensive that another equally large and not less rich Greece will be added
to the doubled Greece which emerged from the victorious Balkan wars”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Venizelos was even willing at that stage <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to give up Kavalla and Drama so recently
acquired in those Balkan Wars, if he could get the much larger Greek population
of Asia Minor into the Greek state.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(2)
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">When the bull’s head
story reached the foreign press it caused quite a sensation among folklorists
like Sir James Fraser author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Golden Bough.</i> He wrote an article about it as an interesting aspect of
Greek folk custom. There was one other response to the stoning: the next
morning the stones were covered with roses with a note: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">From the
Venizelists of Athens</i>!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(3)
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Mustafa Kemal (later
Attaturk) was as fanatic about creating a Turkish state for Turks as any other
nationalist of his era although he was more ruthless. As fellow statesmen, he
and Venizelos developed a rapport over time. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(4)
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">From Roderick Beaton’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Greece: Biography of a Modern Nation</i>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(5)
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The trial and execution
of the six is described in detail by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Andre Gerolymatos,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in his
introduction to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Red Acropolis, Black
Terror.</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(6)
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Alice’s husband, Prince
Andrew had been one of the military leaders in Asia Minor and narrowly escaped
being tried himself. He was evacuated from Greece by the British when Prince
Phillip was a baby.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(7)
</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">From</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-themecolor: text1;">Εις</span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-themecolor: text1;">Θάνατον</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"> by Basily Tzanakaris, quoted by Beaton
in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Greece:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>biography of a Modern Nation</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(8)</span></i><span lang="EL" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">"</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ήρθα να βοηθήσω και να
υπηρετήσω την πατρίδα μου και όχι να εκδικηθώ τον άδικο θάνατο του πατέρα
μου". </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">From: </span><a href="http://www.epoxi.gr/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1/persons73.htm"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://www.epoxi.gr/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1/persons73.htm</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> )</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(9)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Soldier<span style="color: red;"> </span>Nikolaos
Plastiras was called the ‘dark rider’, by his many fans and was a hero of the
Balkan Wars and the only Venizelist officer not purged in 1917. He had every
right to resent the handling of the Smyrna campaign. He is buried in the First
Cemetery as well. I might be inclined to call the story of his life “The Dark
Horse”.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(10)
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(From the chapter The Self Divided
1913-1923 in Roderick Beaton’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Greece: Biography
of a Modern Nation.</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Primary Sources</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;"><a href="https://www.maxmag.gr/afieromata/dora-stratoy-mia-gynaika-poy-stirixe-tin-paradosi/"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">https://www.maxmag.gr/afieromata/dora-stratoy-mia-gynaika-poy-stirixe-tin-paradosi/</span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Greece: Biography of a Modern Nation</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> by Roderick Beaton</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Choreographic Politics: State Folk Dance Companies,
Representation and Power</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"> by Anthony Shay</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EL" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Εις</span><span lang="EL" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Θάνατον</span><span lang="EL" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">by Basilis Tzanakaris</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Red
Acropolis; Black Terror</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> by Andre Gerolymatos</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.wnyc.org/story/interview-with-dora-stratou/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://www.wnyc.org/story/interview-with-dora-stratou/</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Avery
interesting<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>radio interview in which
Dora talks about her life and work. The discussion is in English.</span></p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-32573173407133635162022-05-22T05:36:00.002-07:002023-07-09T10:36:24.181-07:00Alexandros Koumoundouros<p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if !mso]>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alexandros
Koumoundouros<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΚΟΥΜΟΥΝΔΟΥΡΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Born 1815 in the Mani<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died
1883, Athens</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
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Number 843A</span></b>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Maniot Alexandros
Koumoundouros was born too late to fight in the Greek War of Independence but
he made up for that by entering another battlefield: Greek politics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was the target of assassins three times during
his political career, incidents that would not have fazed a true Maniot<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>because the Mani was a place where blood
feuds, betrayals, and precarious alliances were a way of life. He survived and
thrived almost continuously as a parliamentarian for 32 years and served an
astounding ten times as Prime Minister, a record for a Greek politician. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He held other posts as well, twice
as Speaker of Parliament and 18 times as a minister, in the fields of
economics, the interior, and education. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Along
the way he helped to strengthen and uphold the parliamentary system and significantly
improved the lives of Greek Peasant farmers. </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Uo6Iv5ZpAJvT1MkVGDc40gyu4ZvpQKjBhST_Pi9mwCNc38S5YB5D4ts1CVI4WKe5rKaUMl7NGQAadxuMRHJlLQPJ43OHJhE67pv7xR8W0HAbBT4ShrI3m4F8Rq5Tab7mr98Y4JuXx-tcx9fbjDt86KGIqS5pmdgshegEu2p_YEpgnXAYaXoraNro/s856/d88d434cd5d84c4c2d40d1b2675949da_L.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="856" data-original-width="600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Uo6Iv5ZpAJvT1MkVGDc40gyu4ZvpQKjBhST_Pi9mwCNc38S5YB5D4ts1CVI4WKe5rKaUMl7NGQAadxuMRHJlLQPJ43OHJhE67pv7xR8W0HAbBT4ShrI3m4F8Rq5Tab7mr98Y4JuXx-tcx9fbjDt86KGIqS5pmdgshegEu2p_YEpgnXAYaXoraNro/w448-h640/d88d434cd5d84c4c2d40d1b2675949da_L.jpg" width="448" /></a></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A handy
list of his many stints as Prime Minister</span></i></div>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Beginning</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
Koumoundouros family has had a long history. They were forced out of
Constantinople in 1453 along with other members of the Byzantine elite when it
fell to the Ottomans. These displaced families scattered to just about
everywhere - Epirus, Italy, Russia, and to the Mani,</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> an arid, mountainous area in the south
Peloponnese which had been home to bandits, outcasts and rebels since ancient times.
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqL7BAa7u6n6wa475THLd-wrVn-e86WVTDInm-_lLGM2Cf_wT0Feh0TgmO3OqmZh3yfgv3pEp5BVUsRgoB7PlI6UWkDiUO1ljj8HvESVaDGH_LKMyrsQEneAW63SH0fCPZlhnaLujXeB6WjyimfRRz9oc8sQcFWPo-vEfhl-anLUuRM7R8wTEppcvq/s642/Map-of-Peloponnese.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="523" data-original-width="642" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqL7BAa7u6n6wa475THLd-wrVn-e86WVTDInm-_lLGM2Cf_wT0Feh0TgmO3OqmZh3yfgv3pEp5BVUsRgoB7PlI6UWkDiUO1ljj8HvESVaDGH_LKMyrsQEneAW63SH0fCPZlhnaLujXeB6WjyimfRRz9oc8sQcFWPo-vEfhl-anLUuRM7R8wTEppcvq/w400-h326/Map-of-Peloponnese.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Taygetus mountain range forms the backbone
of the Mani. </span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There, a unique and hybrid culture had developed
in which powerful clans cemented by family connections competed to build fortified
towers. Each clan aimed to enlarge and consolidate its area at the expense of other
clans. It was a hard scrabble existence with boundaries and alliances changing
frequently. Banditry, piracy, and stints as soldiers for one war lord or
another were their means of survival in the constant struggle to remain free
and beyond the reach of the Ottomans. Many Mani clan leaders would become
heroes during the War of Independence and a disproportionate number of them
would later become politicians or members of the Greek armed forces in the new
nation. Their heritage literally made them ‘fighting fit’.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Koumoundourakis <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(1)</span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span>clan settled in the northernmost part of the Outer
Mani and by the mid 1700s, their influence stretched from the castle of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Zarnata (today’s Kampos) north to what are now
the southern suburbs of Kalamata (the area of Avia, Mikri Mantinea, and Selitsa).
Their territory is shown on the map below:</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEginuEg_0Z2i3QNC8dKEQPoV7uy1zCr2m1R8RbHxP-4wDyWocFuy3CSvQeju4ndKOWHZIBprIZxlAM5xk9-vDht-_ad2VhDWRVXUCbuehMTnrcivlj3zrEsgz3T57iugXvONMLkwc-hFcE_Ru2FSFaHS-cGvjUlIRsuJZ-VlSiE5Ql1KNa2iHRxu9eY/s1685/verga%201835%20map.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1305" data-original-width="1685" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEginuEg_0Z2i3QNC8dKEQPoV7uy1zCr2m1R8RbHxP-4wDyWocFuy3CSvQeju4ndKOWHZIBprIZxlAM5xk9-vDht-_ad2VhDWRVXUCbuehMTnrcivlj3zrEsgz3T57iugXvONMLkwc-hFcE_Ru2FSFaHS-cGvjUlIRsuJZ-VlSiE5Ql1KNa2iHRxu9eY/w640-h496/verga%201835%20map.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The distance between Selitsa and the castle at
Kampos is a mere 21 kilometres.</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1760, Athanasios Koumoundourakis had
control of Zarnata’s castle.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUl-Ugq4XMgxWaAts_Dn7I0taB1N5W4yMijl9qQJlCL6PdRVv-RgOB-ZFynhtDt65jBcnumS7LNnELcvPikEYEFsCFeXJNk9kqAmUQ5LoPvJyAG2_0Mdz6itzn4HZ7IcMKQyUBCpm3Omdd-5YF1h0l-8gP0BXIneXMMBPPKvbQNcGoL0LHGqJmVKrC/s540/zarnata67.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="540" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUl-Ugq4XMgxWaAts_Dn7I0taB1N5W4yMijl9qQJlCL6PdRVv-RgOB-ZFynhtDt65jBcnumS7LNnELcvPikEYEFsCFeXJNk9kqAmUQ5LoPvJyAG2_0Mdz6itzn4HZ7IcMKQyUBCpm3Omdd-5YF1h0l-8gP0BXIneXMMBPPKvbQNcGoL0LHGqJmVKrC/w640-h426/zarnata67.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Still picturesque and well fortified as you
can see</span></i></div>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It was passed on to Panayiotis Koumoundourakis who
became the Bey of the Mani in 1798. The Ottomans had been using local warlords
as governors or Beys as early as
1670 because they had so little control over the area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a dangerous job and only a few died
peacefully. The Ottomans did not trust them and quite frequently neither did
their fellow Maniots. Panayiotis lasted until 1803 when the Ottomans arrested
him. He died in a Constantinople jail. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This is the
situation and mind set into which Alexandros Koumoundourakis was born in Selitsa
in 1815.<span style="color: red;">(2)</span> It was an era when Maniot fathers
like his own </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">would announce the birth of a male in
the family as an extra ‘gun’. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">An
1806<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>Traveller William Gell drew a
sketch of Selitsa and wrote, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The village
of Selitsa affords an excellent idea of those inconveniences to which people
submit for the sake of calling themselves free.</i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyPl79z29w1kekxNYJJ0WPxUo8_VH5t6JoMG3w3DgLbNw9VPAJB1plnyUoPL8nGmm5wEBA26HYNhHwzMX7tMCGDKgdiupVm6aNiJdqv56_SAOKeBQwt24x0-1p22I7EvdkLLPo5gIYcEGZEwHoXNSCtI12TmtJEfUR-uQLiz3rxFMYnLwWtv8uRhwZ/s963/Sketch%20by%20W%20Gell%20-%20Copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="485" data-original-width="963" height="322" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyPl79z29w1kekxNYJJ0WPxUo8_VH5t6JoMG3w3DgLbNw9VPAJB1plnyUoPL8nGmm5wEBA26HYNhHwzMX7tMCGDKgdiupVm6aNiJdqv56_SAOKeBQwt24x0-1p22I7EvdkLLPo5gIYcEGZEwHoXNSCtI12TmtJEfUR-uQLiz3rxFMYnLwWtv8uRhwZ/w640-h322/Sketch%20by%20W%20Gell%20-%20Copy.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Gell’s 1806 drawing with Selitsa circled</span></i></div>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Selitsa, overlooked the narrow passage south
to the Inner Mani. It became the site of a famous Maniote victory in 1826 when
Alexandros would have been eleven or so. Ibrahim Pasha was attempting to enter
the Mani from Kalamata.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The defenders </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">built a one kilometre stone defensive wall
below</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"> Selitsa and, behind it,</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> the Maniots
held off Ibrahim’s superior force until Theodoros Kolokotronis could bring reinforcements.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From above, the wall resembled a tree
branch (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">verga </i>in Greek). To
commemorate the victory, the name of Selitsa was changed to Verga. That is why
Koumoundouros’ birthplace is not found on any modern maps.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRFg_TiLnBqcKcUQmhf97TqrbdBQKr9ymK3V4AhWJHUOeUElsHBCtJvYWJ26h2wOh5Qi0oMAFuuL6Ils6bBjmMkvKEjol0vS9ft--sR-r4S-mGiOQSGAQ55dVZXUU3WSiYEr7nSndutac6pxUB-ZwazEn91lwtOT-GrouKiCR6tn7IIs1_dewMYwGu/s284/images.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="177" data-original-width="284" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRFg_TiLnBqcKcUQmhf97TqrbdBQKr9ymK3V4AhWJHUOeUElsHBCtJvYWJ26h2wOh5Qi0oMAFuuL6Ils6bBjmMkvKEjol0vS9ft--sR-r4S-mGiOQSGAQ55dVZXUU3WSiYEr7nSndutac6pxUB-ZwazEn91lwtOT-GrouKiCR6tn7IIs1_dewMYwGu/w400-h249/images.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><br /><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">You can still visit the Koumoundouros tower
house just outside of Kampos. It is hard to miss because a bust of Alexandros
has been placed at its entrance.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1830 to 1882</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When Greece finally gained its freedom, Alexandros
was sent to high school in Nauplio, an educational opportunity hitherto denied
to Peloponnesians under the Ottomans, and then went on to the newly established
University of Athens to study law. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgqHo3kxYo1OUBCR03I0WHjNM5dQzDZzpZRZTNBOvrpJya1EqqWOioiitYxPoDYia0uh30VsxeEn_KeSkYvjW52ZuFD5ezCYS6V5QqpcCJ1U3vfzt1GTdNyXg9WptUKTIoKIUGhQyptEqMwh6apjt2n1CVPk-wMEZ74RhgDjSuQRmjEaFCgX-siFj1/s299/indexbbb.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="299" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgqHo3kxYo1OUBCR03I0WHjNM5dQzDZzpZRZTNBOvrpJya1EqqWOioiitYxPoDYia0uh30VsxeEn_KeSkYvjW52ZuFD5ezCYS6V5QqpcCJ1U3vfzt1GTdNyXg9WptUKTIoKIUGhQyptEqMwh6apjt2n1CVPk-wMEZ74RhgDjSuQRmjEaFCgX-siFj1/w400-h225/indexbbb.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>The old
university at Plaka’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">5 Tholou Street was in use from 1837-1841</i></span></div>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">He interrupted his law studies in 1841 to volunteer
in the failed Cretan Revolution against Ottoman rule and almost lost his life
during the battle of Apokoronos near Chania. He then returned to Athens,
becoming the secretary of Theodoros Grivas. In 1847, at the age of 32, he returned
closer to home in Messenia, as the newly appointed deputy prosecutor of
Kalamata, a position he held for three years. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While there he married <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Aikaterini Mavromichali</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a
member of the most famous Maniot clan of them all.<span style="color: red;">(3)</span>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had a son <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Konstantinos (1846 -1924) and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a daughter who did not survive. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">After the death of his first wife, he would remarry and have a
son, Spyridon and a daughter Olga. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">He had his eye on a career in politics during the
1840s and in 1850 <span style="color: red;">(4) </span>was elected as a deputy representing
Messenia. Apparently he shortened his name during this period, dropping the áki’
suffix. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 293.95pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Koumoundouros
became a parliamentarian at a<span style="color: red;"> </span>critical period in
the development of parliamentary rule. Just 7 short years before his election,
Bavarian King Othon had been ruling as an absolute monarch and the new constitution
of 1844 was still weighted heavily in favour of the king. He could personally appoint
the members of a 27 man Senate and appoint the justices of the realm. His legislative
powers would raise eyebrows in any democracy today. Nor were there political
parties in the way we understand the term today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Followers might coalesce behind a charismatic
leader for a time and then sink into oblivion upon the death or defeat of their
leader and then a new leader would emerge. It was a precarious system which promoted
vicious political infighting, short term promises, and at the same time favoured
the elite, the king, and, of course, the charismatic. The situation became<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> slightly</i> more even handed after the
ousting of King Othon 1862 and the investiture of King George 1. The new
constitution of 1864 abolished the senate and, on paper at least, the new king
was more accountable to the nation. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 293.95pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif7_Ef72gbBMyijqVBXnLvAXsXEDuw59m_IzHXYkiR9dDHE5DvmBQTU2xjCwsN6P0VhrxN4ZE-c_c9SCbcnfYmm6YS3uLDHnJBDYsxCGepGr7TfjVS7DLc9XfFxJOKQu7-B9OX2BbmJL6_XG_-x7fGbQeooUdi6kuyXTkYhAKy6m8Ff3AUUe036eg_/s337/220px-King_George_I_of_Greece_Southwell_Bros.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="337" data-original-width="220" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif7_Ef72gbBMyijqVBXnLvAXsXEDuw59m_IzHXYkiR9dDHE5DvmBQTU2xjCwsN6P0VhrxN4ZE-c_c9SCbcnfYmm6YS3uLDHnJBDYsxCGepGr7TfjVS7DLc9XfFxJOKQu7-B9OX2BbmJL6_XG_-x7fGbQeooUdi6kuyXTkYhAKy6m8Ff3AUUe036eg_/w261-h400/220px-King_George_I_of_Greece_Southwell_Bros.jpg" width="261" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">King George
I, photographed in 1863 - a teenager with a lot of power...</i></span></div>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 293.95pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">By 1864, Koumoundouros had his own set of
followers and probably an equally large number of enemies. A disgruntled Cretan
veteran tried to kill him in front of the parliament buildings that year and who
was actually behind that attempt was never fully established. In 1865 he
decided to start his own political party, the Nationalist Party (</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Κόμμα</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Ἐθνικοφρόνων</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">)</span> <span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">and
was elected Prime Minister for the first time that same year. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His Successes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Land Reform </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Koumoundouros is remembered today because of the
land reforms he instituted in 1871. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
Greece became a nation in 1830, it was overwhelmingly rural and yet 70 percent
of the land was owned by the state. This meant that over 120,000 Greek peasant
farmers were virtually squatters on public lands. There was always talk about
distributing this land but in some government quarters the view persisted that
these lands might also be profitably sold to raise money for the cash strapped state.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1871 Koumoundouros, as Prime Minister,
changed the law, turning peasants into farmers on their own land. The criteria for
possession was having lived on and used the land claimed for the previous 30
years. (The term for this in Greek is χρησικτησ</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ί</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">α and the law is still on the books today).
This reform had the effect of giving a broad stratum of small farming landowners
(about 50,000) a real stake and say in the democratic process. A positive by
product of this agrarian reform was the reduction in banditry which was a
plague during those years because so many of the destitute landless peasantry
had turned to it in desperation.<span style="color: red;">(5)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1881 Thessaly
and the Area around Arta Join Greece</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Land acquisition was, of course, the goal of
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Great Idea</i> - to encompass all
ethnic Greeks into the new nation. It was never easy and success depended on
the Big Powers and the astuteness of Greek politicians in pleading their cause
behind the scenes. After a complicated series of negotiations in which Greece threatened
war against the Ottomans, the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Great Powers and the Ottoman Empire signed a treaty (The Convention of
Constantinople, 24 May 1881) which finalized the new borders. The treaty was
ratified in Greece on July 2 of that same year. This land transfer occurred
when Koumoundouros was Prime Minister but he cannot take all of the credit. No
Prime Minister was in power long enough during this period to be able to claim
that any long term strategy was his alone.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuIwnzW4YfItzRYORO-JOhPol5Mndbcvrgv6-6M6fZ4lH9UQELCTPZi9aAfhdCY_BetiiuWx8jAB6mXKaHj0_47QjmHhTD1r34aEP76ZLa9zNB3cHMZT3OmhX23HCDTbWgcNY7lSA2-JcrkmBsc6FCGuMirfGEHFSumyLEjFFdts-ZEtOBU_afXaKI/s640/640px-Territorial_Expansion_of_Greece_from_1832%E2%80%931947.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="640" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuIwnzW4YfItzRYORO-JOhPol5Mndbcvrgv6-6M6fZ4lH9UQELCTPZi9aAfhdCY_BetiiuWx8jAB6mXKaHj0_47QjmHhTD1r34aEP76ZLa9zNB3cHMZT3OmhX23HCDTbWgcNY7lSA2-JcrkmBsc6FCGuMirfGEHFSumyLEjFFdts-ZEtOBU_afXaKI/w400-h288/640px-Territorial_Expansion_of_Greece_from_1832%E2%80%931947.gif" width="400" /></a></span></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The 1881 acquisition is in light blue</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
End</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ironically, he was voted out of
power in 1882 shortly after the acquisition of Thessaly; the newly enfranchised
voters (mostly farmers!) had elected an opponent. As a result Koumoundouros
resigned on March 3 of that year. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">He died not long after on February
16, 1883 at his home in Plateia Ludwig just off Piraeus Street in downtown
Athens</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(6)</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was buried at public expense in the First
Cemetery of Athens. In his honour, the square was renamed Plateia
Koumoundourou. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2MATInCkss_Auhs3BshzUSExYiGqjDOOza8u-7LjPRgsXorukgSaMRkantbn9Ax2cLW_744i1bdkYx27UtAbTGxCd_zpU-nvIHgbNeGMpIuuZygvx4XoIVpU0xGvSAqFtl8g6nXy4plAChhqmcsJL5vHajQocMqIVdvw8V3LoDlelOCrtcrMLi6PF/s600/built%201850%20destroyed%201978%201st%20belonged%20to%20ioannis%20karatzas.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="403" data-original-width="600" height="269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2MATInCkss_Auhs3BshzUSExYiGqjDOOza8u-7LjPRgsXorukgSaMRkantbn9Ax2cLW_744i1bdkYx27UtAbTGxCd_zpU-nvIHgbNeGMpIuuZygvx4XoIVpU0xGvSAqFtl8g6nXy4plAChhqmcsJL5vHajQocMqIVdvw8V3LoDlelOCrtcrMLi6PF/w400-h269/built%201850%20destroyed%201978%201st%20belonged%20to%20ioannis%20karatzas.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Built in 1850, this neoclassical
gem where Koumoundouros died first belonged to the Karatzas family. It was
demolished in 1978.</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lake Koumoundourou on the road from
Daphni to Elefsina is also named after Koumoundouros who had bought a great
deal of the land in this area. There were two small lagoons, sacred in ancient
times, and now one rather small and sad body of water: </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBrbqFRc6be25Z8DRUolHHfyEMctCzYnnrX2h5E21v4krYcVo4lhGyI9xPJsvHfCAhLpAHMFYx19P0UGfB0WhszyX5lMvTCP6a4DB-XDshC-_-JUHqEbNnwYVNGGcR_6HUBnRb0s7Y8lj03xyWxeYKP6bxmWP2rM7jL7Do6zQl3pAO8oDu9N1DapRY/s259/index.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="479" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBrbqFRc6be25Z8DRUolHHfyEMctCzYnnrX2h5E21v4krYcVo4lhGyI9xPJsvHfCAhLpAHMFYx19P0UGfB0WhszyX5lMvTCP6a4DB-XDshC-_-JUHqEbNnwYVNGGcR_6HUBnRb0s7Y8lj03xyWxeYKP6bxmWP2rM7jL7Do6zQl3pAO8oDu9N1DapRY/w640-h479/index.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lake Koumoundourou</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His party did not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">quite </i>die with him because Theodoros Deligiannis carried on under
its banner until he was assassinated on the steps of parliament in 1905. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was left to his more cosmopolitan and
liberal political rival, Charilaos Trikoupis, to start a political party in
1872 based on a general set of principles rather than a leader’s popularity and
the size of his following. Trikoupis was 17 years younger than Koumoundouros, a
new generation really, and had been educated abroad as well as in Athens. Both
his father and father-in-law had served as Greek Prime Ministers. His mindset
was far more urbane and progressive than that of Koumoudouros who might be broadly
said to have represented the old guard of Greece.<span style="color: red;">(7) </span>They
became rivals and yet when<span style="color: red;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Trikoupis was elected to parliament in 1865,
the year Koumoundouros became Prime Minister, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>he recognized his ability and made him his Minister
of Foreign affairs.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">If you add up Koumoundouros’ stints as Prime
Minister, it comes to just over 7 years during a 17 year period. Trying to be
an effective leader under this revolving door system required strong nerves,
persistence, talent, and, at times, the respect and support of rivals. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">During 32
years as a parliamentarian, Koumoundouros restored the strength of
the Greek army, distributed national farms to landless farmers, and approved
major construction work, including the first rail line in the Peloponnese from
the town of Pyrgos to its port at Katakolo. It was a good beginning...</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuhNg3H0Oc9892I7TdJt0n6sVGZw7LlraDqc20fCOOCXkl--W8ZPqOYjG8y_kLewZLvF1n9azphj_UUeQij0qapZG7RXP5K4Mbqb3Kz_pkXmBuG-w0Cqn7wk-LtatMpIigUzTybc7OU8--elyu1ry1cEWNSdS7P1_A-HqbNnMqtxMD5IdMC9vx1hLY/s499/11510_2317_400_499.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="387" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuhNg3H0Oc9892I7TdJt0n6sVGZw7LlraDqc20fCOOCXkl--W8ZPqOYjG8y_kLewZLvF1n9azphj_UUeQij0qapZG7RXP5K4Mbqb3Kz_pkXmBuG-w0Cqn7wk-LtatMpIigUzTybc7OU8--elyu1ry1cEWNSdS7P1_A-HqbNnMqtxMD5IdMC9vx1hLY/w310-h400/11510_2317_400_499.jpg" width="310" /></a></span></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">His portrait in the National History Museum on Stadiou Street</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His family would carry on the political tradition. His sons Constantinos
(1846-1924) and </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Spiridon
(1858 – 1924)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>both became
parliamentarians and ministers as did Olga’s son (1867 – 1928). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Grave</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxCP5PueAR-NY5UlBd3UUejOW1N419cKe7avD9ljP7AwcWLTpkuxrcSerYgEUaLvcK6FJmsz4AzgB1Y2SvXbP6Z8ZoeMOBEH5plm7IWuq-sstlP35opo7J6x-qKmvKV84JifhEc5jzVMzPGBx9zEknSDVKLzqMGoa3yj44L8CdWDrmNyT-n_pARYc2/s344/8481889_1405798668.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="344" data-original-width="250" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxCP5PueAR-NY5UlBd3UUejOW1N419cKe7avD9ljP7AwcWLTpkuxrcSerYgEUaLvcK6FJmsz4AzgB1Y2SvXbP6Z8ZoeMOBEH5plm7IWuq-sstlP35opo7J6x-qKmvKV84JifhEc5jzVMzPGBx9zEknSDVKLzqMGoa3yj44L8CdWDrmNyT-n_pARYc2/w291-h400/8481889_1405798668.jpg" width="291" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section
4,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Number 483A</span></b>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Map</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIcb49YQxd-HxMCSGXHxxdvBBZR3Kkx-oA3Dt4CStlcwkxumFiZe78xdVEF6U7kQoKA8ZWwShN-vNm-LaT0bQn6SfpF7pq4eW7PMj9tlytzcDxPKxFPqDTs4gh-iARMsOeqR-8FVLQv4rwvq8Ob_qLLCPIhrh7l1VapzGPnJHNli3EpZQqRoqjhC6Uwiw/s3825/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20koumoundouros.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3825" data-original-width="3399" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIcb49YQxd-HxMCSGXHxxdvBBZR3Kkx-oA3Dt4CStlcwkxumFiZe78xdVEF6U7kQoKA8ZWwShN-vNm-LaT0bQn6SfpF7pq4eW7PMj9tlytzcDxPKxFPqDTs4gh-iARMsOeqR-8FVLQv4rwvq8Ob_qLLCPIhrh7l1VapzGPnJHNli3EpZQqRoqjhC6Uwiw/w568-h640/map%20at%20entrance%20-%20koumoundouros.JPG" width="568" /></a></span></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /> </span></b><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(1)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
‘aki’ suffix on surnames has apparently existed from Byzantine times. It was
like ‘Mac’ in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Scotland <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>denoting ‘son of’. It naturally became a
diminuative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ‘aki’ suffix is today
associated with Crete, but it was also prevalent in the Mani.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why a Koumoundourakis <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>chose to become a Koumoundouros <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I do not know. Surnames in Greece were very
fluid in the 19<sup>th</sup> century.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(2)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are various other spots in the northern
part of the Outer Mani listed as his birthplace, but I opted for this one. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(3)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Petrobey <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mavromichalis was the last Bey of the Mani and
the first from the Inner Mani. His tower complex has been renovated in Limeni
and can be visited today </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Petrobey Mavromichalis</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Mavromichalis were a large and
influential clan; many were heroes of the War of Independence and many later
entered politics. Petrobey himself became a decorated senator. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(4)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I have read 1851 (in Veremis), 1853 and 1850. </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(5) </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Banditry
has an interesting history in Greece and has often been romanticised. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was endemic within the culture in the 19<sup>th</sup>
century. As historian Ioannis Karavidas wrote, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">often one and the same family produced a farmer, a bishop, a head of
the gendarmerie and an equally distinguished bandit</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(6)</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. I was sorry to see King Ludwig losing his square to
Koumoundouros. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ludwig deserves to be
commemorated.</span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(7) </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Trikoupis’ nickname was ‘the Englishman’ because of his urbanity
and travels. Koumoundouros <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was a homeboy
except a brief visit to Paris. </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some Sources
</span></b><a href="http://www.flashmes.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=598:aleksandros-koumoundouros&Itemid=419"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://www.flashmes.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=598:aleksandros-koumoundouros&Itemid=419</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>got by
googling the house of Kou... This article is prepared by Mair</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1732527326"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://www.proquest.com/docview/1732527326</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Greece the Modern Sequel</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> by J. Koliopolis and T. Veremis</span></p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-44911543201802264872022-04-15T06:36:00.009-07:002023-07-09T03:20:54.444-07:00Stamatis Kleanthis, Architect<div><p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if !mso]>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Stamatis Kleanthis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ΣΤΑΜΑΤΗΣ ΚΛΕΑΝΘΗ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Σ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> Born 1802,
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7V5KQCHJa2WgpZuf-4TyS_LsGsxkmhU_7Y8Goeq8muFp7bwbJx5oQO4hRocB0dEfnob4VvWvcMhdpm0OxgKXKQTAf3NE8iDUM_r2PY7wULrQeyufYSJylmKCriG8hKsL4eQ4PLZs6ixvXpvxdbqSuSe8RheMQNpNPuzKgeYRFPfYkJEWj6u1IYcpM/s350/stamatis1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="293" data-original-width="350" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7V5KQCHJa2WgpZuf-4TyS_LsGsxkmhU_7Y8Goeq8muFp7bwbJx5oQO4hRocB0dEfnob4VvWvcMhdpm0OxgKXKQTAf3NE8iDUM_r2PY7wULrQeyufYSJylmKCriG8hKsL4eQ4PLZs6ixvXpvxdbqSuSe8RheMQNpNPuzKgeYRFPfYkJEWj6u1IYcpM/s320/stamatis1.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Not everyone buried in the First
Cemetery is still there and some may be there but we cannot be certain where.
That is the probable fate of Stamatis Kleanthis, architect and town planner
extraordinaire who studied in Germany and then returned to Greece some years before
Athens became the capital of the new state. Still, in anticipation, he proceeded
to plan a world class city out of the ruined small town. Of course he did not
do it alone. There were hosts of town planners and architects in Greece after
1830, but Stamatis was one of the first. In 1831, he and his German friend Eduard
Schaubert bought one of the few houses still standing on the north face of the
Acropolis hill, and began drawing up plans. As a team, they had some notable
successes, and a few disappointments. They had to compete with German power
houses like King Ludwig’s personal architects who had different ideas and other
civil engineers and architects whom the government had hired to create town
plans and public buildings. There were a lot of fingers in the planning pie
back then. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Kleanthis made a fair bit of money during
his career. He bought up numerous properties in Athens and eventually owned marble
quarries on the island of Paros and Tinos. These were good business decisions. Ironically
it was marble that brought about his death. A chunk fell on his head during a
visit to one of his quarries; he died in Athens a few days later. For some
reason the image of Jason of Argonaut fame comes to mind. I hope he did not die
disappointed like Jason though because I have a real soft spot for Stamatis. He came
to Greece to take part in the great adventure of building a new nation : from
the ground up.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Stamatis was
born in 1802 in Velventos, a prosperous Macedonian town under Ottoman rule.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVuYjLq3hTeXAhBgY4bD4KahDTw26hGk-zg_GndHWsZtY3IIpqudWUuT-VaPlrQIe5MLdg3GffkS0dR-LKJ2n_PgFsCYCNbVw7cq-taguYTgK3k0XAey1ezgCA6NQiq3_mVfjpGuk3ZFFB9JaAM9ZSodIL5qFE7XjpEhade2mBPVW_wNJ6qIFo2_Qf/s977/1200px-Greece_map_blank.svg.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="977" data-original-width="917" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVuYjLq3hTeXAhBgY4bD4KahDTw26hGk-zg_GndHWsZtY3IIpqudWUuT-VaPlrQIe5MLdg3GffkS0dR-LKJ2n_PgFsCYCNbVw7cq-taguYTgK3k0XAey1ezgCA6NQiq3_mVfjpGuk3ZFFB9JaAM9ZSodIL5qFE7XjpEhade2mBPVW_wNJ6qIFo2_Qf/s320/1200px-Greece_map_blank.svg.png" width="300" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">His family
were well enough off to send him to the Greek high school in Bucharest in the
Ottoman principality of Wallachia (now Romania). He remained there long enough to
become a member of Alexander Ypsilantis’ ill fated ‘Sacred Band’, a group of soldiers
modelled on ancient Thebans who were to be the soul of an army fighting for
freedom in 1821.<span style="color: red;">(1)</span> This first Greek effort to
defeat the Ottomans ended in a resounding defeat and Stamatis’ capture.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpw0bPeYpn-scfjOGEaxewQ2scqLmW6O2cuUQmAiQhV2VxJIz20pB8USvtTmsyXrzyVbXVF07DWQG3EFaoeNFSAUFmS2X2oZ-7CJkrL3rGwurpEt5gM6Lt7fGlb5DoK_94xZiaBK9-daS3CN0Oi9vIBTKF2mv5AX8ozQZ8W59XBe8oW3S4cAoJpdou/s516/375px-Sacred_band_dragatsani_battle.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="516" data-original-width="375" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpw0bPeYpn-scfjOGEaxewQ2scqLmW6O2cuUQmAiQhV2VxJIz20pB8USvtTmsyXrzyVbXVF07DWQG3EFaoeNFSAUFmS2X2oZ-7CJkrL3rGwurpEt5gM6Lt7fGlb5DoK_94xZiaBK9-daS3CN0Oi9vIBTKF2mv5AX8ozQZ8W59XBe8oW3S4cAoJpdou/s320/375px-Sacred_band_dragatsani_battle.jpg" width="233" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A painting of this
losing battle by Peter Von Hess who had accompanied King Othon to Greece in
1833 in order to immortalize and glorify the struggle for Independence</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Unlike Ypsilantis
who languished in prison, Stamatis managed to escape to Vienna and then moved on to
Leipzig. He decided to become an architect. His studies were completed at the
Berlin Baukacademie where the great Karl Friedrich Schinkel<span style="color: red;"> </span>was one of his teachers. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">There he met
fellow student Eduard Schaubert and, before returning to aid the Greek struggle
and begin their careers in earnest, the two young men embarked on a European
tour – <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a de rigueur step for young
architects at the time . </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The end of
1829 saw them both arriving in Aegina where they initially offered their
services gratis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Greece was not yet formally
recognized as a country and the idea of Ottoman occupied Athens as a capital
city was still a far off dream. The island of Aegina would have to do. Their
first design plans for buildings in Aegina never got off the drawing board because
of lack of funds. Still, they caught the attention of people who mattered including
the governor, Ioannis Kapodistrias. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Although
Nauplio was the capital of the emerging nation, Kapodistrias spent the years
1828 and 1829 in Aegina.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1830, Kapodistrias
issued the following: </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikKEehR4nkq6hBy82k77v_77JIVdH989JEGa-SmNjDO3AOEbg34iXY3IsQccE-nKigfmmKEMix_r5q-U13RBj7S8jB8Kc3RqIkGcqN_yx9yoKUEA-V7i7fL1d69lkFBEZg0pgWyxX6_oVKtRod2WNmzpUd1-DdhX6xmQgvy1YF4cQ_WJNGSJvaFjGi/s1083/Decree.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="779" data-original-width="1083" height="461" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikKEehR4nkq6hBy82k77v_77JIVdH989JEGa-SmNjDO3AOEbg34iXY3IsQccE-nKigfmmKEMix_r5q-U13RBj7S8jB8Kc3RqIkGcqN_yx9yoKUEA-V7i7fL1d69lkFBEZg0pgWyxX6_oVKtRod2WNmzpUd1-DdhX6xmQgvy1YF4cQ_WJNGSJvaFjGi/w640-h461/Decree.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><p></p><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Not bad for
a twenty eight year old Greek architect and his 26 year old partner. Their
brief would involve town planning as much as architectural design.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The first
building Kleanthis designed was a large orphanage on Aegina. It later became a
prison and it is not hard to see why:</span></p>
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<![endif]--><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnof2N2rGIkMk-MVPUH92NrVfMiG9XZTjD0DcvdAmCJZLcF5vwCaZ5HDcuqcKemWNlIWHgZQLPR7dvtB--1rsS90nhvweVe4LAsylJEpxL1yDVm9iBd7ogfTlPuzTHtEQ08WFnzKtFQW2Vyvo6jF1S3KiFMjcx96-XGmQKNdDk_dJrDKSr7xwU_peK/s275/orphanage%20in%20Aigina.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnof2N2rGIkMk-MVPUH92NrVfMiG9XZTjD0DcvdAmCJZLcF5vwCaZ5HDcuqcKemWNlIWHgZQLPR7dvtB--1rsS90nhvweVe4LAsylJEpxL1yDVm9iBd7ogfTlPuzTHtEQ08WFnzKtFQW2Vyvo6jF1S3KiFMjcx96-XGmQKNdDk_dJrDKSr7xwU_peK/w400-h266/orphanage%20in%20Aigina.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Money was in short
supply and this building had to be strictly utilitarian</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The first
joint build by the Kleanthis-Schaubert team was more interesting because there was
money involved. It was paid for by a wealthy Swiss </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">donor and philhellene Jean Gabriel <i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Eynard</span></i>
(1775-1863) and was</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> named
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Eynardeion.</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a school of purely neoclassical design
and was Greece’s first neoclassical building, a humble start to the country’s long
love affair with neoclassicism. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimijl3872P54howxbPijonRR4Ovrc_PVGh2Re082ZrCeSB_yqVhLXf-TWWLrzsu2TfQWxBEGK0MD3PAaqcG1OGXvl8abFrbRyyIkLonjlhUN-hTYx735LIqEt0xaCXaBG4AP7EjpgYou22ErQqn0WIJNZaSN2fyBgcH0u3s41JJSPVLK8mO-Rcotz2/s400/eynardeion.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="126" data-original-width="400" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimijl3872P54howxbPijonRR4Ovrc_PVGh2Re082ZrCeSB_yqVhLXf-TWWLrzsu2TfQWxBEGK0MD3PAaqcG1OGXvl8abFrbRyyIkLonjlhUN-hTYx735LIqEt0xaCXaBG4AP7EjpgYou22ErQqn0WIJNZaSN2fyBgcH0u3s41JJSPVLK8mO-Rcotz2/w640-h202/eynardeion.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Still impressive and
rather charming</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Severe Neoclassicism: A
Greek Remedy for Greek Ills.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Kapodistrias
was a realist and painfully aware of economic restrictions. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That the style of new buildings would be
neoclassical was a given, but it would be a pared down version in most cases. Kapodistrias
devised strict rules for new builds: no wooden houses and no wooden porches or
enclosed balconies which he considered Turkish. There were clear directions given
as to height, sturdiness, sewage systems and chimneys. Proportions for facades
were dictated; clarity and simplicity the order of the day and all builds were
to be supervised either by architects or civil engineers. It almost does not
need saying that all must blend into, or hearken back to whatever monuments of
ancient Greece were still extant. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
a challenging brief. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">As for town
planning, Kapodistrias did not exactly have a tabula rasa, but something close
and town planners came up with rational geometrical grids that always worked perfectly
on paper but often needed tweaking to accommodate local property owners or
ancient ruins. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Athens </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Kleanthis
and Schaubert arrived in Athens in the early months of 1831 and this in spite
of the fact that the Turkish garrison did not depart until 1833. Athens was not
declared the capital of Greece until 1834.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You have to admire their chutzpah and optimism. Kleanthis was just shy
of 30 years old when he and Schaubert bought a large ramshackle building hard
against the north slope of the acropolis in an area still called Rizocastro. It
was likely built before 1700. Renovating these two was a doddle and it was soon
habitable, parts of it even suitable for renting – a godsend to anyone needing
a roof over their head in the early 1830s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There were not many roofs to be found.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitWcL04cMv8YdDr2nAWDhXBQLM9h3ePlPNikFnmTTTuoJcVKDPhXgRQfH3qE1TT78UHOAZpD4Kk6Yzj5Jws-u5U8QPG3PETP_K9HXyKfY5cWDpnKRRsTdio1VQECq61vLsXn8DJSTjw3oHCdm8AkgBXkFyj5lnVg3AhwCV4-TjMIfIs4wyujc-c3T8/s273/19th%20century%20kleanthis%20house.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="185" data-original-width="273" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitWcL04cMv8YdDr2nAWDhXBQLM9h3ePlPNikFnmTTTuoJcVKDPhXgRQfH3qE1TT78UHOAZpD4Kk6Yzj5Jws-u5U8QPG3PETP_K9HXyKfY5cWDpnKRRsTdio1VQECq61vLsXn8DJSTjw3oHCdm8AkgBXkFyj5lnVg3AhwCV4-TjMIfIs4wyujc-c3T8/w400-h271/19th%20century%20kleanthis%20house.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This is how it looked
after their renovations</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">They would
later donate this building for use as the First University of Athens which was
situated here from 1837 to 1841. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is
now the Museum of the History of the University of Athens and well worth a
visit. Their bird’s eye view from the upper balcony would have revealed a small
town at their feet and then endless fields stretching north to Mount Parnitha
and east to Mount Pendeli. If they looked up, they might have spied a member of
the Turkish garrison staring back.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggxWK-9g44dzJGpRZ6VceDEaGCAlWAVMAOSOM5rvDCn9ON5wuJUkPggVvk5qFvC9yHxdQ0qRp4Htrn78VL2sukloEqkJTvtVljuy8oFLmIegERpK2yXUF4Ve6_H0pR5gbWjzFqNJxaB9CWtwagbVX49aeh8Jxb13yCwPZmxWv06mS13Su3ILMCmla6/s299/indexbbb.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="299" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggxWK-9g44dzJGpRZ6VceDEaGCAlWAVMAOSOM5rvDCn9ON5wuJUkPggVvk5qFvC9yHxdQ0qRp4Htrn78VL2sukloEqkJTvtVljuy8oFLmIegERpK2yXUF4Ve6_H0pR5gbWjzFqNJxaB9CWtwagbVX49aeh8Jxb13yCwPZmxWv06mS13Su3ILMCmla6/w400-h225/indexbbb.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The museum is situated
at 5 Tholo Street in the Plaka</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The City Plan</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Apparently Kleanthis
and Schaubert received the go ahead to plan the city of Athens soon after they arrived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kleanthis wrote, ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">it must be equal to the ancient fame and glory of the city and worthy
of the century in which we live’. </i>Their proposal was presented in 1833. It
included wide boulevards and extensive gardens.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDfYueS1uHVMQXYrdL_kJCXRL42VpjtPQm5FpgWe9llzM33MENnjar9Rqs98eacL8aPdXAxa611YC1rM1Xbl2mPO9PvjaBZR5Qm3ZdjHXP5KN1N_dAoaimgC3TeGyfzMLeeGs8jiSAugmPYHaxMYjZ0Gb3LWCB9CVXmOjMaH0v2zvHrbY2kyrKaxlc/s1100/tx140_P1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="778" data-original-width="1100" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDfYueS1uHVMQXYrdL_kJCXRL42VpjtPQm5FpgWe9llzM33MENnjar9Rqs98eacL8aPdXAxa611YC1rM1Xbl2mPO9PvjaBZR5Qm3ZdjHXP5KN1N_dAoaimgC3TeGyfzMLeeGs8jiSAugmPYHaxMYjZ0Gb3LWCB9CVXmOjMaH0v2zvHrbY2kyrKaxlc/w640-h452/tx140_P1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> </span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I have colour
coded this plan below:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMTZciN0h13giX9pCKrNRBMwf6-CuOpOx5L30pnsL7w-y4qcLet-tX--O056SkdLA_CCgyX0VRHmeGPhOgN4_Vm8YkCI7X5Gz5nvZhmHuQEQbifsoW2z_mv1bKfpoopV2H6CTmoUVW1PEsX-nzs55aluu2PvGniLgO63VBeu2zzrVF_wAVHGH4SZxD/s1100/tx140_P1%20-%20Copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="778" data-original-width="1100" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMTZciN0h13giX9pCKrNRBMwf6-CuOpOx5L30pnsL7w-y4qcLet-tX--O056SkdLA_CCgyX0VRHmeGPhOgN4_Vm8YkCI7X5Gz5nvZhmHuQEQbifsoW2z_mv1bKfpoopV2H6CTmoUVW1PEsX-nzs55aluu2PvGniLgO63VBeu2zzrVF_wAVHGH4SZxD/w640-h452/tx140_P1%20-%20Copy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> </span></p><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">It was a right-angled
isosceles triangle with what is now Omonia Square on the top of the picture
with the proposed royal palace for king Othon marked by the red square. The
king, had the palace been built, would have had a clear view to the acropolis
to the south via sumptuous gardens and what is now Athena Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bottom of the triangle is Ermou Street
(in yellow). The line running from the proposed palace in blue was to be
Stadiou Street and would extend in a straight line to the ancient stadium which
is in the bottom right hand corner of the plan. The green line is Piraeus Street
which would have extended via the Thission past the ancient cemetery of
Kerameikos. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The grid system in the
triangle and beyond to the north is obvious in the pla</span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">It didn’t
all happen. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In the rash
of land buying and selling that had been taking place in Athens as Ottomans
sold up and left and wealthy Greeks from the diaspora came in buying whatever
they could find, any plan of Athens submitted in 1833 would have to consider
their concerns. And then there was the money issue. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The gardens were deemed too expensive, the
boulevards too wide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>King Ludwig <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(2)</span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span>that intrepid Philhellene and father of Greece’s
future king brought in two of his own architects from Munich, Leo von Klenze
and Friedrich von Gartner to tweak the plan. It is thanks to Klenze that we
still have that rabbit warren of streets in Psirri. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the downside Klenze is also responsible for
eradicating any monument in the centuries between 1830 and the classical period.
The acropolis lost its famous medieval tower and any other buildings that were
less than classical.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> He took on the Acropolis renovation with a vengeance and
pared it down to the time of Pericles. Nothing that happened in between was to
be visible nor was it considered interesting. The first tickets to the ‘new’ site
were issued to visitors in 1835. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The prospective
positioning of the royal palace was a thorny issue and the Kleanthis-Schaubert
idea was scrapped. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were many
ideas. The Thission area was considered. Another plan submitted by Freidrich
von Shinkel was an extravaganza on the acropolis itself that luckily never
happened:</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpbO2ErqmIvAKX9cqiV5uBJpEEozl7SfwRadYJrTEQr33bbCKdD71i2Li_VUNHh1e6yqWP-KxVvMS6otvX-wtwFASdwTTUblQLHenBKZkxQjDPEEELNBIWOphUBA_vWt_lHVGsP0bZDN4Niz9tIR-t05Txz8WdjRPXo-FQiAlO9PPc7dsn0qOSRFx8/s1530/5427i01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="1530" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpbO2ErqmIvAKX9cqiV5uBJpEEozl7SfwRadYJrTEQr33bbCKdD71i2Li_VUNHh1e6yqWP-KxVvMS6otvX-wtwFASdwTTUblQLHenBKZkxQjDPEEELNBIWOphUBA_vWt_lHVGsP0bZDN4Niz9tIR-t05Txz8WdjRPXo-FQiAlO9PPc7dsn0qOSRFx8/w640-h218/5427i01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Schinkel has been described
as an architect of neoclassicism and the neo gothic. Well... The Parthenon was in
there somewhere as was a proposed sunken hippodrome!</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Finally the
palace was placed where it is today at the junction of Ermou and Stadiou
Streets. It now functions as the Greek parliament.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In spite of the
alterations to the 1833 Athens plan, the bones of the city centre still follow the
Kleanthis and Schaubert plan as a look at any modern map of the city centre
will confirm. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">During this
period, the pair also drew up plans for Piraeus. It was a busy time.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVU3DHDNywherAOSvvcYQUf_6IbufTKkw0__5CwGYqG4EHrVr_CGS_QzwV7dTgSxv2qzaoAFY1_qUQEjenvwNdi28SV-SKMUx1nR0y_ES5C-gQGNVCAgxaVOQ_daj2NIExyWjFJ5UMftR5BKu5LI4-h7YadI5fHptdnK0vLgOnl4t78uK9AlUtlSZr/s500/PiraeusKleanthisSchaubert%201834.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="500" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVU3DHDNywherAOSvvcYQUf_6IbufTKkw0__5CwGYqG4EHrVr_CGS_QzwV7dTgSxv2qzaoAFY1_qUQEjenvwNdi28SV-SKMUx1nR0y_ES5C-gQGNVCAgxaVOQ_daj2NIExyWjFJ5UMftR5BKu5LI4-h7YadI5fHptdnK0vLgOnl4t78uK9AlUtlSZr/s320/PiraeusKleanthisSchaubert%201834.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The 1834 Kleanthis-Schaubert
plan for Piraeus</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN8fxPdrbkqTjxu2YPBzaihpk2Ve9_U4qJ1FqbW8OynrN-pgBpkpN70opv6zJwihmW60p-u1r-YzKyUvfNGEpelY_DeiUZSsDTJl1QA_oRg4NvuT8dn4wfHjKkThzQ6NCiV5iLF_FfgQgdFFWXOLnnoJZSauzR2_sKSnFPGMTjWRePHdXRqfrugjpo/s1600/apothikes.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1221" data-original-width="1600" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN8fxPdrbkqTjxu2YPBzaihpk2Ve9_U4qJ1FqbW8OynrN-pgBpkpN70opv6zJwihmW60p-u1r-YzKyUvfNGEpelY_DeiUZSsDTJl1QA_oRg4NvuT8dn4wfHjKkThzQ6NCiV5iLF_FfgQgdFFWXOLnnoJZSauzR2_sKSnFPGMTjWRePHdXRqfrugjpo/s320/apothikes.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">They designed
warehouses for the city too; their ruins still stand today.</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Architect Strikes Out on his Own</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Kleanthis
and Schaubert eventually went their separate ways. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Schaubert became more interested in archaeology
than building. In 1843, he had lost his job for the Greek government because of
a new law forbidding civil service jobs to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">anyone
</i>not native born, Greeks from the diaspora included. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Schaubert did do some archaeological work in
Greece after that but left permanently in 1850. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Many of the
buildings Kleanthis then created for private citizens no longer exist because they
were built in the city centre, an area constantly undergoing change. One prime example
of a lost Kleanthis neoclassical design is the Ambrosios Rallis House on
Klafthmonos Square. It was built in 1835 and later served as the British Embassy
until it was torn down in 1939. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4mI_fCdih9eXVMmahLKtAwTEPIgMZyvLSFGpo6EzWrjVD832lYwVLofC0_o6iexOqDGDSziVz0n3-lLh2fS181_6E19gtr99yMPA7ojn7vlQbS_0QpXN76H5WxC-nEn0w8Oa6C8u8O0we4nMXUCRGa-dZz0GfzMkE7PiSgZWikNbyP_aQLYkHM7oP/s240/rallis%20house.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="137" data-original-width="240" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4mI_fCdih9eXVMmahLKtAwTEPIgMZyvLSFGpo6EzWrjVD832lYwVLofC0_o6iexOqDGDSziVz0n3-lLh2fS181_6E19gtr99yMPA7ojn7vlQbS_0QpXN76H5WxC-nEn0w8Oa6C8u8O0we4nMXUCRGa-dZz0GfzMkE7PiSgZWikNbyP_aQLYkHM7oP/w400-h228/rallis%20house.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The imposing Rallis
mansion</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">As far as
public buildings such as a university or a library were concerned, he kept losing
out to German architects or one of the Hansen brothers. According to one
historian he did have a hand in the design of Saint Paul’s Anglican Church on
Filhellinon Street (off Syntagma Square). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It opened its doors on Palm Sunday in 1843 and
is still going strong.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS8iV6jL-zBsqx1CUjNykpudQF7YCERsU7nmrJAd59lPyHSNPl9YMiSBQauhDqhSlBlyYAMoVsgUaVAkVqx5JXrzEsSKPI8SLf0m8sevv_xmLAdGZI85v6ixrt98epqzk667ko56biFqsE7zdfIoBZjavQfC0fx9mrQkLt1qElr90R-7o1fWqbVgv1/s277/indexvdq.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="277" data-original-width="182" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS8iV6jL-zBsqx1CUjNykpudQF7YCERsU7nmrJAd59lPyHSNPl9YMiSBQauhDqhSlBlyYAMoVsgUaVAkVqx5JXrzEsSKPI8SLf0m8sevv_xmLAdGZI85v6ixrt98epqzk667ko56biFqsE7zdfIoBZjavQfC0fx9mrQkLt1qElr90R-7o1fWqbVgv1/s1600/indexvdq.jpg" width="182" /></a></div> <span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">That gothic experience
would have been good practice for his commissions to build for the rich and
eccentric Duchess of Plaisance. She had married the French duke at 17 and
regretted it not long after. She became a confirmed Phihellene, contributed to
the cause, and settled in Greece in 1834. She was <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>so wealthy she could afford almost any eccentricity.
When her only daughter died in 1835, she kept her embalmed body in her home for
years. She often claimed communion with the spirit world but was apparently afraid
of being buried alive. She demanded that her own mausoleum must have doors
which opened from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inside. </i>They
say she never completely finished a dwelling she had built because she was
convinced that, if she did, she would die. There are so many myths surrounding
the duchess that it is hard to separate the real from the imagined.</span>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDKZ6PvbAHXJORdSBO4xf_ZGwXo96oaLlKIat0Fob2Tr6eVCqI9Qgn-USmxa3_EzA2Ph-rWFrKU-WokUOqT9VETZWT5AGFb6vHA2rKib_12M9xIXJCW-7taR8vaS_LbM5ju89H2JyCUcP_5qJGp9bzBi7CBBDMhYpijGoSBiyVeW5HRFmfDsrid8uf/s600/dsc03450.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDKZ6PvbAHXJORdSBO4xf_ZGwXo96oaLlKIat0Fob2Tr6eVCqI9Qgn-USmxa3_EzA2Ph-rWFrKU-WokUOqT9VETZWT5AGFb6vHA2rKib_12M9xIXJCW-7taR8vaS_LbM5ju89H2JyCUcP_5qJGp9bzBi7CBBDMhYpijGoSBiyVeW5HRFmfDsrid8uf/w400-h300/dsc03450.webp" width="400" /></a></div><div style="margin-left: 80px; text-align: center;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Her self image was
rather grand...</span></i>
</div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1841,
Kleanthis built her tower house in Pendeli:</span></p>
<h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span color="windowtext" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvnvkLebLVNfiwB6VqrYVCSsUSl8yPxEeOERn3akerx5SJK5_Ncf_HcPbpD5reqJBB5z8wNG88eHgU9T5grSgTUYOM4PQnhDZVjdHcmqSQ3h72IRZ7vU7jPeHaZOC7ZPq5ZM4OPJ1FHX5G1OOix6PztF75DyfjeSxKxQsch82P-iNn9cWV9OSsZ5K8/s314/indexhtr.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="161" data-original-width="314" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvnvkLebLVNfiwB6VqrYVCSsUSl8yPxEeOERn3akerx5SJK5_Ncf_HcPbpD5reqJBB5z8wNG88eHgU9T5grSgTUYOM4PQnhDZVjdHcmqSQ3h72IRZ7vU7jPeHaZOC7ZPq5ZM4OPJ1FHX5G1OOix6PztF75DyfjeSxKxQsch82P-iNn9cWV9OSsZ5K8/s1600/indexhtr.jpg" width="314" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1848, he
built the bucolic Villa Ilissia, for the duchess. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today it is in the centre of Athens and the
Christian and Byzantine Museum. Back then it was a venue for soirees and, one
assumes, the odd séance:</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqlaIwSIzbbEI6zHM6Yamrme4qnaaYUEg2n_zMtNBoh4DqNqyrwkAtVu1OzmoqPurFa6CpPeHj56_3LaMfvhqFnZOdlWooZQxUD2FcLnf9r8JDSizVMdc-DPrcifsAK_kqmwUUZjvW-42Zwba0TOIMlyyOrNa2BXeKS2nnAwb8MdvZ7tHwvsolHskt/s277/indexnup.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="182" data-original-width="277" height="421" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqlaIwSIzbbEI6zHM6Yamrme4qnaaYUEg2n_zMtNBoh4DqNqyrwkAtVu1OzmoqPurFa6CpPeHj56_3LaMfvhqFnZOdlWooZQxUD2FcLnf9r8JDSizVMdc-DPrcifsAK_kqmwUUZjvW-42Zwba0TOIMlyyOrNa2BXeKS2nnAwb8MdvZ7tHwvsolHskt/w640-h421/indexnup.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Villa Ilissia</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">When it came
to wealthy clients in the 1840s severity and simplicity, and even the canons of
Neoclassicism went out the window. The picturesque and the romantic prevailed. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Kleanthis
must have been delighted to have the opportunity to design for one of the
wealthiest women in Greece at the time. I wonder if they had a lot in common. Like
Kleanthis, she was a large landowner. (The Metro station of Dukissa Plakentias
is named in her honour because it is built on her<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>land.) Like Kleanthis she owned marble quarries, in her case on
nearby Mount Pendeli. She had connections to the Greek royal court and he did
too to some extent because of his marriage to Efrosini Karatza. Whatever the
relationship was personally, it was a good business one. She commissioned Kleanthis
to build yet another building in Pendeli, the castle of Rododaphni. It is a
ruin today and, in fact, was not completed before her death in 1854. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #c00000;">(3)</span></b><span style="color: #c00000;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Kleanthis’ wife,
Efrosini Karatza (1790-1890) was an extremely well connected lady from a famous
Phanariot family. Her father had been dragoman (translator) for the Sultan in
1808 and her grandfather a prince of Wallachia. Her brother Georgios was a
Greek general and he was married to Aikaterini Botsari, the daughter of famous
freedom fighter Markos Botsaris. It would be hard to be better connected to the
Athens elite than that! The marble business went well and his marble won a gold
medal at the Great Exhibition of London in 1851. Life was good until the fatal accident
in 1862 ended his life at the age of 60. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">What was he Like?</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">There is
little written about his personal life and the single photograph that appears in
every article about him is a tad disappointing:</span></p>
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I wish someone had painted him on his arrival in Greece in 1829, or as a member
of the sacred band in 1821. This just seems too tame for such an interesting
life. The figure poring over a town plan at the beginning of this text has been
labelled Kleanthis by some and Schaubert by others. The painter is unknown so
we cannot ask him. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">One
Kleanthis work can be seen in the Protestant Section of the First Cemetery of
Athens. He designed the austere grave marker in row F for Bettina von Savigny,
wife of Konstantinos Schinas, who died young during an epidemic in 1835:</span></p>
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<![endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Row F</span></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Footnotes</span></b></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(1)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The original Theban Sacred Band
consisted of pairs of lovers. Philip of Macedon buried them together after
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(2)
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(3) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Alas she is not buried in the First Cemetery, her story would
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-67234632757374034942022-02-27T07:45:00.001-08:002022-02-27T07:46:26.226-08:00Natalia Mela<p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Natalia Mela<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>ΝΑΤΑΛΙΑ ΜΕΛΑ</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Born July 10, 1923<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died April 24, 2019</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Sculptor Extraordinaire</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi5EciFOQZnL2aJnyNkLrcbN_3mItDGC-QXRpZE24jeO-Zb7RVeYudS4JQzk-jPk94JITgRozJKfTB3iHuy5dypRgp6TXEOto5BRybYVgkudrTYj8aVjRpVHA93F6QSp1xACHSVk2xGDUdANpHacmzVGeRR7pqj_w9sBWb1W50UVXWIzfFq-k57bVkM=s750" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="750" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi5EciFOQZnL2aJnyNkLrcbN_3mItDGC-QXRpZE24jeO-Zb7RVeYudS4JQzk-jPk94JITgRozJKfTB3iHuy5dypRgp6TXEOto5BRybYVgkudrTYj8aVjRpVHA93F6QSp1xACHSVk2xGDUdANpHacmzVGeRR7pqj_w9sBWb1W50UVXWIzfFq-k57bVkM=w640-h426" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I was first introduced to the work of
Natalia Mela through research on her husband, architect Aris Constantinidis.
Fascinating as his life and career were, Natalia’s life and development as an
artist is even more arresting – no easy feat - and not just because she was
born into two of modern Greece’s famous families, but because she developed as
an artistic force during an era which saw a dictatorship, a world war, a
foreign occupation and a civil war occur, all during her most formative years.</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">She was a
rebel from the get go. She enrolled in the School of Fine Arts at the age of 19
knowing full well that her family would object, joined the communist party briefly
during the German occupation and chose to begin young adulthood living a
bohemian life in a circle which boasted some of the greatest future artists of
her generation.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(1)</span></b><span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">She was not
born poor – far from it. She grew up in the lap of luxury and might have been
expected to live the life of other girls of her class: ease, facility in
languages and whatever other talents it took to become a decoration and
helpmate to a husband. Her life is an interesting study in the difficult
choices facing so many young people of intelligence and drive during those
years when the country was both internally polarized and under foreign threat.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">She began
her artistic career as a sculptor in clay and marble, a field which has a distinguished
history in modern Greece and in which many Greek sculptors have excelled. Then,
in 1960 she moved into a practice hitherto uncharted by Greek women: metal. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">And the
results were stunning:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgJ-BRh3wL9jA62O6PKOZLCSjC2kCcSH7XSy9sEUeurZ7sv8LNrdrwPld82GRI1b9Nl5Bb-RM5XmFUIrM84u4nAo3MKrGdaIlE7-2ahXb6K3aXohB0igKFj5t721CpuggjlfvzokAmvxtnja8aFhavwpZ_F5uyCKU-5ATKxBSZmdZhs4FTHCPLBjKsF=s1256" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="930" data-original-width="1256" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgJ-BRh3wL9jA62O6PKOZLCSjC2kCcSH7XSy9sEUeurZ7sv8LNrdrwPld82GRI1b9Nl5Bb-RM5XmFUIrM84u4nAo3MKrGdaIlE7-2ahXb6K3aXohB0igKFj5t721CpuggjlfvzokAmvxtnja8aFhavwpZ_F5uyCKU-5ATKxBSZmdZhs4FTHCPLBjKsF=w400-h296" width="400" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgzVtgkcp37PHCHVEE3k8AMXA6ectEcScZobwUf8bvts3L6V8hTkxFxz3-JqzYDYHfYvDG9VJTEl_s0f1_taGih-Sutj9zcdweW4anOA48QV-TNwzKYC59u2aCC44QI-hBZaZkBwxEXBeayFvPDNdgElB5D_HNyQMij4-UuzjJiPnfHalZIyDnjgA-K=s233" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="216" data-original-width="233" height="371" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgzVtgkcp37PHCHVEE3k8AMXA6ectEcScZobwUf8bvts3L6V8hTkxFxz3-JqzYDYHfYvDG9VJTEl_s0f1_taGih-Sutj9zcdweW4anOA48QV-TNwzKYC59u2aCC44QI-hBZaZkBwxEXBeayFvPDNdgElB5D_HNyQMij4-UuzjJiPnfHalZIyDnjgA-K=w400-h371" width="400" /></a></div><br /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiw5vbBzVHO6vi2vz8DBI3uNLpb2obekFqldJmoSCh0QZ-LKMoIEMhhzhEJvPiz33-XzLLEEB2NlVyQaW77YKRedFmjJz7VhCJu0SSLsIcRjRsPM69Se6UgJ7wNSc4APXi5_QNc983bkTsopxWuWUKKX6HyZEgxwPLkQdAne50EoKeU5G--Fkv3gut2=s750" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="564" data-original-width="750" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiw5vbBzVHO6vi2vz8DBI3uNLpb2obekFqldJmoSCh0QZ-LKMoIEMhhzhEJvPiz33-XzLLEEB2NlVyQaW77YKRedFmjJz7VhCJu0SSLsIcRjRsPM69Se6UgJ7wNSc4APXi5_QNc983bkTsopxWuWUKKX6HyZEgxwPLkQdAne50EoKeU5G--Fkv3gut2=w400-h301" width="400" /></a></div><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">At 90, when welding became difficult,
she switched from metal to paper, creating new and intricate work. </span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiN9xjjJBGKgytLtcQpmf-3PXcJfuHRuLH2xeUFkhy7Ivzyv4vMoqgzq5szgvvRItccmtc5oXeXilf5wFVDD2gFlkyDYZQ7Qghx_zg3SpclzX1orb7hx3TgiOAm_hrXrISeB0RqJrOLoOyDOeMxLW075ONb9M2-8jdonh4xkrgQq72nzB7d4r0597By=s800" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="800" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiN9xjjJBGKgytLtcQpmf-3PXcJfuHRuLH2xeUFkhy7Ivzyv4vMoqgzq5szgvvRItccmtc5oXeXilf5wFVDD2gFlkyDYZQ7Qghx_zg3SpclzX1orb7hx3TgiOAm_hrXrISeB0RqJrOLoOyDOeMxLW075ONb9M2-8jdonh4xkrgQq72nzB7d4r0597By=w400-h200" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">If the
saying that artists are born and not made is true, then Natalia Mela may be all
the proof we need.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Her Life</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Natalia was
born in 1923 in Kifissia into a famous family. Her grandfather, Pavlos Melas,
an army officer, was killed in 1904 by an Ottoman sniper’s bullet while
fighting in Macedonia as an irregular recruit. His death shocked the nation and
he instantly joined the pantheon of the Greek heroes of the War of Independence,
but this time as a hero in their struggle to add Macedonia to the Greek state. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(2)</span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span>His death left his wife Natalia Dragoumi-Mela a young
widow with two young children (daughter Zoe and a son, ten year old Michalis).
Her own family had long been part of the Athenian elite. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her father, Stephanos Dragoumis, had been
prime minister, and her brother Ion Dragoumis a rising diplomat and writer had
been killed by political rivals in 1920 and became a martyr as well.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(3)</span> </b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhrYxUOUBfCSe3GRIRgY1o25LJmvKQSTfKmwihQBSJb42JY4d8vf74BRpDVgncaEGV4AJlB66f5A7ZWeRdwDPz-ll58Y-lz793TSJFcMPveGpafcKmqW4PXf_rmQa5-bc8YbLHtVDvgKzfvF6mJLpnlxI7KL_74FhzVeF4jf-SJJEh67ohOilVW627d=s244" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="244" data-original-width="207" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhrYxUOUBfCSe3GRIRgY1o25LJmvKQSTfKmwihQBSJb42JY4d8vf74BRpDVgncaEGV4AJlB66f5A7ZWeRdwDPz-ll58Y-lz793TSJFcMPveGpafcKmqW4PXf_rmQa5-bc8YbLHtVDvgKzfvF6mJLpnlxI7KL_74FhzVeF4jf-SJJEh67ohOilVW627d=w339-h400" width="339" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Michalis and Zoe Melas
with their famous father</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Growing up, Natalia’s
father, Michalis, must have felt the full weight of his father’s legend. Much
would have been expected of him. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not
surprisingly, he attended the Hellenic Military Academy, his father’s alma
mater and graduated in time to serve in the Balkan wars and World War One.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He married Alexandra Pesmazoglou from another
elite family and a very wealthy one. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Her</i> father founded the Bank of Greece. The
stupendous grave monument of the Pesmazoglou family still dominates the entrance
area to the First Cemetery.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgoiP5HRTPS2owzlimwWCmsoTZ1HJO-K-O6NH_CPmjLtzQLNSz7nqaH0-xcAphbJb7DB7AS_kCUolfZ-LShClmsAxpT_-xjgTZfXhKnhwxQHcG2PcWlh67Ead5DakPDk4b8A1GMEo4sws0v0jKFyAeS-00t4Q5xHHKtmiB9cw5Z5XPRGrr7yJkmVeYn=s400" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="300" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgoiP5HRTPS2owzlimwWCmsoTZ1HJO-K-O6NH_CPmjLtzQLNSz7nqaH0-xcAphbJb7DB7AS_kCUolfZ-LShClmsAxpT_-xjgTZfXhKnhwxQHcG2PcWlh67Ead5DakPDk4b8A1GMEo4sws0v0jKFyAeS-00t4Q5xHHKtmiB9cw5Z5XPRGrr7yJkmVeYn=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sculpted to impress by
Francesco Jerace</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">This, then,
was the privileged background into which Natalia made her appearance in 1923. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a child she benefited immensely from these
connections. She would recall the idyllic years of her childhood in Kifissia:
the wonderful family garden and the pet deer that her father had brought home
alive from a hunting trip to entertain his children. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Natalia
would later say that her family connections became a burden. Her family were confirmed
royalists, firmly ensconced in the elite of Athens, and conservative with a
capital C.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is perhaps not surprising
that she rebelled, especially given what was happening in Greece in the 1930s. The
Metaxas dictatorship had begun in 1936 when Natalia was 13. It was the
culmination of bitter political infighting. Its fascist overtones and
anti-communist stance may have helped trains to run on time and shored up the
ruling class, but the implications of a regime which censored the press while
requiring all youth to join EON, a youth movement modelled on Hitler Youth, had
to have had a profound effect on a sensitive teenager. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2cUrNjwc8xi247cu6WMpLNJahIk2arZxhF4RQUp0WmxPxd3gOZ2HGp46MpeNsPCvcwHt0uIVU12a_G6OVe4yE1zbYhi9TUM0_zUYUVlAqHoEbLiDj1i4wRkhBZasr7jACqlpysowujdvy3hzFi4G6dY1MxpLpy5G1I5esfjZ05PZ4VgTc5gGBViLn=s400" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="373" data-original-width="400" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2cUrNjwc8xi247cu6WMpLNJahIk2arZxhF4RQUp0WmxPxd3gOZ2HGp46MpeNsPCvcwHt0uIVU12a_G6OVe4yE1zbYhi9TUM0_zUYUVlAqHoEbLiDj1i4wRkhBZasr7jACqlpysowujdvy3hzFi4G6dY1MxpLpy5G1I5esfjZ05PZ4VgTc5gGBViLn=s320" width="320" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Young members of EON. Metaxas did not mind
being called a fascist.</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Where this may
have lead on its own is a moot point because the dictatorship ended abruptly on
April 1941, when the Germans invaded Athens and the king along with most leading
politicians abruptly abandoned the country to its fate as they set up a
government in exile.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Natalia was 17. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I finished (secondary)
school at the outbreak of the war. I had started to be curious about many
things, politics in particular and became firmly opposed to my parents.... I
wanted to be a child of the people. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(4)</span></b><span style="color: red;"></span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1942,
unhappy with her studies in Law School, Natalia entered the Athens School of
Fine Arts. One of her teachers was the great sculptor Michalis Tombros. The
only serious resistance movement in the early months of the German occupation
was the leftist EAM (the National Liberation Front). In early 1943 along with
many in her circle, Natalia joined EPON, the youth movement of EAM. It was a
short step from that affiliation to join the communist party itself. This she
did, apparently proving her commitment by spitting on religious icons at the
Kaisariani monastery. <span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Thinking
about these juxtapositions is breathtaking. It is hard to imagine a step anyone
could have taken in those dark years that did not involve a compromise: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to go to a state school under a quisling Greek
government, to join a resistance movement which had members who had been previously
jailed as outlaws, to find ways to survive the terrible winter of starvation in
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1942, and to be loyal - to whom? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A fellow
student in her circle, Kitsos Maltezos<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>had also joined the communist party. He was an important recruit because
he was the great great grandson and last male descendent of Ioannis
Makrigiannis, the hero of the War of Independence. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi4ABln7cVC1rYv7gkMzh9452x9K1teHeK4i8MUp9v11oZUCiyxX7UyEiswA3uvRfyvqmSYHkkNKKGZxydTL3Gif0oskKDu8HwxK4VNeV23rCuqP84iYqbpZCUCfqs1egeNpphl8SKhNt0xirR-T39_qvZqoNc88nNG-mgWSfcA4JgNeUji5lIqZc7z=s980" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="980" data-original-width="799" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi4ABln7cVC1rYv7gkMzh9452x9K1teHeK4i8MUp9v11oZUCiyxX7UyEiswA3uvRfyvqmSYHkkNKKGZxydTL3Gif0oskKDu8HwxK4VNeV23rCuqP84iYqbpZCUCfqs1egeNpphl8SKhNt0xirR-T39_qvZqoNc88nNG-mgWSfcA4JgNeUji5lIqZc7z=s320" width="261" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Kitsos Maltezos</span></i></div>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">His
recruitment was a propaganda coup. In fact, the flirtation of so many young
people of the Athenian elite with the Party was one that EAM wanted to
encourage because they, through their family connections, gave them entree to many
of the philanthropic organizations that had been set up in Athens. Strange
times. <span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Certainly
not all who joined EAM were communists, far from it. But it is not hard to see its
appeal to idealistic youngsters. But the KKE party structure backing EAM was also
rigid, unforgiving, and cruel. Kitsos came to see this and had a change of
heart. He decided to walk away. That was anathema. The party ideologues could
not accept an apostate. He was tried in absentia and sentenced to death, a
sentence which was carried out by four men in front of the statue of Byron on
Amalias Avenue on Feb 1, 1944. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even
worse, his murderer was a former friend, himself a member of a prominent family
in Athens. The murder shocked Athens and would have served as a frightening warning
to others who contemplated leaving the Party. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(5)</span></b> Natalia would later say that his
death marked the end of her flirtation with communism. In later life, she would
refer to this period as a mistake. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">1945-50 </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The period
between 1945 and 1950 was an active one for artists like Natalia. You might
almost wonder if art allowed a kind of escape, a safe zone for young people
caught in the social cross fire of the times. There is a wonderful picture of
Natalia and her friend painted by Giannis Morales in 1946: </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2PaarIiUzWKzYPfJnTg59Psg3we1OmM-XYn_S8Y9JJMq0KlXUXsrTb0K1Q_wMeQzKms9d1j7NfjtyXjmGqmydfcan3MSpcW445ajXLCu4yYnM93DIF4h9HuT4lwlolhrV7G3rx_0DIAmij7lceZZGK4gg8OcZl2AlmxfDlWfCiF6FMImy6x5EZe3J=s1288" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1288" data-original-width="843" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2PaarIiUzWKzYPfJnTg59Psg3we1OmM-XYn_S8Y9JJMq0KlXUXsrTb0K1Q_wMeQzKms9d1j7NfjtyXjmGqmydfcan3MSpcW445ajXLCu4yYnM93DIF4h9HuT4lwlolhrV7G3rx_0DIAmij7lceZZGK4gg8OcZl2AlmxfDlWfCiF6FMImy6x5EZe3J=w418-h640" width="418" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">This work is in the
National Gallery in Athens</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">She is
holding a chisel, with other tools of the sculptor’s trade in the lower left
hand corner. The pose is reminiscent of the famous Egyptian fayem portraits.
That full frontal and cool gaze seems the perfect way to render her during this
time in her life: determined and somehow defiant – or so it seems to me</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1949
Natalie became a member of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Armos (Αρμ</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ός</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">)</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> a group founded by Giannis Morales
who had begun teaching at the Athens School of Fine Arts in 1947. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It included luminaries such as painters Nikos
Hatzikyriakos Ghikas, Giannis Tsarouchis and Nellie Andrikopoulou, with
sculptors including<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Klearchos
Loukopoulos and ‘Buba’ Lymberaki who is the other young woman depicted in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Two Friends</i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. </b>The group’s first exhibition was at the Athens Zappeion in 1950 before
moving on to Thessaloniki.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgmu07thYUDZ5LwUMYxVsgdKQ-CDdQ-eXr4yVmlGxUeQkrT63PUhbzmIIG-w0SEjr1iRU0TrEC6d3NTiwkb6UDHxeIgrEMquql0gJZwK60YNkVKBXhMn6M15FJaHwh1MPDNFCaiLQjnDEKM5XAjdFPHKxJ3Ht38hDYJFCTjuDK1Ff3QlEMAqLh5pHLY=s960" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="599" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgmu07thYUDZ5LwUMYxVsgdKQ-CDdQ-eXr4yVmlGxUeQkrT63PUhbzmIIG-w0SEjr1iRU0TrEC6d3NTiwkb6UDHxeIgrEMquql0gJZwK60YNkVKBXhMn6M15FJaHwh1MPDNFCaiLQjnDEKM5XAjdFPHKxJ3Ht38hDYJFCTjuDK1Ff3QlEMAqLh5pHLY=w400-h640" width="400" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Portrait of the Artist
as a Young Woman</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">1950 and On<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">1950 marked
the beginning of a change in her personal life. Her father, who had become a
colonel in the army and an aide de camp of King George and then King Paul,
died. And in 1951, she married modernist architect Aris Constantinidis. Two
children swiftly followed and the next ten years saw her concerned with raising
them but also doing set designs for the Karolos Koun Theatre. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aris was a rising architectural star at the
time and just beginning to fulfil his promise. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgw5A-T-fXGY-7cFfhMa_kojJwwE7EofXLqULoBCdwLruSqUu1WOZ4l-ikUekL90XmlMZibcVAa3fel8YOKy6xUNOBGpXF2ROTi4FiqCIMVS0pgsVFAVcZjjG_XKu92fseoDPq5TkGWxy_IKNnLEqnfjePKEPe3IzYtdQiqDhm6JGJ0fsSicwkwunsb=s1200" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgw5A-T-fXGY-7cFfhMa_kojJwwE7EofXLqULoBCdwLruSqUu1WOZ4l-ikUekL90XmlMZibcVAa3fel8YOKy6xUNOBGpXF2ROTi4FiqCIMVS0pgsVFAVcZjjG_XKu92fseoDPq5TkGWxy_IKNnLEqnfjePKEPe3IzYtdQiqDhm6JGJ0fsSicwkwunsb=w400-h400" width="400" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Natalia and Aris</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">By <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">1960,</i> Natalia was ready for the next
step. She enrolled in the welding course at the Skaramangas shipyard,
determined to create new work in metal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In 1963 she and Aris built their summer home in Spetses according to his
own design. All this while, they lived in Athens in an apartment building designed
by Ernst Ziller at 4 Vas Sophias Street. Natalia may have been one of the last
people to actually live in a building built by the great architect. She used
the old garage and stables as her workshop. This property had been a gift from
her mother, Alexandra Pesmazoglou during the 1940s.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhOzdIMgy-xDDEYJovZZi328TnFqQog44SGkJZVC71nKXdXLoVB26R21xERlrObDqml3kMgLsntKMaoMTkAtReX6FvChgFZYoQSbZwULkdp616wPIg_MN-5q94jhUr2u2uXDZ_RXDasMSqqcqWNnQgHjhEF7ThpQFiLvyF_kLI8UwCBseKGF47o-onU=s320" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="320" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhOzdIMgy-xDDEYJovZZi328TnFqQog44SGkJZVC71nKXdXLoVB26R21xERlrObDqml3kMgLsntKMaoMTkAtReX6FvChgFZYoQSbZwULkdp616wPIg_MN-5q94jhUr2u2uXDZ_RXDasMSqqcqWNnQgHjhEF7ThpQFiLvyF_kLI8UwCBseKGF47o-onU=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Ziller building in
its entirety. By Natalia’s time, half of it had been demolished but her flat
remained</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhDZvGrg920JUtDyKJvMuOf2kIcuZfXs0oMwCCcFvVxfntgwFlkTZD1zAm9zAFgmtrvjHJyjrz6GqW0mD-SwbVgaQthsQn3nhTjPRg8PfO6mSMIl_t7fEysykVRZpp0p44ObNqx6808PE54bNLUxszEhT69RmSnPH1wq8o8xejh8y3DP1Ox4eDhruLT=s1500" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1146" data-original-width="1500" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhDZvGrg920JUtDyKJvMuOf2kIcuZfXs0oMwCCcFvVxfntgwFlkTZD1zAm9zAFgmtrvjHJyjrz6GqW0mD-SwbVgaQthsQn3nhTjPRg8PfO6mSMIl_t7fEysykVRZpp0p44ObNqx6808PE54bNLUxszEhT69RmSnPH1wq8o8xejh8y3DP1Ox4eDhruLT=w400-h305" width="400" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Wealth does have its
perks. The building is opposite the Benaki museum and directly behind the
National gardens in the centre of Athens.</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The rest, as
they say, is history. Natalia continued to create all during her long life. She
had a soft spot for Spetses and donated a many of her works to a park there.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjMtwRu1-nSh2_Z-yhHB-wbZ50tYxLMDhpw4b0OsRCKOpmsUsck7-QZagxTM0Q2r9o7wc3yQ_EzZdCJvg6ROl0_i0g-NYEYNavxj5rf2cHHwmpAJHtSq7rMMt_KZ8vtlDDRgdvsuY_8QyCj9wzSV0-J6kORLfDnJlUzUaeAlS96cIYYlJxXjARNqu46=s2016" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjMtwRu1-nSh2_Z-yhHB-wbZ50tYxLMDhpw4b0OsRCKOpmsUsck7-QZagxTM0Q2r9o7wc3yQ_EzZdCJvg6ROl0_i0g-NYEYNavxj5rf2cHHwmpAJHtSq7rMMt_KZ8vtlDDRgdvsuY_8QyCj9wzSV0-J6kORLfDnJlUzUaeAlS96cIYYlJxXjARNqu46=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHC4hwY9KNMOsdxGULHYpw9hLk3ELbywDqGCN7LmkIQO6oXUe3Ae0m3ibaC5Kg25VrmQuMGh1YNMOxNlxCBbWZYwr_PjiR0RhKoaCEioEZMHFW2tk0BooFJotfDUhKh7uPMy9dn-TgB5lyaqfSHrAn_TlboKGPD7MPN1C9hlZ8KXeQWbRbaKbdtN9L=s960" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="960" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiHC4hwY9KNMOsdxGULHYpw9hLk3ELbywDqGCN7LmkIQO6oXUe3Ae0m3ibaC5Kg25VrmQuMGh1YNMOxNlxCBbWZYwr_PjiR0RhKoaCEioEZMHFW2tk0BooFJotfDUhKh7uPMy9dn-TgB5lyaqfSHrAn_TlboKGPD7MPN1C9hlZ8KXeQWbRbaKbdtN9L=w400-h250" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVHbWFIKCbwyJhcxWZZVZbU5ZcK4YTab621yxukxzMUyUDKjvvPq33Alw128a4yCAIEpXq3o5e9eFPQn-1WgBlhdwXd5srZmd07Zhi_6UQp2tWg1Ij7rgYWQQPzOZODe8tQ03y3wNwxRDzFgVBFI-U0I5ef47pYQFzt4tvD_FCdm_vVOUReNj2fyXO=s801" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="801" data-original-width="676" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVHbWFIKCbwyJhcxWZZVZbU5ZcK4YTab621yxukxzMUyUDKjvvPq33Alw128a4yCAIEpXq3o5e9eFPQn-1WgBlhdwXd5srZmd07Zhi_6UQp2tWg1Ij7rgYWQQPzOZODe8tQ03y3wNwxRDzFgVBFI-U0I5ef47pYQFzt4tvD_FCdm_vVOUReNj2fyXO=w541-h640" width="541" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Natalia
never gave up sculpting the human form. In fact, during her career, she was commissioned
to create busts or statues of famous people (some were relatives or monuments
commemorating them) including the one below of her grandfather Pavlos Melas
which is now<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>situated opposite the White
Tower in Thessaloniki.<span style="color: red;">(6)</span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpuyjyvGb9HrEpB9Axd2JsMCDGJsLcj56Qsi0kJwwxcXB6AB5ztSYsomY5LJmShRacD0zui35ghacHEPVpN-b2iGCentzXjbMKPyuvq2wxj83jh3qZIzjaG5s_TAke0Op0Y-swllHVgTOpfWhCaDZ54tz5oUrqRnDkvrxtY32A__VOdl_I82a5dA3R=s1333" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="1000" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpuyjyvGb9HrEpB9Axd2JsMCDGJsLcj56Qsi0kJwwxcXB6AB5ztSYsomY5LJmShRacD0zui35ghacHEPVpN-b2iGCentzXjbMKPyuvq2wxj83jh3qZIzjaG5s_TAke0Op0Y-swllHVgTOpfWhCaDZ54tz5oUrqRnDkvrxtY32A__VOdl_I82a5dA3R=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">She had many
solo exhibitions in Greece and abroad in 1948, 65, 67, 75, and 87 just to name
a few. In 2008, when she was 85, the Benaki museum presented a major
retrospective of her work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2011
Natalia received the Fine Arts Award from the Academy of Athens.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">There was
almost nothing she could not turn her hand to, from painting to collage, to
marble and metal. But one aspect of her art intrigues me: those paper
sculptures created during her old age. They are marvellous. In an interview
with Diana Farr Louis in 1912, when asked about her latest medium she responded<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">: What else would I do? I’d be bored with
myself if I didn’t</i>. <span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhESahxyd2KsI3xEkh-ek5iLIpI-YDv--li2vghbmcx-DyZ8-VoVCi629SUMMG2YNyq3BIgEo6gwTtMKtgX0bM9jjVOsVnp5X6OwEUDvQZfJTc0g5xglYCwUGMDuHSp1OabDnmWAU-e8S12uf4AQWvILm3QX8tBN8ScZDrrufuTi_MaakNIdZDYeOqA=s260" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="260" data-original-width="194" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhESahxyd2KsI3xEkh-ek5iLIpI-YDv--li2vghbmcx-DyZ8-VoVCi629SUMMG2YNyq3BIgEo6gwTtMKtgX0bM9jjVOsVnp5X6OwEUDvQZfJTc0g5xglYCwUGMDuHSp1OabDnmWAU-e8S12uf4AQWvILm3QX8tBN8ScZDrrufuTi_MaakNIdZDYeOqA=w298-h400" width="298" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjSeIeYKIN4yh_1s-mcHSa3JNrZTUGyuG85dbV-3NGEBb7XBMYwsesD-xl6jufaKIO5yCIfILhAb0VfTXxR6BPDkXGmDBOGXqfGXuLSdIM68BmdLU5Idhn_Wp7o1GwKhG1bQAUq48KmZLwUxudQIPZz-AcDhMFwn1uJ1frhne-n94axKw2CT2cPnvBf=s640" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjSeIeYKIN4yh_1s-mcHSa3JNrZTUGyuG85dbV-3NGEBb7XBMYwsesD-xl6jufaKIO5yCIfILhAb0VfTXxR6BPDkXGmDBOGXqfGXuLSdIM68BmdLU5Idhn_Wp7o1GwKhG1bQAUq48KmZLwUxudQIPZz-AcDhMFwn1uJ1frhne-n94axKw2CT2cPnvBf=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Natalia Mela
died in 2019 and is buried in a Melas family plot in the First Cemetery.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhV7qtWR-jGvqNBuUPq3cF_Aj7Et3Nw6594AgMxt0tGMfK6B7pCiA7fGoEYizeyXZaInbgfqmLORvfN7lY2uHlXz9x7owGp6bRgBFo5gydp8ivnNLRTo1nfkKcENBTALZ24cKPtrI6v845izvz7xq66gD8q8cHc7Med1rVdedRz-sVqLjoTABl8ktMg=s3264" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3264" data-original-width="2448" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhV7qtWR-jGvqNBuUPq3cF_Aj7Et3Nw6594AgMxt0tGMfK6B7pCiA7fGoEYizeyXZaInbgfqmLORvfN7lY2uHlXz9x7owGp6bRgBFo5gydp8ivnNLRTo1nfkKcENBTALZ24cKPtrI6v845izvz7xq66gD8q8cHc7Med1rVdedRz-sVqLjoTABl8ktMg=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></div><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Section One, Number 383</span></b>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCWKIfBGVAO_EClXUYYPeV3laow15H43iyH9wGbfzdFV6gyQi5047I1DfhCQMR6xWmMjHxhsIPFEi_SUW7Vyal3i-LkiaaAVwfGqaHM5CtIvH89qjmL26tcd1rv-hRXp_4K3hx0v-YfUPulEq8ch-Z73gp7e0ftjNd5KwWC4_aC8W9RosTNRrhdQHZ=s4608" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCWKIfBGVAO_EClXUYYPeV3laow15H43iyH9wGbfzdFV6gyQi5047I1DfhCQMR6xWmMjHxhsIPFEi_SUW7Vyal3i-LkiaaAVwfGqaHM5CtIvH89qjmL26tcd1rv-hRXp_4K3hx0v-YfUPulEq8ch-Z73gp7e0ftjNd5KwWC4_aC8W9RosTNRrhdQHZ=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Although she
apparently wore her husband’s wedding ring along with her own after his suicide
at the age of 80, she is buried in a Melas grave not far from her husband’s in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Section One, Number 482.</b> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiu6iDRtV1beZnNT8fYnQJ8rMrknb1Ev_pb-fc1wJl8eyE99_Sp6MPhp07GEXwDXt5Q45MCNkYjbwEAQV9Eb2yfisrUwsqM729QAy_E463xBtJt4Jv8UaBRg8jZY60g_dqaM-94TBt0sX-BWL0Bpbhi3RSPaZew-uKwtfrmRiSBYgpRRVNWBarTUsyc=s4608" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3456" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiu6iDRtV1beZnNT8fYnQJ8rMrknb1Ev_pb-fc1wJl8eyE99_Sp6MPhp07GEXwDXt5Q45MCNkYjbwEAQV9Eb2yfisrUwsqM729QAy_E463xBtJt4Jv8UaBRg8jZY60g_dqaM-94TBt0sX-BWL0Bpbhi3RSPaZew-uKwtfrmRiSBYgpRRVNWBarTUsyc=s320" width="240" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">The Map</span></b>
</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEirfFW4ZaM3vgCbkw0wxFtebNxc44iHkEibyyj3AnOO2p-O-Oim3l_BqgKEcEu_KCVOdJLsu0tE0mXQ4Sb9zEobONUvUFvZYoHQ8QGt2Ve4ePyjNUIklMUWEJbNv4oZBkVwY2sPeG4cuOChxyzcSIJeueZBP2njnUNSFN2PGEX58ilMrmq23Z7oy1hz=s2641" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2473" data-original-width="2641" height="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEirfFW4ZaM3vgCbkw0wxFtebNxc44iHkEibyyj3AnOO2p-O-Oim3l_BqgKEcEu_KCVOdJLsu0tE0mXQ4Sb9zEobONUvUFvZYoHQ8QGt2Ve4ePyjNUIklMUWEJbNv4oZBkVwY2sPeG4cuOChxyzcSIJeueZBP2njnUNSFN2PGEX58ilMrmq23Z7oy1hz=w640-h600" width="640" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(1)</span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The list is a long one including
Nellie Andrikopoulou, Buba Lymberaki, Nikos Koundouros, Lena Tsouchlou, Giannis
Morales, Giannis Tsarouchis, Dimitris Pikionis, Nikos Egonopoulos, Andreas Embeirikos,
Odysseos Elytis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and on and on.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(2)</span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The actual death of Pavlos Melas was
a drawn out affair during which his words were recorded by his friends and
related to the world. The very fact that he was an irregular helped create his
legend. Ever since Klefts and Souliots and war lords like Kolokotronos and
Mavromichaelis, Greeks have had a fondness for the ‘outlaw’ patriot.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(3) </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Greece has had a shocking number of
political and ideological martyrs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>during
its modern history.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(4) </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">See
http:/www.nataliamela.gr/WebsiteEn/bio andrikopoulou.php</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(5) </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A great deal has been written about
this incident. Andre Gerolymatos in his book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">An International Civil War </i>devotes two pages to the story, again
stressing the trend among the young elite to espouse the communist cause and
also related that the family of one of the murderers preferred that he be
arrested by the Gestapo and shot (which he was) for having an illegal firearm
rather than having his connection with the communist party become known. One
friend referred to her as a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">royalistcommunist
</i>because her family were such well known royalists. Such contradictions
almost seem normal for Greece at times.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(6) </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">She created a bust of Georgos Pesmazoglou
at the National Bank in 1951, the monument of the Fallen Soldier, Zagoria, in
1964, a statue of actress Givelli for the Athens Cultural Centre in 1994, and
the statue of Pavlos Melas erected in Thessaloniki in 1994.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-24406164979464035342022-02-11T03:01:00.011-08:002023-09-20T07:20:28.559-07:00Aris Constantinidis<p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Aris Constantinidis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ΆΡΗΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΙΔΗΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Born 1913 in Athens<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died September 18,
1993</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjmmvhYxAgtw8YGP27iUXxliFTrI0gj5xJcc6IBdAkVznX9WfR3yzfFmN_cjUIRGhHdY9SqATQidpHwTeIjnrP7NRUSlz_GHfunk_3J8glIo3Fr7TVrVK-7TcNAv0mO_3Z-UQ0S56QbEhcFCXDlJvdIBCps5V0pvG6k1w53JOduJreYnuruuQYTNwPJ=s4608" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4608" data-original-width="3456" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjmmvhYxAgtw8YGP27iUXxliFTrI0gj5xJcc6IBdAkVznX9WfR3yzfFmN_cjUIRGhHdY9SqATQidpHwTeIjnrP7NRUSlz_GHfunk_3J8glIo3Fr7TVrVK-7TcNAv0mO_3Z-UQ0S56QbEhcFCXDlJvdIBCps5V0pvG6k1w53JOduJreYnuruuQYTNwPJ=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></div><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Section One, Number 482
</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">The Architect Who
Helped bring Modernism to Greece</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Aris Constantinidis was one of the
great Greek architects of the 20<sup>th</sup> century and with his work in the public
and private sphere he has left an indelible mark on the Greek landscape. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Looking at his oeuvre, from the Xenia Hotels
to the 16 buildings he created as a freelancer, the picture of a passionate and
committed artist emerges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aris
Constantinidis had so many talents. He was an excellent photographer and an
eloquent writer; both of these talents helped him to promote his work and
vision.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">His private practice remained small
because he was notoriously unwilling to compromise with his clients on even the
smallest detail of the houses he built. They were meant to be ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vessels of life planted in the landscape’</i>
in which form and function were seamlessly fused, a fusion he believed that the
architects of ancient Greek temples and the anonymous architects of every day Greek
homes had also achieved. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And yet, he was
a true modernist in his use of form and raw materials: natural stone,
reinforced concrete, and metal. His iconic weekend house at Anavyssos is Constantinidis
at his most basic, embodying one of his famous mantras: “Let us learn to be
simple and to live sparsely”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <br /></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEivY4MEZAyhQzbujfFh7QxCGm_vWVFHNfdfmCdWRVFiC14YlSPkI4jltEu8VtdR4dCJ39vangabaENXig5tLKIhLugti0JClPfHJFg28i1R5jk7IcsKrLiM9jqElqsiJAOLvv2A5Ax6QLEP6T0xYgB7bHDLZBMgdaLpVGMJvOUhnofWlB4TFQz_3eb9=s299" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="299" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEivY4MEZAyhQzbujfFh7QxCGm_vWVFHNfdfmCdWRVFiC14YlSPkI4jltEu8VtdR4dCJ39vangabaENXig5tLKIhLugti0JClPfHJFg28i1R5jk7IcsKrLiM9jqElqsiJAOLvv2A5Ax6QLEP6T0xYgB7bHDLZBMgdaLpVGMJvOUhnofWlB4TFQz_3eb9=w640-h360" width="640" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">For some, this style is too
uncompromising. I admit I have had to think about it before I became a convert.
</span></b>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpY6avICm54dGAjqRu-4GDxQ-SZdZ_BFrl3wjwxa2nF4DPqJn0vtGwsPrCYl8eNruxvhRWJ0k1dF28mSHFfTWGHfPSqpyfmRb_DWx8-hWR-IKOZr4Q2HK3orLLHK-IOLw3503SxvODR0EXCwTWudUt4sTre8wS4Fi9w8gThZTfsu6ItJXj1uYk2cuB=s749" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="449" data-original-width="749" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpY6avICm54dGAjqRu-4GDxQ-SZdZ_BFrl3wjwxa2nF4DPqJn0vtGwsPrCYl8eNruxvhRWJ0k1dF28mSHFfTWGHfPSqpyfmRb_DWx8-hWR-IKOZr4Q2HK3orLLHK-IOLw3503SxvODR0EXCwTWudUt4sTre8wS4Fi9w8gThZTfsu6ItJXj1uYk2cuB=w640-h384" width="640" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Aris was
born in Athens. His Cypriot father worked in a bank and his mother hailed from
Corinthia. He and his two siblings grew up on 2 Karolou Street in central
Athens near Plateia Karaiskaki and he received a good education at the
Varvakeion High School before leaving for Munich, where between 1931 and 1936 he
studied architecture at the technical university. It was here that he was introduced
to modernism, an artistic movement (which included the Bauhaus movement) that wanted
to leave behind outdated and obsolete traditional art forms. Architecturally,
modernism attempted to combine form and function, and reject embellishment.
Strong lines and geometric shapes became the hallmarks of this architecture.
Consatantinidis was lucky that his stay in Munich occurred when it did because,
after 1933, modernism in all its forms would be suppressed by the Nazi regime
as ‘decadent’. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">So Long Neoclassicism</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Aris did not
immediately return home after his studies but opted to travel extensively in
Europe, often by motorcycle, to see what trends were emerging. During his
travels he even met Mies Van der Rohe and returned home to Greece convinced
that the Neoclassical architecture so favoured in his own country was obsolete.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4nXESKXjt1Kqqiypnmag2OFvksEb3lKy1Q63bQz0OItZo7jT8GR1aZ3Xqqg5c27FztmktFvoEIHZh5f2SyKf2tnx0DYxTuez5Nuyu98lBnR4jTtZhFMZ47lWbSdMIzv_f6JH_4q0PzIjTW6xJm4yGXMa7o-qjsS8kV6e2tHRjXAraxsFSytRIXJxO=s283" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="178" data-original-width="283" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4nXESKXjt1Kqqiypnmag2OFvksEb3lKy1Q63bQz0OItZo7jT8GR1aZ3Xqqg5c27FztmktFvoEIHZh5f2SyKf2tnx0DYxTuez5Nuyu98lBnR4jTtZhFMZ47lWbSdMIzv_f6JH_4q0PzIjTW6xJm4yGXMa7o-qjsS8kV6e2tHRjXAraxsFSytRIXJxO=w400-h252" width="400" /></a></span> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">This idea
takes a moment to unpack because we are so used to thinking of Neoclassical
Athens <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">as </i>modern Athens. But he had
some compelling arguments lined up for rejecting it as a ‘foreign import’ that
did not take into account the environment it was meant to enhance. In any case,
he did not believe in an international architecture like neoclassicism because
he believed that buildings had to be environmentally topical and use only locally
available materials. It is true that, by and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">l</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">arge, Neoclassical houses did not incorporate<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>the natural landscape. A garden,<span style="color: red;"> </span>if it existed, was ‘out there’, an ‘aside’ to the
house, not an integral part of it. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
structures, they did not bring the outside in and the inside out, nor did they
take any real advantage of the famous Greek light. And then there were those
tiny balconies – hardly suitable for people who could live outdoors eight
months of the year if they chose to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhcnlZlA8P0G4sBP2aduasQr9kh7_EOp-ykMzsykTil2z63htHagqJAxep1iJcCI8EqS5oCNx1mTeKqFR5YG8eoLI4SqK7CcIkWLy55-ZBartTGdQkGreWdfYuUhLbz51J0eVRtio9Kx9hUfqjpg1KMWFby7T31GtUc96gFAqF4fYg0DXWM1kO_X-DV=s277" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="182" data-original-width="277" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhcnlZlA8P0G4sBP2aduasQr9kh7_EOp-ykMzsykTil2z63htHagqJAxep1iJcCI8EqS5oCNx1mTeKqFR5YG8eoLI4SqK7CcIkWLy55-ZBartTGdQkGreWdfYuUhLbz51J0eVRtio9Kx9hUfqjpg1KMWFby7T31GtUc96gFAqF4fYg0DXWM1kO_X-DV=w400-h263" width="400" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A typical neoclassical
house in the plaka</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgTIMoy_5TE6zv_4gMzKZxK9claCdv7CJd4JMQzXS2I9EG7Z42SswrAfGfAFCaCgQkn8KfONlECVzxSrYYFKARRPf6w8pZ_WFqLThGrb-pnOtzMrE2Mbsv-zta20Zu_DBo1kWqZ1-5Fwfdy6LgGF-5aFoQ0wBBSUeUWfrEd6k1yjDzM3br62Tg0ifW4=s4608" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgTIMoy_5TE6zv_4gMzKZxK9claCdv7CJd4JMQzXS2I9EG7Z42SswrAfGfAFCaCgQkn8KfONlECVzxSrYYFKARRPf6w8pZ_WFqLThGrb-pnOtzMrE2Mbsv-zta20Zu_DBo1kWqZ1-5Fwfdy6LgGF-5aFoQ0wBBSUeUWfrEd6k1yjDzM3br62Tg0ifW4=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Athens first hotel on
Thoukididou Street built in the severe style of Early Athens</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">As an
interesting aside, I am reminded of one of Capodistria’s first orders after he
arrived in Nauplion as governor. He embraced the neoclassical style which he
was so familiar with and, not only ordained it, but<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> forbade</i> state architects to build the wooden enclosed porches with
their underlying shaded area on the ground floor. These extensions (</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">χαγιάτια</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">) which were ubiquitous at the time, he
considered hateful holdovers from the Ottoman occupation! </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">What Every House Needs </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Constantinidis believed that a building should have at least
three integral and integrated parts, the interior room, the surrounding outside
environment, and the all important shaded courtyard where, in the traditional
anonymous architecture of the Greek people, so much of life actually took
place. A shaded courtyard or even a canopy held up by four posts was all one really
needed for cooking, washing, sleeping, and socializing. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the spare yet functional geometric designs
of Greek temples and in the houses of the ordinary people on the islands and
the mainland, he saw that the seeds of modernism were already inherent. He would
always insist on this Greek element as fundamental to his concept of modernism.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEji_G5HpaSS81v0SiecH8JO2HOP_MaMUVZcQnog5CBCI-munfQ_VR8maT_2fRawKu1xHOzEUqoz49jN95lCa85PFE5v-ER24lvcrAr9tpd9FGqWNpkJagUOa0_8J044VHDKjqtOtPPHvZhLKvp7M-ZrqKYPQjoz-HMSsKe3tgawJmoo4zUPA9DGH_Lq=s287" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="175" data-original-width="287" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEji_G5HpaSS81v0SiecH8JO2HOP_MaMUVZcQnog5CBCI-munfQ_VR8maT_2fRawKu1xHOzEUqoz49jN95lCa85PFE5v-ER24lvcrAr9tpd9FGqWNpkJagUOa0_8J044VHDKjqtOtPPHvZhLKvp7M-ZrqKYPQjoz-HMSsKe3tgawJmoo4zUPA9DGH_Lq=w400-h244" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyf4_0hjiQSusg41FdgIAxZ403dyEUPK1rtWUNyZ8HHKMDdst2sfMjbR-zTcKTa65sLpooNywLg91rwXLAmdgMSaZFzSmiy1XsG0_jAyoPuylv48Pi_0DqoD7cQixbffaoy2eOppZkfNCLd2pPfbmJ7sh-UjEA2HjClihRv4L6wrLu8MNL8N7uBjKD=s550" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="404" data-original-width="550" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyf4_0hjiQSusg41FdgIAxZ403dyEUPK1rtWUNyZ8HHKMDdst2sfMjbR-zTcKTa65sLpooNywLg91rwXLAmdgMSaZFzSmiy1XsG0_jAyoPuylv48Pi_0DqoD7cQixbffaoy2eOppZkfNCLd2pPfbmJ7sh-UjEA2HjClihRv4L6wrLu8MNL8N7uBjKD=w400-h294" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">An old Athenian house still there at
29 Tripodou Street near the Lysicratas monument displays elements of Constantinidis
‘anonymous architecture’ </span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXTjwGGu8ny1COJ-w5I7RtyvchOEqCmVp8s3aQ1Dzs4-JadaeKFKwJTOKu5yMrtU37pS0oqf150X5c7LWo5wMGRZHB6wbJQbuhnJ3sj5O0kG5BMGM7Uw-OoJV5SOdvlaAW9NYxdrFnmddVkiWGqGaT-uiiubiKAUma6HDRoCsXyqEKRiPHelBesrQn=s276" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="276" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXTjwGGu8ny1COJ-w5I7RtyvchOEqCmVp8s3aQ1Dzs4-JadaeKFKwJTOKu5yMrtU37pS0oqf150X5c7LWo5wMGRZHB6wbJQbuhnJ3sj5O0kG5BMGM7Uw-OoJV5SOdvlaAW9NYxdrFnmddVkiWGqGaT-uiiubiKAUma6HDRoCsXyqEKRiPHelBesrQn=w400-h265" width="400" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /> </i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Cycladic houses were
‘modernist’ before modernism; the form was perfect for its function and there
was nothing superfluous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Le Cobusier
during a visit to Greece in 1933 would see and be intrigued by this
architecture.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">During the
thirties and war years, Constantinidis travelled extensively in the islands and
the Peloponnese, photographing houses which illustrated his belief that, left
to their own devices, ordinary people would always prefer his trinity of
interior, exterior, and shaded courtyard. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhijBlGGbjD-JQBQ-j8SxiC0G4-tuICVBdNaDOCuwqtss7aooW6pryev7biIw5CbpccS0t4YbswPS3mpdwAOkptY4w05IeTy8_DQE8l9VT7pWg5Wf-lz5OkgJ3Tda3mq1hE4KtX4QCbHJEVXaoETbMvP1kHk7CLNIUd_EfAnUXdufFOzc0qfnGaZ8ly=s674" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="674" data-original-width="550" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhijBlGGbjD-JQBQ-j8SxiC0G4-tuICVBdNaDOCuwqtss7aooW6pryev7biIw5CbpccS0t4YbswPS3mpdwAOkptY4w05IeTy8_DQE8l9VT7pWg5Wf-lz5OkgJ3Tda3mq1hE4KtX4QCbHJEVXaoETbMvP1kHk7CLNIUd_EfAnUXdufFOzc0qfnGaZ8ly=w326-h400" width="326" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The photographer at
work</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;">The Thirties: The House in Eleusis and a ‘Youthful Mistake’</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">During the
thirties in Greece he designed one private home, a house in Eleusis which
incorporated his modernist ideas. In this case he used plaster because the
local stone was of poor quality.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiUn1LRUhwgyvJUKTClJkPU6iEVQjr2YKy0mnbZgk8iNg2h7TAhJbqWjdTFTTJn53vhMJBy-TOwgESj4pp_tOlZCEH2X1JhXCKFhB_x4JYH3qbAn0JoRqk9Hw3tzky6nDJU8TLjinpv3Y145oRq8AjB0n8oiqUoKPN6qQ95x13kD3d6RSVp9MFjs0lQ=s360" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="176" data-original-width="360" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiUn1LRUhwgyvJUKTClJkPU6iEVQjr2YKy0mnbZgk8iNg2h7TAhJbqWjdTFTTJn53vhMJBy-TOwgESj4pp_tOlZCEH2X1JhXCKFhB_x4JYH3qbAn0JoRqk9Hw3tzky6nDJU8TLjinpv3Y145oRq8AjB0n8oiqUoKPN6qQ95x13kD3d6RSVp9MFjs0lQ=w400-h195" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The House in Eleusis</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">His ‘youthful
mistake’ in the late thirties is one you can easily examine on a visit to the
First Cemetery. It was the monumental entrance he designed along with Andreas
Ploumistos while working for the City Planning Department of Athens.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhzxk1OGEE3OGvr6mQwqEXfgF5wksr46AOeumb5swoAzE1v97LYVYrg-J8kOM2l47iHBrioSFK1mMIBkOHw4dAJRcUj7qHgIuVXkMW3Abc9AqzR4zESWhGFD6qfZ2m2QwwtR56GH1ujHT3FTtbzvzQ94wfFZFmWM9yWR5Z_iSVRb8gh7xBO7cCFHt6u=s506" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="506" data-original-width="450" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhzxk1OGEE3OGvr6mQwqEXfgF5wksr46AOeumb5swoAzE1v97LYVYrg-J8kOM2l47iHBrioSFK1mMIBkOHw4dAJRcUj7qHgIuVXkMW3Abc9AqzR4zESWhGFD6qfZ2m2QwwtR56GH1ujHT3FTtbzvzQ94wfFZFmWM9yWR5Z_iSVRb8gh7xBO7cCFHt6u=w570-h640" width="570" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I hate it; enough said.
</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1951 he married
Natalia Mela, a wonderful sculptress in her own right and whose family
connections and artistic circle would certainly have widened her husband’s
horizons. Their artistic circle included such Greek luminaries as Diamantis
Diamantopoulos, Ioannis Tsarouchis, Ioannis Morales, and Odysseus Elytis. It
was a wonderful era to be an artist</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Fifties and Sixties </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">were his most prolific decades. His
work with the Ministry of Public works continued into 1953; he worked and
designed for the Low Income Housing Department (OEK) from 1955-7, and for the
Greek National Tourist Organization (EOT) from 1957 to 1967 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and again after the Junta until 1978. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the first years of the Junta, he went
into self exile and taught at the Zurich Polytechnical School in Switzerland.
This would be his only stint as a teacher.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEitrd-74DB7LeQWwuRPkjGigDPH-gX7N8PDzUdICveURGy_l49Ac8PFsvAtt0zhGvSgHmENQNkweRaId7scOcz7nZn4tbFeCfSCzFPvBOxvjcL_Btdxz_0Ahz5zXDmte5fExJ8qlKWL8UxSLMciYGtAPkb1wPS5Ggd5W6Oyr3w0GxOB51YnakUcP0dY=s1200" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEitrd-74DB7LeQWwuRPkjGigDPH-gX7N8PDzUdICveURGy_l49Ac8PFsvAtt0zhGvSgHmENQNkweRaId7scOcz7nZn4tbFeCfSCzFPvBOxvjcL_Btdxz_0Ahz5zXDmte5fExJ8qlKWL8UxSLMciYGtAPkb1wPS5Ggd5W6Oyr3w0GxOB51YnakUcP0dY=w400-h400" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Aris and Natalia</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgPe2eRbA4KMiTvbUwOVlZjo_Znx2mYypj-uRmjVhSHnhbzOsD34rD1rLRsnX7_NlGuA-__R3TVIJ9N-Rav21iLWBgy1EGt3GhTk0MUwMARH4VGrF-TlrGHyhy8WyDhKTzA1voYKdus8awA1WKHF4jXOYOzTl2heBi9ouQSltcIk5URLrsDOPIWhBRn=s939" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="707" data-original-width="939" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgPe2eRbA4KMiTvbUwOVlZjo_Znx2mYypj-uRmjVhSHnhbzOsD34rD1rLRsnX7_NlGuA-__R3TVIJ9N-Rav21iLWBgy1EGt3GhTk0MUwMARH4VGrF-TlrGHyhy8WyDhKTzA1voYKdus8awA1WKHF4jXOYOzTl2heBi9ouQSltcIk5URLrsDOPIWhBRn=w400-h301" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Aris at their Spetses
summer home sitting beside one of Natalia’s roosters</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Xenia Hotels</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Anyone of a
certain age today who travelled in Greece in the sixties or seventies probably
stayed at a Xenia hotel more than once. They were built during the era when
Marshall plan money was readily available and Greece’s tourism industry was
gearing up for the influx of visitors it hoped would become a mainstay of the
economy. It was a heady era when the government were hiring the likes of Demitris
Pikionis to create a new entrance to the acropolis and modernist architects like
Constantinidis were given the go ahead to plan and build hotels in important but
at that time out of the way sites. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgwsBa6LOq6vXrSeIoEjD9_5xsLLe9y_a4pXTVkEIUuX2D6MThVR-fajGzXwNBLTfpgzUH-Bo6cR_adDlOXnhZNMxJHIm8XWFvDb8VvkBfp83DezmlW74fwySpTfHt9-DVbvy3q_AnHJ8Rd1pfGOKW4skpWuzCPkKfGtCDn8yddcBZCOaaw8e8IvDKT=s500" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="246" data-original-width="500" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgwsBa6LOq6vXrSeIoEjD9_5xsLLe9y_a4pXTVkEIUuX2D6MThVR-fajGzXwNBLTfpgzUH-Bo6cR_adDlOXnhZNMxJHIm8XWFvDb8VvkBfp83DezmlW74fwySpTfHt9-DVbvy3q_AnHJ8Rd1pfGOKW4skpWuzCPkKfGtCDn8yddcBZCOaaw8e8IvDKT=w400-h196" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Andros, by
Constantinidis 1958</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Xenia on
Andros was the first of a cascade of 44 or so hotels, motels and tourist
pavilions that were built all over Greece. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Constantinidis
did not build them all although he designed at least ten of them, but they all
reflected his style, so much so, that you could identify almost any Xenia by
sight:</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh3h0vLXAO80Is4nzvSrCUt4amwgyVQfGvl8A3nTZaZmShTbVHl9zYqLZQPiZ6PqzpxKbD2gW2srD97S-VG2hZDqHtNjMOLMiIEH19H9lF6FQ19VXfe4hgygzOyi9S3AhNSmOA1kgsj5y3_JCryTA0JArc6QqLuqOHSx34G9yHYqjroTjUxLMgTYecS=s275" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh3h0vLXAO80Is4nzvSrCUt4amwgyVQfGvl8A3nTZaZmShTbVHl9zYqLZQPiZ6PqzpxKbD2gW2srD97S-VG2hZDqHtNjMOLMiIEH19H9lF6FQ19VXfe4hgygzOyi9S3AhNSmOA1kgsj5y3_JCryTA0JArc6QqLuqOHSx34G9yHYqjroTjUxLMgTYecS=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Mykonos by Constantinidis 1962</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Xenias, like
this one, often covered a large area:</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi7aI5VDuBsBPgIP6eo2jk8B-iYgdGoyMyBq7Gqn9TKK2dHz0Bx6LxPDqKtmaWyOLWg0-oPtvafyl-cLFOlFVNJU4FIhSTzOptMJv7NmgRxVBZ-t-t2mrqec-zdbzdQl5PRUigB8lswgNQ93eu8euxloOuqW0UrwmIijzfvuXyJhDu3-vLNsGpjfR-n=s550" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="384" data-original-width="550" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi7aI5VDuBsBPgIP6eo2jk8B-iYgdGoyMyBq7Gqn9TKK2dHz0Bx6LxPDqKtmaWyOLWg0-oPtvafyl-cLFOlFVNJU4FIhSTzOptMJv7NmgRxVBZ-t-t2mrqec-zdbzdQl5PRUigB8lswgNQ93eu8euxloOuqW0UrwmIijzfvuXyJhDu3-vLNsGpjfR-n=w400-h279" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Xenia Mykonos
complex</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Even if the
geometrical form was not everyone’s cup of tea, there were other advantages,
all of them from the modernist’s handbook: the rooms were roomy, airy, and took
advantage of the light; there was always a balcony, one with a view to the sea
or a garden. The garden settings were often stunning and the public rooms
spacious, something woefully missing in a lot of modern hotels in Greece.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I am
particularly fond of one Constantinidis contribution that is not a hotel at all
but rather a pavillion and the dressing rooms for the actors at Epidavros.
These buildings and the way they enhance the environment around the theatre is
magical.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjkSa4Za8BmbDjceJqybdYbjoZ83Ch2RYYeu-hzc6XuzA2LXCvRqMXIvszHhZQ0c7iOev4aEc7l2szx26GOletSvGqq6zVGrGo4Sy8ISJO_om9g8Aq9yG5mCQ5pYU4D1fftY3LQ8dxD7Y2dbZDcq1yCGwagVdRO2lS9gPASk7zZg7xxKhZLE-a2jKPg=s1055" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="430" data-original-width="1055" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjkSa4Za8BmbDjceJqybdYbjoZ83Ch2RYYeu-hzc6XuzA2LXCvRqMXIvszHhZQ0c7iOev4aEc7l2szx26GOletSvGqq6zVGrGo4Sy8ISJO_om9g8Aq9yG5mCQ5pYU4D1fftY3LQ8dxD7Y2dbZDcq1yCGwagVdRO2lS9gPASk7zZg7xxKhZLE-a2jKPg=w400-h163" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Epidavros</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Three Examples of Works
from His Private Practice </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">I have
chosen three houses that illuminated his work for me. He did build two
apartment buildings in Athens which are excellent in themselves but do not
fit<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as harmoniously in their surroundings
as his suburban houses have done. He was not as successful in an urban setting
and that is perhaps why his plan for a Syntagma square renovation proposed in
1957, was rejected. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Xydis House, Achimedes and
Klitomachou Street in Athens. 1961 </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">This
building near the Kalimarmaro stadium is a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tour
de force</i>. It was built on an irregular pentagon shaped piece of land with a
steep slope His solution was to create a house on five levels, the first two
hewn out of the bedrock and to make brilliant use of balconies and somehow
creating his trademark feeling of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>light
and space in what could have been a cramped interior. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjOmvqxQQWydDhrSUYbvE43n81v-Hejq03Ii6Acm64tL9R0p8U0tpZL82vQD3HJ9yt06Xp_mq5Hjg_GFSjwSqmDbvBoNxpph6qmLQCdCtBDYObPKOAfUOxQHLNDxOOYdJQ_coo0YWxVbEszxYk1w3BIRlZKuWll3G2FKNWcT3V6k7HzPULsuxHtMTpx=s237" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="237" data-original-width="213" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjOmvqxQQWydDhrSUYbvE43n81v-Hejq03Ii6Acm64tL9R0p8U0tpZL82vQD3HJ9yt06Xp_mq5Hjg_GFSjwSqmDbvBoNxpph6qmLQCdCtBDYObPKOAfUOxQHLNDxOOYdJQ_coo0YWxVbEszxYk1w3BIRlZKuWll3G2FKNWcT3V6k7HzPULsuxHtMTpx=w359-h400" width="359" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A mock up of the house
showing the elevations</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhq716Lw5swbGUoKvZOExWN1UyboeqmWzf2JsmOX7iqBiKNRR06EDje9agLnDzg8IHDqsgwD1osTGYlUKqqor3hLpAisWl_NcfO6fy_VykAnVBnz4qKJBZpHAzR0xzBvVpo0k4oPU0qPWPQ7oA12O-FkB9RqYCg_M6tda54IqTpA5O1oFB9C9fYGURO=s266" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="266" data-original-width="189" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhq716Lw5swbGUoKvZOExWN1UyboeqmWzf2JsmOX7iqBiKNRR06EDje9agLnDzg8IHDqsgwD1osTGYlUKqqor3hLpAisWl_NcfO6fy_VykAnVBnz4qKJBZpHAzR0xzBvVpo0k4oPU0qPWPQ7oA12O-FkB9RqYCg_M6tda54IqTpA5O1oFB9C9fYGURO=w284-h400" width="284" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The exterior</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhBeCs_-iCMGehGZQrXywymXSaSV1Jw1WPcyBWdtmgo73Nwvchug_29H0Z-UN4yvVeAA2-zzPjM7sSf2yBSZ6_YacBHmzP9y-teXCY9lovypMJisdSyPxDs1DBNhDjyWx4Gaf13qRsp0fqmtr_2VbR60xIxXdBKHWw_OjMDDSYLpwB3XhzN9rNVTq0L=s220" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="220" data-original-width="220" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhBeCs_-iCMGehGZQrXywymXSaSV1Jw1WPcyBWdtmgo73Nwvchug_29H0Z-UN4yvVeAA2-zzPjM7sSf2yBSZ6_YacBHmzP9y-teXCY9lovypMJisdSyPxDs1DBNhDjyWx4Gaf13qRsp0fqmtr_2VbR60xIxXdBKHWw_OjMDDSYLpwB3XhzN9rNVTq0L=w400-h400" width="400" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /> </i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The interior.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">All three of
the designs discussed here utilized one spacious open planned living room</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Weekend House at Anavyssos,
Attica (1962)</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">This weekend
home embodies so much of his aesthetic: Natural stone (locally quarried), bare reinforced
concrete, large windows and openings to let the outside and inside meld
together in harmony.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5uRTRrXdQu0RT8cb3PxG2WcqgCUu-mzD1_gM-nZrrd0r4LqnAg8At2VFfiMoY1Pz8mOWnYa4KCo2WXXFrloKbl74JF3A_aC-msyZB4tzPIXyqv5DzXts684Yvrt0S1Hi30SOj1iH6gaKCx9h8jYiFjhBTmoj9DVrgOSG1EE75Bo_WoiZ6GNeqtbb_=s299" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="299" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5uRTRrXdQu0RT8cb3PxG2WcqgCUu-mzD1_gM-nZrrd0r4LqnAg8At2VFfiMoY1Pz8mOWnYa4KCo2WXXFrloKbl74JF3A_aC-msyZB4tzPIXyqv5DzXts684Yvrt0S1Hi30SOj1iH6gaKCx9h8jYiFjhBTmoj9DVrgOSG1EE75Bo_WoiZ6GNeqtbb_=w400-h225" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi-IPliNuGsDtj4Ciuig78i3Jw6y8afLZlm5gpNq1eyIq48lSiaOu1EGq33n4dG3y-HuV2fNUpdEO6-uYKU3mL_zpk-R4v0AiydWhPr6CNy8k2_ZcJ0q1NQXVIqCToniHWDNOCsBkXZzH1mcooLUPXz5oP7YEnwqgrBAT-3dxdJKY8FxsOSxhGB7ExO=s400" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="254" data-original-width="400" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi-IPliNuGsDtj4Ciuig78i3Jw6y8afLZlm5gpNq1eyIq48lSiaOu1EGq33n4dG3y-HuV2fNUpdEO6-uYKU3mL_zpk-R4v0AiydWhPr6CNy8k2_ZcJ0q1NQXVIqCToniHWDNOCsBkXZzH1mcooLUPXz5oP7YEnwqgrBAT-3dxdJKY8FxsOSxhGB7ExO=w400-h255" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Giannis Morales
House on Spetses </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjP4kDHntYGyu-w06sQr9BUgMLnHTEZatZNp735YEcLpDib00p4IaTxEMANPtzfpDLBFS9MiKCWjR8SJifGQ0m8fbAXxwL0Twd7i7by3a3wP2r4JSOd4k7D8Bpf48vMCjI3gwLWSqqLykX7oP_cmFgiM6gjHhhELwIL4lyj61-udwbVjnBmAOm--298=s800" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjP4kDHntYGyu-w06sQr9BUgMLnHTEZatZNp735YEcLpDib00p4IaTxEMANPtzfpDLBFS9MiKCWjR8SJifGQ0m8fbAXxwL0Twd7i7by3a3wP2r4JSOd4k7D8Bpf48vMCjI3gwLWSqqLykX7oP_cmFgiM6gjHhhELwIL4lyj61-udwbVjnBmAOm--298=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">This 500
square metre house was built on a 1500 square metre property and was used by
Morales as a studio and a home.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj7DBcJ4G_HdFNzwE3dZWChcvww5cW6PYanyCbbhkiOB_yWora_L9yF9xeH5XkW_bo4iMetJMl4z1NwXzy5YWxQybT1xVJ8KZ4NIJY45YFhZG6nwyrWK_BUws7Lw8_N_wjqC7QfuAr88jiitKB4SwuAj622XQplBfdWoD05eqS2GMhuxQY-POmo9kTF=s800" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj7DBcJ4G_HdFNzwE3dZWChcvww5cW6PYanyCbbhkiOB_yWora_L9yF9xeH5XkW_bo4iMetJMl4z1NwXzy5YWxQybT1xVJ8KZ4NIJY45YFhZG6nwyrWK_BUws7Lw8_N_wjqC7QfuAr88jiitKB4SwuAj622XQplBfdWoD05eqS2GMhuxQY-POmo9kTF=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He used this vast living space as a
studio.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgYLb_DXtLUx7yZ3mw9hXGv4gGd2ObvlFF3f1j4u_RhWCYlQX6Tof3c2gLD51UTp03RwEyH8xmMnyaqaJsCguonRBWB_BkvI7vXIRQ7cQHqW7PJse4Z3ffSHABtMDW6kW3jYBY_HKpZj1Bwa8MLDNIl3jmf1O-ZfyRQjkqlakxrG6MidsUWKynITUTj=s800" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgYLb_DXtLUx7yZ3mw9hXGv4gGd2ObvlFF3f1j4u_RhWCYlQX6Tof3c2gLD51UTp03RwEyH8xmMnyaqaJsCguonRBWB_BkvI7vXIRQ7cQHqW7PJse4Z3ffSHABtMDW6kW3jYBY_HKpZj1Bwa8MLDNIl3jmf1O-ZfyRQjkqlakxrG6MidsUWKynITUTj=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The view</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">After the
painter’s death, it was put up for auction with a starting price of one million
one hundred Euros.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">His Publications</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Constantinidis
used his publications not just to illustrate his work, but to present his own
ideas about what architecture should be. As one writer noted, his oeuvre and
his publications are a closed loop, two sides of the same coin.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Old Athenian House</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> (1950)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Two Churches on Mykonos</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> (1953)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Elements of Self Knowledge: Towards a
True Architecture</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">
(1975)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sinner and Plagarists: Architecture
Takes Off</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> (1987)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Theoktista (God Built)</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> in 1994</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">The End Game</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">What I
have built, I do not recognize...</i></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">By all
accounts, Aris Constantinidis could be critical and assertive to the point
where he offended co-workers and, more importantly, clients. He was highly
critical of fellow modernist <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2018/06/dimitris-pikionis.html">Dimitris Pikionis</a> although they were not as
fundamentally as far apart as he would often claim. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His ideas on architecture and its relation to
life amounted to a heartfelt manifesto and, as time passed, he became
increasingly distraught by what he saw as the deteriorating architectural situation
in Greece. He was especially pained by the alterations and slow decline of the
Xenia hotels as the Greek government withdrew from the hotel business in the
80s and new owners took charge. His theories, once fully formed, made him resistant
to change. When the lady of the house at Anavyssos wanted a stairway built to take
advantage of the home’s flat roof, he suggested she just use a wooden ladder
rather than spoil its perfect lines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not
surprisingly, she built a metal staircase. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a minimalist and could only have moaned
at the additions of bits and pieces owners would inevitably add to those spacious
rooms and massive mantle pieces. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Had he somehow
left behind the modernist mantra coined by Ezra Pound in the 30s: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Make it
New? </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When you are convinced you have achieved aesthetic
perfection, what possible benefit could there be in alteration?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1987 he published a work against post
modernism, late modernism, and deconstruction. The title says it all: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sinners
and Plagiarists</i></b>. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sadly, Constantinidis
had begun to feel that the world, a lesser one than the one he had envisioned, had
somehow passed him by. He committed suicide on September 16, 1993 at the age of
80. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQ4h4EDPrxfX9s8LIiHa7n5HvJWLTyW_ZRaQu5F5a-9ngTizqYhg82WyCDY6bgJHJZQ0TCzA46YDwz7AM32mfOkaz7TNyDAKj2DKwwhbwbxFaa3KieGrCS7Rz--QavGK7hcCziMygWoNi5VwGrqSvoc3guGDS7qR8FuAo9KY-GPeYMLLeaEVy_Pxn0=s594" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="594" data-original-width="439" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQ4h4EDPrxfX9s8LIiHa7n5HvJWLTyW_ZRaQu5F5a-9ngTizqYhg82WyCDY6bgJHJZQ0TCzA46YDwz7AM32mfOkaz7TNyDAKj2DKwwhbwbxFaa3KieGrCS7Rz--QavGK7hcCziMygWoNi5VwGrqSvoc3guGDS7qR8FuAo9KY-GPeYMLLeaEVy_Pxn0=w295-h400" width="295" /></a></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Section One, Number 482
</span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">From the excellent publication<i> The First Cemetery of Athens</i><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">There is one
other work of Constantinidis in the First which is far more elegant than that
botched entrance. He designed the grave marker of poet and Nobel prize winner
George Seferis, which, like his own monument, is elegant in its <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>simplicity.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi6qZ6zk4SA0lDT0SGTkLK5QWJDKJAP5FbEKEdeLxRg0ucad9v2DOLhWb5ScIW7g6B3vlEE0fxiiW8oWzvaD-BPdTcXJfjjmiz2J7r4Agq7gFWIRL_Iur7sQ3E9SPhaAsZhuTouyjBTFpD5GLN2fTudaJdu2YYCjDTlLO5sCipt4QD4sY4tGTI-63GA=s4608" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi6qZ6zk4SA0lDT0SGTkLK5QWJDKJAP5FbEKEdeLxRg0ucad9v2DOLhWb5ScIW7g6B3vlEE0fxiiW8oWzvaD-BPdTcXJfjjmiz2J7r4Agq7gFWIRL_Iur7sQ3E9SPhaAsZhuTouyjBTFpD5GLN2fTudaJdu2YYCjDTlLO5sCipt4QD4sY4tGTI-63GA=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Section 12, Number 65</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>The Map </b></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhboonjhe89Nqyx_MpR_Hx9ZfR-_g8pCHBdt2aYG4Y4XPzyrTHKOhWm5KzUqOczSMJdrmDxX7bGeeq630f73g6yolbip_d327VEVc_9aSyh36tYgsCgjrMQv0RSA3xy4amBo5HFeWwjGjkiOsW9E-CyLV6Z9aID2H2BKnuOXCEKf7t6DV0H77gnDxozTRc/s2616/map%20at%20entrance%20-Constantinidis.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2616" data-original-width="2062" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhboonjhe89Nqyx_MpR_Hx9ZfR-_g8pCHBdt2aYG4Y4XPzyrTHKOhWm5KzUqOczSMJdrmDxX7bGeeq630f73g6yolbip_d327VEVc_9aSyh36tYgsCgjrMQv0RSA3xy4amBo5HFeWwjGjkiOsW9E-CyLV6Z9aID2H2BKnuOXCEKf7t6DV0H77gnDxozTRc/w504-h640/map%20at%20entrance%20-Constantinidis.JPG" width="504" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /><b><br /></b></span><p></p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-58282705304802350972022-01-27T05:38:00.010-08:002023-07-09T02:50:31.324-07:00Evangelos Papastratos<p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--></h2><h2>
</h2><h2><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Evangelos Papastratos <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ε</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΥΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΠΑΠΑΣΤΡΑΤΟΣ</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></h2>
<h2><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Born 1884<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died 1974</span></h2>
<h2></h2><h2 align="center" style="tab-stops: center 225.65pt; text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsaCthh3ExRltGyX2oFw9TgtaCGIg9eKpC-OV-a2nobkBWMf-h01ITPHCNXegDmyoAC9Gdu_SV1VIZ7iqwQRc-12LH-6PC3ryLru3MRjNelJPLoYsG2xGEFqvdScIlwmpVbwVedrlr4v714Qou2zCw6Bttjxci9Vf6WLWWo9Ep3bh3HoFZib6b88DA=s4608" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="4608" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsaCthh3ExRltGyX2oFw9TgtaCGIg9eKpC-OV-a2nobkBWMf-h01ITPHCNXegDmyoAC9Gdu_SV1VIZ7iqwQRc-12LH-6PC3ryLru3MRjNelJPLoYsG2xGEFqvdScIlwmpVbwVedrlr4v714Qou2zCw6Bttjxci9Vf6WLWWo9Ep3bh3HoFZib6b88DA=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div> Section
14, Number 80</span>
</h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The story of Evangelos Papastratos<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> is </i>a success story on so many levels
and at the same time it illuminates an entire epoch in Greece when tobacco was
king and taxes from tobacco would account for twenty percent or more of government
revenues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the story of a poor lad
who through hard work became a baron of industry, and in that role proved to be
a generous benefactor not only to his own workers but to the country. His gifts
changed the face of his home town and the enlightened practices in his Piraeus factory
set a high bar for other wealthy Greek industrialists to follow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is, in many ways, a very Greek story.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCNzdH3E1Onb_-N84lIgiZRcmhmK9yW_IFRGfEZj4DvguMGz5tAHvKnG-dCVjbJmRX421yABEZL0s2q_xqncaVhc4mNszh0ud9pA5AII5pAuEskYlj3HJYhHOul1_2-dVkfZ_x8EOJWBc9YFAWMpEQALL5ZXwraI1t3Bx6x_A00JJ9taaV8U7GCq1I=s1065" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="924" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCNzdH3E1Onb_-N84lIgiZRcmhmK9yW_IFRGfEZj4DvguMGz5tAHvKnG-dCVjbJmRX421yABEZL0s2q_xqncaVhc4mNszh0ud9pA5AII5pAuEskYlj3HJYhHOul1_2-dVkfZ_x8EOJWBc9YFAWMpEQALL5ZXwraI1t3Bx6x_A00JJ9taaV8U7GCq1I=w348-h400" width="348" /></a></div><br /> <span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It all started in Agrinio, a small agricultural
town on a rocky plateau just north of Lake Trichinida in the hard to pronounce
prefecture of Aitaloarkanania, an area in Greece that tourists tend to pass
through rather than visit. The land in the area had proved to be suitable for
the growing of tobacco, a popular crop at the time and one that required many
hands and hard work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Local farmers preferred
tobacco to olive groves or grape vines because it produced far more income per square
metre than any other crop. Evangelos was the youngest of five children. His
father, Anastasios, ran a grocery store in town. He and his wife Charikleia had
five children, four boys and one girl.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEja0MKK2Hw6fIwHcS7Fz_wxtXL9mtYObr--tcmGFh9fYfLwshGXAQrx9Gzu5dJvobo4OPix7FYL7t8HxYglfi2yTmWNQfN9Eukg_VDWs0GehfipSVLFPlHCykuHFvydRyQ9nqfJtchxnh8kZd39ciE3jRad8NUS59NInarNnTyt25B1XGqB0KDAkXd9=s98" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="98" data-original-width="90" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEja0MKK2Hw6fIwHcS7Fz_wxtXL9mtYObr--tcmGFh9fYfLwshGXAQrx9Gzu5dJvobo4OPix7FYL7t8HxYglfi2yTmWNQfN9Eukg_VDWs0GehfipSVLFPlHCykuHFvydRyQ9nqfJtchxnh8kZd39ciE3jRad8NUS59NInarNnTyt25B1XGqB0KDAkXd9=w368-h400" width="368" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The family home in Agrinio</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When Evangelos was four, his father
died leaving his family in difficult circumstances. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To raise her family his mother turned to grape
cultivation, her own family’s business, and produced quite a local favourite
named <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mrs. Papastratos’ Wine</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She
managed to scrape together enough money to educate her three older sons. The
eldest, Epameinondas, studied at the University of Athens and went on to Lausanne
and Leipzig. He became a mathematician. The next youngest, Giannis, became a
lawyer, and the next, Sotiris, an army officer. That left Evangelos (girls were
not considered university material in those days). Unlike his brothers he did
not wish continue formal schooling but was eager to become a wage earner and help
with the family finances. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In his 1964 autobiography, Evangelos
recalls smoking his first cigarette at the age of eleven in the town’s main
square. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At that time, smoking had none
of the stigma it has today. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether that
first cigarette gave him the idea or it was the simple fact that, in a town
like Agrinio, the only career for a likely lad would have to have been in tobacco,
he decided to begin his career working at the Tobacco firm of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rozis and Varnava.</i> He was twelve years
old...</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Native intelligence and hard work soon
made him a trusted employee. At 17 he changed firms, not because he was unhappy,
but because he wanted to gain wider experience in the business. His plan was to
go into business for himself one day. The problem, of course, was capital. He
needed a wealthy partner. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjqCSGUUkZGzPNwNtFKoHltNCDXSPE9sFnROMsA3t9Lx6lDUFm5HCUrDKp20aWbTxQ4Ztr4NqsmOK-m41FrZImT9WbfQuMscPErJHlYKl0GTR9p1Hxigtnoap2ngCP9a4gCqOBzLg_XMklN5NGw16KPZvePrOP3TGJrekYsLAYRLqYVJhmUxUMdeNbY=s400" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="300" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjqCSGUUkZGzPNwNtFKoHltNCDXSPE9sFnROMsA3t9Lx6lDUFm5HCUrDKp20aWbTxQ4Ztr4NqsmOK-m41FrZImT9WbfQuMscPErJHlYKl0GTR9p1Hxigtnoap2ngCP9a4gCqOBzLg_XMklN5NGw16KPZvePrOP3TGJrekYsLAYRLqYVJhmUxUMdeNbY=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A young man with ideas</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Enter Avgerinos:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sotirios Avgerinos was a wealthy
cheese merchant looking for a good investment opportunity. He was far above
Evangelos’ social class at the time but, with the help of his lawyer brother,
Evangelos managed to wangle an interview. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He convinced him that a substantial investment
of 300,000 drachmas in the new venture would be a good one. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So in 1906, the tobacco firm of Avgerinos and
Papastratos was born. Papastratos was a 22 years old...</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEingKa4xOjaIFM6ACudWq3_gzi24LLuLtotz2s6fdw8P5NTowDsnCkRLfAJgHptB7N5bZym8UlcS9z3ntgK9P02BUIlE82Jr-LmVvUea_e3b-Ex9Cn7aKS90kqVFuI292I1UQYnGUT6oeYE2JaHA-0d176bypjtnr_AKwP0KJs4nkzOrJHqsItR9kYc=s946" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="523" data-original-width="946" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEingKa4xOjaIFM6ACudWq3_gzi24LLuLtotz2s6fdw8P5NTowDsnCkRLfAJgHptB7N5bZym8UlcS9z3ntgK9P02BUIlE82Jr-LmVvUea_e3b-Ex9Cn7aKS90kqVFuI292I1UQYnGUT6oeYE2JaHA-0d176bypjtnr_AKwP0KJs4nkzOrJHqsItR9kYc=w400-h221" width="400" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The first building in Agrinio to bear
the Papastratos name </span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Their company concentrated on
improving the quality of the wide leafed plant that was already the area’s
hallmark and they chose to work directly with the local farmers themselves rather
than their agents in Patras which had been the established custom. They did
well. In 1911 Evangelos travelled to Hannover in Germany which, at the time,
was a large and expanding market. There he struck a deal for Agrinio tobacco
with Thracian born Angelos Konstantinos, already a successful cigarette
manufacturer there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Konstantinos<span style="color: #00b0f0;"> </span>was so happy with its quality that he began to
promote the Agrinio product in Germany and elsewhere. Never one to miss a
business opportunity, Evangelos determined to take French lessons with an eye
on the lucrative market in France. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjL0bLm7kDu-7P0U-0xx-AE0yW56BnTlnVVNO_wCYMo5psoe-mawKoSZtzmIUCxyC_cmCHXy0OnMZMl-fTEZxedd5kJj-GnVX1UU-9i73dT0KR5e7GdcxQsA30XzHZkRYnZHXrC4qw84QhIcB3dCoIzeeO4rU-POK3SCfPro2Jv23aOaq4ebIh0BdUu=s550" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="437" data-original-width="550" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjL0bLm7kDu-7P0U-0xx-AE0yW56BnTlnVVNO_wCYMo5psoe-mawKoSZtzmIUCxyC_cmCHXy0OnMZMl-fTEZxedd5kJj-GnVX1UU-9i73dT0KR5e7GdcxQsA30XzHZkRYnZHXrC4qw84QhIcB3dCoIzeeO4rU-POK3SCfPro2Jv23aOaq4ebIh0BdUu=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Agrinio gold...</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The company did well until the death
of Avgerinos in 1913 caused the company to fold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At that time, it was valued at 150,000
drachmas and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Papastratos, with some cash
in hand, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was ready for his next move:
his own company. </span></p>
<h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Papastratos</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Brothers </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span>Αδελφοί Παπαστράτου Ο.Ε.<i>)</i><span class="mw-headline"></span></h2>
<h2><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This new venture was
a family affair, involving his three brothers, the mathematician, the lawyer
and the soldier. It would prove to be a winning team and an amazing family success
story.</span></h2>
<h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgZEZlpQbeXBblFhOZ85xWSbmefx_dsNOaTGP5aWy1WxpeOxNhA3GPd008vkNpaCtjvyAXTSAwIV1Ads5iLbRrPc6yOznvPVIu0nNNi3ZAPm71Y-ZGwdc1MtJAcRcH7Cq2cyb4cu2TtlaaT8pzixFXF6i4AqVdCUS8OgzgJvmom_R-jkYWKUAvt8Z-w=s480" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="480" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgZEZlpQbeXBblFhOZ85xWSbmefx_dsNOaTGP5aWy1WxpeOxNhA3GPd008vkNpaCtjvyAXTSAwIV1Ads5iLbRrPc6yOznvPVIu0nNNi3ZAPm71Y-ZGwdc1MtJAcRcH7Cq2cyb4cu2TtlaaT8pzixFXF6i4AqVdCUS8OgzgJvmom_R-jkYWKUAvt8Z-w=w640-h480" width="640" /></a></div> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The brothers at the height of
their success</span></i>
</h2><h2><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></h2>
<h2><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The timing helped. By
the advent of the First World War, tobacco, grapes, and figs were Greece’s top
agricultural exports with tobacco at the top of the list. </span></h2>
<h2><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The First World War </span></h2>
<h2><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The war created
problems, but opportunities as well. Thanks to the diplomacy of Prime Minister
Elefterios Venizelos, the Allies agreed that Greek tobacco, grapes and figs could
be exported (even to the enemy!) providing the trading was done through neutral
ports. Holland, a huge trading hub, was neutral during this conflict, and the Papastratos
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>company thrived in spite of the conflict</span></h2>
<h2><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1920 the company would
set up their own offices in Amsterdam, in 1921 in Dresden, and offices in
Austria, Sweden, France, even Iceland, followed. In Greece they would build
warehouses in Piraeus, Volos, Nauplio, Karditsa, Kavala, and Thessaloniki. </span></h2>
<h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIFIlvMhBSjPLaB0XDkJp4CfES_BPZMqhRDdX-APnVnhkncUyz-dT1EhYuYgFeCHkFX2cidUIkzrXOacpzl76796Y9Z5TIKtngR2MZjYnwwdmONMxv0H3H7y7ZyAa0K1bAwTLGm3iOGO6bTSKDUXBfi_8lJ0MtgeR4Pf4uAd0w8_3luJVBZXt4ZNqh=s1920" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIFIlvMhBSjPLaB0XDkJp4CfES_BPZMqhRDdX-APnVnhkncUyz-dT1EhYuYgFeCHkFX2cidUIkzrXOacpzl76796Y9Z5TIKtngR2MZjYnwwdmONMxv0H3H7y7ZyAa0K1bAwTLGm3iOGO6bTSKDUXBfi_8lJ0MtgeR4Pf4uAd0w8_3luJVBZXt4ZNqh=w400-h225" width="400" /></a></div> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Papastratos</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> warehouse in Volos</span>
</h2><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1919 to 1931 </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1919, Greece was riding on a wave
of euphoria. Thanks to the diplomacy of Venizelos, the entire coast of Asia
minor was within their grasp. But not for long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The defeat of the Greek army in Asia Minor in 1922 and the fiery debacle
in Smyrna proved a blow to the company and the nation. Huge quantities of
tobacco in their warehouses went up in smoke as the city burned. But the
resulting influx of Greek refugees during the population exchange which
followed proved to be a boon for the industry. Large numbers of these refugees,
both men and women moved to Thrace, Thessaly, and Aitoloarkanania and found
work in a growing <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tobacco industry, an
industry that was able to expand rapidly <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">because</b>
of this worker windfall. It helped that many refugees were already skilled and familiar
with the crop which had been popular in the Ottoman empire as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2Sr0n5D_q-Fh_3FCDy3GkYJJcbmloUSaqSvwxBwx3h8aPUgN2qgE1rIm8ZDa7tAkQS9SYjYhbjauEYAgUGA5I1LARK1PyFf4XBAlSwhP56Tg8JgCwZIAM0fnh3anVBA75nTlEz0UzEoZYuZlYy0B1_hi_bA50Fpr6CmI3iuzFchVwPdlez0cwRJMO=s640" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="392" data-original-width="640" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2Sr0n5D_q-Fh_3FCDy3GkYJJcbmloUSaqSvwxBwx3h8aPUgN2qgE1rIm8ZDa7tAkQS9SYjYhbjauEYAgUGA5I1LARK1PyFf4XBAlSwhP56Tg8JgCwZIAM0fnh3anVBA75nTlEz0UzEoZYuZlYy0B1_hi_bA50Fpr6CmI3iuzFchVwPdlez0cwRJMO=w400-h245" width="400" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tobacco farming in Agrinio</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Between the years 1921 and 1929, the Bothers
Papastratos annually exported well over 3000 tons of tobacco, roughly ten
percent of the production of the entire country.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Although the firm’s headquarters had moved
to Athens, the brothers never forgot their roots. Agrinio continued to grow because
of tobacco. In the nineteen twenties any bank worth its name had a branch there
and even those banks did not suffice to service the booming agricultural sector
there and elsewhere in Greece. Papastratos was instrumental in the solution,
the founding of a new bank, the Agricultural bank of Greece, a bank which began
in 1929 as</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> a non-profit organisation to provide credit to the
agricultural sector.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Not even the Wall Street Crash could dim their
prospects for long. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The brothers did realize however, that
yet another step was necessary to ensure their prominence in the industry: the
production of the cigarettes themselves. Casting his eyes on likely venues for
a factory, Evangelos decided on the port of Piraeus. A new era was opening up
for the Papastratos brothers and the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Greek consumer.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Piraeus and the Golden Years</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The brothers erected a state of the
art factory which became the envy of the Middle East, the Balkans and Europe. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was built in an astonishing 10 months thanks
to the use of modern methods and reinforced concrete.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhn5OkN9FU2QUNCosOc6Fm2QvvTkKCK8UwfgvlJdiqTaM7eFlcF85U2BxtenLVafGBuximScAGleUEThLXILBx7laWgWvrDP0lF2kmXrhDZxJvwrzotNvpql2kunWAGk_GZ-w5P6nL82TeBM-Eg1zvH8PzDjWF9as1LCPVtEspSxW7rsbTi-huOgOhx=s640" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="448" data-original-width="640" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhn5OkN9FU2QUNCosOc6Fm2QvvTkKCK8UwfgvlJdiqTaM7eFlcF85U2BxtenLVafGBuximScAGleUEThLXILBx7laWgWvrDP0lF2kmXrhDZxJvwrzotNvpql2kunWAGk_GZ-w5P6nL82TeBM-Eg1zvH8PzDjWF9as1LCPVtEspSxW7rsbTi-huOgOhx=w400-h280" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It opened to huge fanfare on May 29, 1931. Prime
Minister Elefterios Venizelos and government officials attended. One spoke at
the inaugural saying,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tobacco is without doubt our national product.
It comprises 60% of our exports; it encompasses 200,000 tobacco farmers and
100,000<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tobacco workers, providing one
fifth of government revenue.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1931, Tobaccos was indeed ‘king’.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJglZauZ3riBX9O6cvZJkDPLYf1rGj1gQio4JKI4nfpaD_9BRhsx4hRqh5h-azfpPOZ8u4rIe6o9RDjJLAIdsyjxfgZskdCzWDf6nCdeNlyHhnr35pwo-Td2DltYE2G8rcLY-6l5VnXans8RhxTBu0nGFQRyPXqaQ9WypDKKkaLdyjVIZVywpMlm96=s640" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="448" data-original-width="640" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJglZauZ3riBX9O6cvZJkDPLYf1rGj1gQio4JKI4nfpaD_9BRhsx4hRqh5h-azfpPOZ8u4rIe6o9RDjJLAIdsyjxfgZskdCzWDf6nCdeNlyHhnr35pwo-Td2DltYE2G8rcLY-6l5VnXans8RhxTBu0nGFQRyPXqaQ9WypDKKkaLdyjVIZVywpMlm96=w640-h448" width="640" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The Piraeus Factory</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The workers at the Piraeus Factory found
themselves in what can only be called a Utopian working environment for the
time. This was all down to the brothers’ insistence on the most up to date
machinery and on treating their employees more like partners than dispensable
workers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Piraeus factory could produce
one and one half million cigarette in a single day.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This distinctive art piece was
designed and executed by sculptor <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2016/11/michael-tombros.html">Michaelis Tombros</a> for the company.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjJdN1adEupvVOnvEtoP7c8Blsq3TIdl8IGScBtSZAAp-DKcnb7Z0MwZcsd4bNKmdW2Fji2UZyUCMLnRL7C_T0sLmIDu6lXk3naJeJIuKbNRd5hG_V3-r_Zyk87xsfdTHh67yr1c0jrXhqj1QdXC4ksRvW8Qefo7Mzm2TRuI0fZeR8e7I8m_QWxQyo=s761" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="504" data-original-width="761" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjJdN1adEupvVOnvEtoP7c8Blsq3TIdl8IGScBtSZAAp-DKcnb7Z0MwZcsd4bNKmdW2Fji2UZyUCMLnRL7C_T0sLmIDu6lXk3naJeJIuKbNRd5hG_V3-r_Zyk87xsfdTHh67yr1c0jrXhqj1QdXC4ksRvW8Qefo7Mzm2TRuI0fZeR8e7I8m_QWxQyo=s320" width="320" /></a></div> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Perhaps he was chosen by Evangelos’ wife
Kaiti Dambergis (</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Αικατερίνη</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Δαμβέργη</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ς</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">)</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> one of the first women to graduate
from the Athens School of Fine Arts.</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The building was impressive for its
facade, its cleanliness, its ventilation and facilities. It offered bathing rooms,
exercise rooms, even a radio room, and a large cafeteria where food was served
for very little money. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The white capped women’s work force
looked more like nurses than factory workers of the day. A job at the
Papastratos factory was highly sought. There was a doctor on site and an area
for the workers’ children to stay. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The factory produced its own packaging
and graphics: </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhsCiMkhiByQPbpWNNPiLPid7L7HVS7TarmV0gcVsPoRW6gpp0xdDGHD75ZEwNe0auhlGa-Pn6M13kMYUY07cTQqaxtl-MKbPwNmbrdc887DNmTeI7CRNUleu2t1lgGovLe0ZzRkscQxIITm_PCI_cxTzxYGHEvVXvYPcIt90j3PmS3zkH_nMa1oXnH=s1484" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1484" data-original-width="1419" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhsCiMkhiByQPbpWNNPiLPid7L7HVS7TarmV0gcVsPoRW6gpp0xdDGHD75ZEwNe0auhlGa-Pn6M13kMYUY07cTQqaxtl-MKbPwNmbrdc887DNmTeI7CRNUleu2t1lgGovLe0ZzRkscQxIITm_PCI_cxTzxYGHEvVXvYPcIt90j3PmS3zkH_nMa1oXnH=w383-h400" width="383" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">One machine for printing text and
lithographs cost a whopping 90,000 English pounds.</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">One fascinating aspect of their
philanthropy was the dowries they provided for their worker’s daughters. There
is a wonderful picture of the four brothers standing in a row in 1938, looking
upon a mass marriage in their factory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Cherakleia, their mother, was present and must have felt immense pride
in her sons’ achievements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhqf-gaB9zNSX6eWqDAX4Nfay5VOrytPmx6T6zGefzY1x2QlwCgzBYXxPfTcXzeP5bpQ7ywmvZS9HCjfeI4ndE9X3LzHo5HUFICmVEesRhgbSyGGEyuTXK1-EyO4UEaLafVKllUddIaFX4MJWbbN28mu3kgAmkGJ_PqPIEzW3ZhNmGDBh6-ihaSdDBA=s640" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="640" height="470" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhqf-gaB9zNSX6eWqDAX4Nfay5VOrytPmx6T6zGefzY1x2QlwCgzBYXxPfTcXzeP5bpQ7ywmvZS9HCjfeI4ndE9X3LzHo5HUFICmVEesRhgbSyGGEyuTXK1-EyO4UEaLafVKllUddIaFX4MJWbbN28mu3kgAmkGJ_PqPIEzW3ZhNmGDBh6-ihaSdDBA=w640-h470" width="640" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A 1939 batch of brides</span></i>
<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1933 the Papastratos brothers built
a cigarette factory in Berlin (using Greek tobacco of course) and one in Cairo
in 1937. The Berlin factory, due to the darkening political situation in
Germany, closed in 1936. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Second World War </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Nazis denuded Greek warehouses of
tobacco just as they grabbed up everything else of value during their
occupation, leaving just a small amount for local consumption. Tobacco
production dropped dramatically during the war years. In Aitoloarkanania alone,
the land in production fell from 85,000 stremma in 1941 to 14,000 stremma <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1/4
acre</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) by 1944. The brothers suffered along
with everyone else, but still managed to provide a soup kitchen for the needy
in Piraeus.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Last 70 Years</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After the war, the company had to face
the fact that tastes had changed in many of their former markets. The new
American blends became popular. There were economic factors too.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Germany, which had been Greece’s largest
foreign market before the war, had ceased buying Greek tobacco because of their
crushed economy and when they did buy, they too preferred new blends. The Cairo
cigarette factory closed in 1957 for similar reasons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While Greeks themselves (who still hold the
record as the biggest smokers in Europe)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>remained loyal to the Papastratos brand, it was clear that the company would
not regain its former glory. In 1975, the company began a co-operation with
Philip Morris and in 2003 that company bought it out while still keeping the
company name in Greece.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Still, the company has had its
moments. A large warehouse was built in the Agrinio area in 1978. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2009 a new factory was built in Aspropygos
near Athens with a capacity of 20 billion cigarettes annually.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEglcF_9ovFyLMfOv-G8sYqa2lix7hA2Cozue3Osjv4WAHE71OQm4kDPDH2eAsWSplIZUgfjPauDG9qwVtgPV45ArbIb0KIqXJ0YXQBQU8K9KY8uakkNcOtUdj51AyV3Aef7oq7dtsIu2hdayajUa5Xr-KS2TXKy7S-DncSKCi4LbIZnLebTR7-5NjMj=s1170" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="1170" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEglcF_9ovFyLMfOv-G8sYqa2lix7hA2Cozue3Osjv4WAHE71OQm4kDPDH2eAsWSplIZUgfjPauDG9qwVtgPV45ArbIb0KIqXJ0YXQBQU8K9KY8uakkNcOtUdj51AyV3Aef7oq7dtsIu2hdayajUa5Xr-KS2TXKy7S-DncSKCi4LbIZnLebTR7-5NjMj=w400-h171" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And a new production plant was officially launched in 2018 at
Aspropyrgos, this time to manufacture Philip Morris’ IQOS (heated </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Evangelos Papastratos, the Benefactor</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Young
people starting in life have to believe in something more than mere economic
success. </span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">From his 1964
autobiography pubished in 1964</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It would take a very long article to
list the gifts of Evangelos Papastratos. He was determined to give back. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He never forgot his home town. In 1928, 60,000
francs was gifted to the University of Paris so that promising students from
Agrinio could have the opportunity to study there. In 1932 the brothers <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>funded a modern elementary school and
gymnasium in Agrinio. Again in 1932 they funded the Papastratos Asklepeion with
60 beds. They bought a huge area of property in Agrinio and gifted it to the
city for a public park.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjUw3ylmr3B4nkbZ8sPmyGl5e5ELHKWPMdvlWgzzNUiltDt7LmjNlIVzHRypy1gbRkM93ZEacFjgc1N3KIqMy-HAlke0_tzzLRbdCFcH3EZhyn6D48f-y6X71tzGptTNIewRqsCawEaPGuyesaKwCoeBi690sh8WRGDZBTyzp8JMs55exUebSZJ4XNS=s320" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="320" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjUw3ylmr3B4nkbZ8sPmyGl5e5ELHKWPMdvlWgzzNUiltDt7LmjNlIVzHRypy1gbRkM93ZEacFjgc1N3KIqMy-HAlke0_tzzLRbdCFcH3EZhyn6D48f-y6X71tzGptTNIewRqsCawEaPGuyesaKwCoeBi690sh8WRGDZBTyzp8JMs55exUebSZJ4XNS=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Papatratos Municipal Park</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A municipal library and archaeological museum
were funded by the company as well.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There is so much more: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>contributions to the Greek air force, for
student residences and so on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One small
act of generosity sticks in my mind and speaks to the quality of the man. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Evangelos <b>Papastratos paid for the funeral of
<a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2021/04/alexandros-papanastasiou.html">Alexandros Papanastasiou,</a> a socialist reformer and former Prime Minister, </b>who
had died while under house arrest by the Metaxas regime. It was an act of
daring as well as one of homage to a great man in troubled times. </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Evangelos
died in 1973 at the age of 89. At the time of his death, his company was still
proudly independent</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Grave </span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgqfkSz1LrdxmAQ3-b50lEcvfz38gToVKB3P6eJxdPlDK_jlBdTT2pxkCSIuaCsLbeNEOSRPQuaWPKSRiRiBzCkcLl6irm0KMvmI0yXI1wVDMj4rGL48DFJpUPHl9qrl9GKgjdafq4M_2njCNt1IUAEbFR0UKI1Cc-hTNEshBq_u6g-1ThwrahVG50M=s343" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="343" data-original-width="313" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgqfkSz1LrdxmAQ3-b50lEcvfz38gToVKB3P6eJxdPlDK_jlBdTT2pxkCSIuaCsLbeNEOSRPQuaWPKSRiRiBzCkcLl6irm0KMvmI0yXI1wVDMj4rGL48DFJpUPHl9qrl9GKgjdafq4M_2njCNt1IUAEbFR0UKI1Cc-hTNEshBq_u6g-1ThwrahVG50M=s320" width="292" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Section
14, Number 80</span></b>
<p></p><p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A Small Footnote to our Research</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There seems
to be no end to Papastratos contributions. Just last year, his grandson,
Dimitris Gkertsos donated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Glory </i>a
wonderful painting by Nikolaos Gyszis to the Greek presidential art collection.
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhVXWPH8KFiYAZD_GYEQ4qEqMnknB19ZUq6bfnGuxi9vHVCTrLd-xUedQMAuOu6mXETb4zmKFJIcoaE_w9w0eIYShcIShrSRzLN5PNfXkW-xrD5ZCT8AzyLIRlVoR5Ku5e4mrSJtfnp97aw1Ug2sIKGpGeRtt5BXtgIZjTED0IqpTK40eOJSn0AOZeZ=s1000" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="700" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhVXWPH8KFiYAZD_GYEQ4qEqMnknB19ZUq6bfnGuxi9vHVCTrLd-xUedQMAuOu6mXETb4zmKFJIcoaE_w9w0eIYShcIShrSRzLN5PNfXkW-xrD5ZCT8AzyLIRlVoR5Ku5e4mrSJtfnp97aw1Ug2sIKGpGeRtt5BXtgIZjTED0IqpTK40eOJSn0AOZeZ=s320" width="224" /></a></div><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Evangelos had bought the painting for his wife.
They gifted it to their daughter on her marriage, and it passed down to her son
Dimitris.</span></i>
<p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Old Cigarette Factories and Warehouses:</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> factories and warehouses were huge and many have
become derelict or worse. That is until someone realized what amazing art
spaces or city spaces these fossils of a past era could make. The Papastratos
site in Piraeus is also undergoing a make over as the ‘Piraeus Port Project’
and will revitalize the area that old residents still refer to as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Papastrateio</i>.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Map</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhe_yRSTs698naqM6yEgeVfeuziXkzSvNDPltsKI6t3dT04DkWMl2YduxVsJmyHrso_Tg9IXnNyf5x11ICPUZbNSD2gEbLv1Sy7M7FhSDodJakm26rW3TS9EkVs5QuM5U8yg3CCwlYqIf1QWBE23tHQXF22Gd8txn2VpEFwgtMlEVGbhULfUrqqgtL1=s2552" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2552" data-original-width="2377" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhe_yRSTs698naqM6yEgeVfeuziXkzSvNDPltsKI6t3dT04DkWMl2YduxVsJmyHrso_Tg9IXnNyf5x11ICPUZbNSD2gEbLv1Sy7M7FhSDodJakm26rW3TS9EkVs5QuM5U8yg3CCwlYqIf1QWBE23tHQXF22Gd8txn2VpEFwgtMlEVGbhULfUrqqgtL1=w596-h640" width="596" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-16982486510144857402021-11-29T03:40:00.015-08:002023-07-09T02:13:03.857-07:00Sophia Vembo, the Victory Singer<p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sophia Vembo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΣΟΦΙΑ</span></b><b><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΒΕΜΠΟ</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Born 1904 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died
1978 </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
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<div align="center"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBpF1X8We_JeahZusfGTFAuT35_AIfiKzd4CfGW2S_cr8ro96HaFzB357ZD9zciro_fHC5vRhtmRp5qu2KPGM3F30UA74OSFtFVSm0T1qwkcy_d6KTNK2j_0u7EdjlG4mtOc7SzrH_aXo/s640/VEMBO+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBpF1X8We_JeahZusfGTFAuT35_AIfiKzd4CfGW2S_cr8ro96HaFzB357ZD9zciro_fHC5vRhtmRp5qu2KPGM3F30UA74OSFtFVSm0T1qwkcy_d6KTNK2j_0u7EdjlG4mtOc7SzrH_aXo/w480-h640/VEMBO+1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Section
4, Number 220</b></span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /></div><div><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There are only a handful of people whose art finds a permanent place in
the hearts of a nation. Sophia Vembo was one of those people.
Her characteristic bass voice became as instantly recognizable as the style of
so many of her songs. When Greece was called upon to defend itself from an
Italian invasion in 1940, she was already a star and just beginning what would
be a life-long collaboration and love affair with lyricist Mimis Traioforos (</span></b><a href="https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%82+%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%8A%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82&spell=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjr3aTRlr30AhVBDOwKHQCUBloQBSgAegQIARA2"><b><i><span color="windowtext" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Μ</span></i></b><b><i><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ιμης</span></i></b><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><b><i><span color="windowtext" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Τ</span></i></b><b><i><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ραϊφόρος</span></i></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Together they created uplifting patriotic
songs like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Children of Greece</i> (1940)
and nostalgic songs like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Athens </i>and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Paris London, Budapest Vienna</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1943) which would tug the heartstrings of Greeks
during the German occupation and long after. Her songs were easy on the ears
and many invited you to either tap your feet or sing along. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everyone did just that for most of the 1940s
and 1950s. Sophia became a national icon during that period. Mimis Traioforos wrote:
</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She sang Greece,
and all of Greece sang along with her.</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Luckily, we still can. Most of her songs can be found on YouTube and the
translations into English of many of the lyrics are available on the internet.
It is worth seeking these out because you really have to listen to her sing in
order to understand her appeal in those traumatic days before, during, and
after the Second World War when she literally became ‘the voice of Greece’.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX4V5EM9TNSeNkLeWTfwRHv4OkfZclJEm7BsUGRrN4frd_RKa6kk1fk8Qx4ImKd4fiR0aPkuUB1L-UA4GXqPhUBPQpyPq7qa8_57-EqVsc1JEvyujnQeBP3YQycMAx0rJMj4-vFmXJfAM/s400/sofia7.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="400" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX4V5EM9TNSeNkLeWTfwRHv4OkfZclJEm7BsUGRrN4frd_RKa6kk1fk8Qx4ImKd4fiR0aPkuUB1L-UA4GXqPhUBPQpyPq7qa8_57-EqVsc1JEvyujnQeBP3YQycMAx0rJMj4-vFmXJfAM/w400-h280/sofia7.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Her Life</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sophia Vembo was born in Gallipoli in eastern
Thrace on February 15, 1904. In 1912, her family moved to Constantinople where her
sister, Aliki, and brothers Andreas and Giorgos were born. After the agreement
to exchange populations between the Greek government and Turkey, the family
moved to Thessaly. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were not well
off. Sophia finished her schooling in Volos and then worked as a cashier to
help the family finances. From a young age, she played the guitar and loved the
music of her era with a special affection for Greek folk songs. Her first professional
appearance was in Thessaloniki where she had gone to join her brothers. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Luckily for her, she had been playing her
guitar and singing on the northbound train and </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">impresario </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Constantinos Tsibas, also a passenger, heard
her voice. He invited her to perform at his club the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Astoria</i> in Thessaloniki. That was the beginning. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1933 she moved to Athens and appeared at the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kentrikon Club</i></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> where, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">dressed as a gypsy, she</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> sang a
tango entitled </span><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Black-eyed
Gypsy </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(</span><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Τσιγγάνα</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Μαυρομάτα</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">)</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwSLUStr3n3JIv8k_3MyTQAJh0artcUz-N40Ca9N_KQxLRW0ULg_ICqtNaXrU6Nxuoz76jHt256ceajyZC8uF72W32eFnI1W1CC5sB5eE5tSj9ayfYvntMU_NQyD-3A5NDrDadLoMFoTs/s1456/Scan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1456" data-original-width="884" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwSLUStr3n3JIv8k_3MyTQAJh0artcUz-N40Ca9N_KQxLRW0ULg_ICqtNaXrU6Nxuoz76jHt256ceajyZC8uF72W32eFnI1W1CC5sB5eE5tSj9ayfYvntMU_NQyD-3A5NDrDadLoMFoTs/s320/Scan.jpg" width="194" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sophia in 1933 at the Kentrikon</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">More work followed.
Her popularity rose quickly and many songs began to be written especially for
her. She was accompanied by her sister Aliki during these performances. In
fact, her siblings were never far from any stage where she performed. The Vembos were a closely knit family and her career was something of a family enterprise.
Her brother Giorgos was her manager and her brother Andreas was involved as
well.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1934, she signed
her first contract with Columbia Records. By 1936, she was travelling to
Thessaloniki, Alexandria, and Bucharest, all cities with a large Greek presence.
Then, in 1937 she played a part in the film <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Refugee</i> <i>(</i></span><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Η</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">προσφυγοπούλα</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">), </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">a melodramatic pot boiler
in which she played a mother singing to<i> </i>save her child from hunger and
who became an immediate success<i>.</i></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTs9602oqtdb1_23pLYZ3MRwnItnPKZuGVng_MYHvPp7WPftepeR_Nw-n66zqZcupxoOdA3SOjhkMUtCNH7uqajJCCM8wRU8g7d_foElctpEo6StxLa49ggQ1eSYRxwvkqA-I1OISozi0/s259/%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%25A0%25CE%25A1%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A6%25CE%25A5%25CE%2593%25CE%259F%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5%25CE%259B%25CE%2591.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTs9602oqtdb1_23pLYZ3MRwnItnPKZuGVng_MYHvPp7WPftepeR_Nw-n66zqZcupxoOdA3SOjhkMUtCNH7uqajJCCM8wRU8g7d_foElctpEo6StxLa49ggQ1eSYRxwvkqA-I1OISozi0/w400-h300/%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%25A0%25CE%25A1%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A6%25CE%25A5%25CE%2593%25CE%259F%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5%25CE%259B%25CE%2591.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Vembo as the refugee mother</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She never did
become a cinema star (she appeared in only two other films) but you get the
feeling watching that early footage that she could have had a film career were
it not that she was already becoming a musical phenomenon. Sophia became so
popular that Columbia offered her 10 percent of the profits from record sales, an
arrangement unheard of in an era when singers were usually paid a flat fee for
their recordings. In 1938 Sophia wore a kerchief on stage for the first time,
an unusual accessory that nonetheless would become her trademark. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirQYoUph7a6iXX6zEfeAlhc4hVCfq8xkIfuTlKgaj5gAJv8IvTlzVmGB9ucPYp5sich-j_HelZCFKfGth-yZzcqaCR2Ct6j7VNd125fW4gSEoxg9U8WPGHBetj9ceSM-9c4PRTKv_3bkU/s230/%25CE%25A3%25CE%259F%25CE%25A6%25CE%2599%25CE%2591+%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%259C%25CE%2595+%25CE%25A4%25CE%25A3%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%2595%25CE%25A1%25CE%2599.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="219" data-original-width="230" height="381" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirQYoUph7a6iXX6zEfeAlhc4hVCfq8xkIfuTlKgaj5gAJv8IvTlzVmGB9ucPYp5sich-j_HelZCFKfGth-yZzcqaCR2Ct6j7VNd125fW4gSEoxg9U8WPGHBetj9ceSM-9c4PRTKv_3bkU/w400-h381/%25CE%25A3%25CE%259F%25CE%25A6%25CE%2599%25CE%2591+%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%259C%25CE%2595+%25CE%25A4%25CE%25A3%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%2595%25CE%25A1%25CE%2599.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Wherever she appeared
people flocked to hear her. Her recordings broke all sales records and her
songs were played constantly on the radio even during the Metaxas dictatorship
when censorship was rigorous. She gained the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">soubriquet</i> ‘the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">people’s songstress’</i>.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Had the <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">war not intervened, that accolade <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>might have sufficed <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for her entire career, but the Italian
invasion of Greece in 1940 and a single song raised her to new heights <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the ‘Singer
of Victory’ (</span></span><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Τραγουδίστρια</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> της <i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Νίκης</span></i>).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;">The Italian Invasion</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When the Italians attacked
on October 28, the country immediately united against the invasion. The theatre
where she was appearing changed its programming to help the war effort. Sophia
who had just begun working with the much younger lyricist Mimis Traioforos,
asked him to create patriotic lyrics to a popular melody by </span><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Michalis</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> Souyioul</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. Their relationship was always a stormy one and, when Sophia made her
request, they had not been on speaking terms. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mimis reportedly riposted with, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">That’s the first time I have seen the gods
asking for help from mortals!</i> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz0zsrUuGdUpONktAcWe8vScrBBNQExK6wenvH0H4k4pqEEHYqmq9ZTE0Udm83Km0VPwABAoWniFT_6qmBCxE797fZ8VYnQwpIyTuVFy5XJnOAAphC3RM_nFQ4TBGZaYs9OSUD5feCH1U/s381/CEB2CEB5CEBCCF80CEBF.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="381" data-original-width="350" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz0zsrUuGdUpONktAcWe8vScrBBNQExK6wenvH0H4k4pqEEHYqmq9ZTE0Udm83Km0VPwABAoWniFT_6qmBCxE797fZ8VYnQwpIyTuVFy5XJnOAAphC3RM_nFQ4TBGZaYs9OSUD5feCH1U/w368-h400/CEB2CEB5CEBCCF80CEBF.jpg" width="368" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sophia and Mimis</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Still, he wrote the
lyrics of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Children of Greece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>Sophia was so pleased with the final
result that she kissed him, and only insisted on one change towards the end of
the song. In an echo of the famous Spartan exhortation, “come back with your
shield or on it”, Mimis had written,</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> If you do not come victorious, do not come at
all.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Sophia thought that too harsh and insisted
he change it to, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">With victory laurels, children,
we are waiting for you.</i></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The song, sung in a
slow tempo,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>begins with these words:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Around the
streets the mothers wander and seek to see their children who had sworn to win when
they'd parted at the station. But, about those who have gone and glory embraces
them, let us be happy, let not one of you ever cry, let her cauterize her very
pain, and let us send this blessing:</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Children,
children of Greece, who are harshly fighting on the mountains,</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Children,
to the sweet Virgin Mary we are all praying for you to come back.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(See <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="https://www.greeksongs-greekmusic.com/sofia-vempo/YouTube">https://www.greeksongs-greekmusic.com/sofia-vempo/YouTube</a>).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Children of Greece</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> became the unofficial
anthem for the soldiers fighting on the Albanian Front and the song by which
she is most remembered. It is still sung on October 28, the day Greece
commemorates the nation’s unequivocal ‘No’ to Mussolini.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mimis, Sophia, and many
others collaborated on satirical songs for the war effort. A typical example is
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Duce puts on his Uniform</i></b> (</span><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Βάζει</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ο</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ντούτσε</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">τη</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">στολή</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">του</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">:</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL;"> </span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDHHrik2rEEFbO42XNBOU2iqx2spRe7XIPrqa_siIbbbpTTSln3pSRrcFMrnRcKbJrqkiYy7GyuIPHJOtQ-mwy9wUmYbJ1k58xYANSRdqrge2tRpV5JFk67kccRNGd1rBhnR72x1Cu1l8/s978/e90798a1ac16ce2284a3e487c370471c--greek-culture-greece.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="978" data-original-width="736" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDHHrik2rEEFbO42XNBOU2iqx2spRe7XIPrqa_siIbbbpTTSln3pSRrcFMrnRcKbJrqkiYy7GyuIPHJOtQ-mwy9wUmYbJ1k58xYANSRdqrge2tRpV5JFk67kccRNGd1rBhnR72x1Cu1l8/w301-h400/e90798a1ac16ce2284a3e487c370471c--greek-culture-greece.jpg" width="301" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /> </i><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Duce
puts on his uniform and his high cap with all the feathers and, one moonlit night
he is going to take Greece. Well, poor devil!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Our Evzone, brave man, he’ll encounter in the mountains and he’ll be a
trouble to master Macaroni!</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">(<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3wsCLJ5ePc"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3wsCLJ5ePc</span></i></a>)<i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">So many came to hear Vembo sing that the theatre sent half of its earnings
to the front. Vembo herself donated 2,000 gold liras to the Greek Navy. Realizing
the psychological importance of her contribution to national morale, the
General Staff of the army ordered her recordings to be sent to all units on the
front lines. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The German Invasion and the Escape to the Middle East</span></b></p>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0cm;"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In April 1941, the
war entered its darkest phase when Germany invaded. The Germans and Italians
were all too aware of her value to the nation’s morale and she was first subjected
to anonymous threats, one being that ‘they’ would smash her face so she could
not appear on stage. <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">She was
interrogated at Gestapo headquarters, imprisoned for a time, and forced to sign
a letter promising that she would not sing patriotic songs. The Italian authorities
even forbade her to sing <i>Athens and Again</i> <i>Athens. </i>This song<i> </i>in
praise of the city and its people was regarded as subversive. In fact, it
probably was, in the context of the occupation:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">My Athens, how to tell you that I love you like my
mother and even much more. <br />
And when I will be tired from the life I would like to be buried in Athens In
your ground ...In your sweet evenings when the silver nets of the moon take
me<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and the violet sunsets which in
another place I haven't seen let never die... All our sweet country in your
hands, my Athens was built. </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(</span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoKKitb40jQ"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoKKitb40jQ</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> ):</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sophia was not allowed to wear her trademark kerchief, her professional
licence was revoked, her recordings destroyed, and her name censored in the
press. She did the only thing left for her to do; she and her family escaped,
finally ending up in Egypt where she resided for the next three years and continued
to help the war effort by giving performances for the troops.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOWAf6Ln5LX4HoQiTSIdw4vpvalZAITWSVeZnw2od2n6SFdcHCtGHNIXEevksh4ivusOAMdKKsi7WH4emNPO9EGCtJIrqaeAQQwZ2Y-asP4f-VQsxiNVEiBaIm7DWOGp38MLHlIYLh0jo/s400/%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A4%25CE%25A1%25CE%2591%25CE%25A4%25CE%2599%25CE%25A9%25CE%25A4%25CE%2595%25CE%25A3+%25CE%259C%25CE%2595%25CE%25A3%25CE%2597+%25CE%2591%25CE%259D%25CE%2591%25CE%25A4%25CE%259F%25CE%259B%25CE%2597.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="191" data-original-width="400" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOWAf6Ln5LX4HoQiTSIdw4vpvalZAITWSVeZnw2od2n6SFdcHCtGHNIXEevksh4ivusOAMdKKsi7WH4emNPO9EGCtJIrqaeAQQwZ2Y-asP4f-VQsxiNVEiBaIm7DWOGp38MLHlIYLh0jo/w640-h306/%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A4%25CE%25A1%25CE%2591%25CE%25A4%25CE%2599%25CE%25A9%25CE%25A4%25CE%2595%25CE%25A3+%25CE%259C%25CE%2595%25CE%25A3%25CE%2597+%25CE%2591%25CE%259D%25CE%2591%25CE%25A4%25CE%259F%25CE%259B%25CE%2597.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sophia with
troops in the Middle East</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4c-U0Frfn8By6C5sKnLXRxS2QcRowjqL8OwAMb3DnM6VThy4SAD0NQaNiETch6S7YWcXpSiGWio2t30M14B0ReMlTViRTeW11Uw49nSZKQxz6c5-Z5r1BEStkiOOs2jh9cXhZb2-mBMg/s640/%25CE%25A4%25CE%25A1%25CE%2591%25CE%2599%25CE%25A6%25CE%259F%25CE%25A1%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3+%25CE%25A3%25CE%259F%25CE%25A6%25CE%2599%25CE%2591+%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%259A%25CE%2591%25CE%2599+%25CE%2597+%25CE%2591%25CE%2594%25CE%2595%25CE%259B%25CE%25A6%25CE%2597+%25CE%25A4%25CE%2597%25CE%25A3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="488" data-original-width="640" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4c-U0Frfn8By6C5sKnLXRxS2QcRowjqL8OwAMb3DnM6VThy4SAD0NQaNiETch6S7YWcXpSiGWio2t30M14B0ReMlTViRTeW11Uw49nSZKQxz6c5-Z5r1BEStkiOOs2jh9cXhZb2-mBMg/w400-h305/%25CE%25A4%25CE%25A1%25CE%2591%25CE%2599%25CE%25A6%25CE%259F%25CE%25A1%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3+%25CE%25A3%25CE%259F%25CE%25A6%25CE%2599%25CE%2591+%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%259A%25CE%2591%25CE%2599+%25CE%2597+%25CE%2591%25CE%2594%25CE%2595%25CE%259B%25CE%25A6%25CE%2597+%25CE%25A4%25CE%2597%25CE%25A3.jpg" width="400" /></a></i></div><i><br /></i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">With her
sister Aliki</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1943, when victory was conceivable, Mimis would write one of her trademark
songs – another paean to Athens along the lines of <i>Athens and Again Athens</i>.
Its title was <i>London, Paris, Vienna</i> and the lyrics can still bring a
lump to the throat:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Wherever I
go, my mind is constantly wandering</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Back to the
alleys of Athens and to its taverns;</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">And every
night, staggering in the dark,</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">My soul is
drunk with jasmine.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">London,
Paris, New York, Budapest, Vienna.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Before Athens, none
of you hold a candle </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Because her aprons
are always full of roses</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> And white lace
wraps around her shores.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Imagine the effect of
these words on war weary soldiers in 1943, so far from</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">home. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mimis reportedly told Sophia, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">This is the song of our lifetime!</i> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It became a symbol
of longing for home for all Greek expats long after the war had ended. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_acNFk_xrNg950IDwx3NPv47Xl2AnqwblV9r4muFaI5x9LflrgAja26pcVQjQ1tz2DzofSQmuw6Rni5ANLF4SsO2Q2ClDcDkH7DNr3a2cuyDkGSu-FLfgDVOxdCdlXOpYVgckRx2XsZI/s320/%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A4%25CE%2595%25CE%25A1+%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%259B%25CE%259F%25CE%259D%25CE%25A4%25CE%25A1%25CE%2591+%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%25A1%25CE%2599%25CE%25A3%25CE%2599+%25CE%259A%25CE%259B%25CE%25A0.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="249" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_acNFk_xrNg950IDwx3NPv47Xl2AnqwblV9r4muFaI5x9LflrgAja26pcVQjQ1tz2DzofSQmuw6Rni5ANLF4SsO2Q2ClDcDkH7DNr3a2cuyDkGSu-FLfgDVOxdCdlXOpYVgckRx2XsZI/w311-h400/%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A4%25CE%2595%25CE%25A1+%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%259B%25CE%259F%25CE%259D%25CE%25A4%25CE%25A1%25CE%2591+%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%25A1%25CE%2599%25CE%25A3%25CE%2599+%25CE%259A%25CE%259B%25CE%25A0.jpg" width="311" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The album
cover</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the War</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sophia returned to Greece
when the war was over but then left for America where, among many other
engagements, she sang to a full house at Carnegie Hall. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her stay in America lasted from 1947 to 1949 therefore
missing the worst of the Greek civil war and the controversies it evoked. She
could have spent the rest of her career singing to <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>welcoming Greek communities abroad but she
longed to return saying, <i>Greece has created me and I want to return to it; I
want to end my career in the place that gave me everything – and more.</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Upon her return, she
founded the successful <i>Bembo Summer Theatre</i> in Metaxougio on June 18,
1950. The theatre still bears her name.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1955, she appeared in
the film<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Stella</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>playing <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maria, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the proprietor of the Paradise Club where
Stella (played by Melina Mercouri) sang. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2GXPhw7wGdl-OJcP08g6BeprrJMip1HwgjlzNgQfED_3or8j4o67p8YjQHc6F5H6tZDK-K6XrwsRADOwPWg1k6GQWNmWS4gnEWABEtediIJO76SfotaCo5-LHB-CD_xjPUmjN4C9H9cQ/s321/%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%259C%25CE%2595%25CE%25A1%25CE%259A%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5%25CE%25A1%25CE%2597+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="157" data-original-width="321" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2GXPhw7wGdl-OJcP08g6BeprrJMip1HwgjlzNgQfED_3or8j4o67p8YjQHc6F5H6tZDK-K6XrwsRADOwPWg1k6GQWNmWS4gnEWABEtediIJO76SfotaCo5-LHB-CD_xjPUmjN4C9H9cQ/w640-h314/%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%259C%25CE%2595%25CE%25A1%25CE%259A%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5%25CE%25A1%25CE%2597+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sophia as
Maria. Of course she sang too.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She would appear in one
other film, a satire, in 1858: <i>Poverty and Aristocracy, Stournaris 288</i>. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Her Private Life </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfsa4HBoRsi6nto78NFM34LTOKljQ3img5EEQfY5yJFwFJfmyotR-2sous7AK_319YOO71r6j9IPJ_Gvxf_zqsDv-ZFi5Ai4VK9JiYimblCN2SllQNtEqnkt93O-zYQ-hJ1n-lO8zTTnY/s290/%25CE%2593%25CE%2591%25CE%259C%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3+%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5+%25CE%25A4%25CE%25A1%25CE%2591%25CE%2599%25CE%25A6%25CE%259F%25CE%25A1%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="174" data-original-width="290" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfsa4HBoRsi6nto78NFM34LTOKljQ3img5EEQfY5yJFwFJfmyotR-2sous7AK_319YOO71r6j9IPJ_Gvxf_zqsDv-ZFi5Ai4VK9JiYimblCN2SllQNtEqnkt93O-zYQ-hJ1n-lO8zTTnY/w400-h240/%25CE%2593%25CE%2591%25CE%259C%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3+%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5+%25CE%25A4%25CE%25A1%25CE%2591%25CE%2599%25CE%25A6%25CE%259F%25CE%25A1%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sophia
would have been in her fifties. </span></i></p>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 0cm;"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0cm;"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1957, she and
Mimis finally married. They had been engaged since 1943. Her family had been
dead against the marriage and not just because he was 12 years younger. (She
was born in 1904 but her official birthday was given as 1910). As a couple they
could not live together without clashes, but were apparently also miserable
apart. Friends would describe how they argued and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mimis
would often leave their flat just after Sophia arrived back from a tour until
she left again. </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Α</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">rtists who worked with them claimed her jealousy was not without cause
and her constant suspicions sometimes made her combative. There was the famous
incident where she struck the actress Speranza Vana in public.... She was a
diva, after all. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">And yet, after
their marriage they adopted Haido, one of the eight children of the caretakers
of their apartment building. Haido had been a tiny bridesmaid at their wedding.
Apparently, this child was a special favourite of Sophia’s mother, Penelope, and
she often spent time in their flat, escaping the poverty and hunger that was
her family’s lot downstairs. Penelope suggested to Sophia that adopting this
young child would save her from a life of poverty and provide company for her
in her old age. Perhaps the trauma of separation from her genetic family along
with becoming a witness to a troubled marriage and the depression and drinking
that sometimes resulted was not the best recipe for the young Haido, but the
adoption was formalized.<span style="color: red;">(1)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sophia and the Junta </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">During her life,
Sophia would face one more dictator, this time a Greek, when the Junta took
over in Greece in 1967. <span style="background: white; color: black;">According to
one of the Kalouta sisters who performed with them at this time at their
theatre, Mimis had written songs satirizing the Junta. The colonels ordered them
to cease and desist but they did not, with the result that the Junta’s Security
Force closed down the Vembo theatre for a time. Sophia was defiant: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I wasn’t afraid of El Duce. I wasn’t afraid
of Hitler. Is it likely that I should be afraid of my own people?</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She apparently marched into the office of the then minister of the
Interior, Stelianos Pattakos, and threw her coat over his head! </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She did eventually participate in some Junta events, singing her famous <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Children of Greece</i> song. Still, Sophia was
always Sophia. On the night of the now infamous polytechnic uprising, she
opened her house to fleeing students and would not turn them over to the police
who knocked on her door, saying to them, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I
would do the same for you.</i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxzM0Wf9XVxGDWnmN3A1e7MXC4rvHTS9tcyIn8p75YKLUQXVSLp6ViNTYfrmWhuW4uQwGEYQ9J8TCHErIMyWVXEAiHIU2ize7u662-Li9cDXmDZNLc-HioZ4pknOFu3prYMyYsOGPuanM/s310/%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F%25CE%259B%25CE%25A5%25CE%25A4%25CE%2595%25CE%25A7%25CE%259D%25CE%2595%25CE%2599%25CE%259F.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="163" data-original-width="310" height="337" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxzM0Wf9XVxGDWnmN3A1e7MXC4rvHTS9tcyIn8p75YKLUQXVSLp6ViNTYfrmWhuW4uQwGEYQ9J8TCHErIMyWVXEAiHIU2ize7u662-Li9cDXmDZNLc-HioZ4pknOFu3prYMyYsOGPuanM/w640-h337/%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F%25CE%259B%25CE%25A5%25CE%25A4%25CE%2595%25CE%25A7%25CE%259D%25CE%2595%25CE%2599%25CE%259F.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sophia watching the Polytechnic debacle from her balcony</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sophia was in her sixties. Tastes had changed and people were listening
to other sorts of music. She was perhaps not ready for new trends.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1970, she had retired.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_sIb-VK0D8UL2AGDt17MLBye_Rms1FUSY3RdjbQVJRVy1EUrGPi0cVNn6tCIRMv0PMAdF2Z6RVq_eAQIM82r5FuJEBqp3R7p3etWHltiLgg31-ZPH7ZseqkZrnUtYH1tj9SkyNTi_pU/s1021/%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F_2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="1021" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_sIb-VK0D8UL2AGDt17MLBye_Rms1FUSY3RdjbQVJRVy1EUrGPi0cVNn6tCIRMv0PMAdF2Z6RVq_eAQIM82r5FuJEBqp3R7p3etWHltiLgg31-ZPH7ZseqkZrnUtYH1tj9SkyNTi_pU/w400-h226/%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F_2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In an interview with Freddy
Germanos a year before she died</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">She died suddenly of a stroke on March 11, 1978. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her funeral was massive; the public still saw
her as a beloved heroine, their Victory Singer. In spite of the fact that many had
criticized her for not taking sides during the Greek civil war, Manos Katrakis a
well known leftist actor was one of those who followed her casket to its last
resting place in the First Cemetery. With her songs and her talent, she had
risen above the deep rifts still existing in Greek political life.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCBb-B2gVe5kmuIqe4xwIpkdNThXnfpPON9_g83mGiK9SATA7TYmVHOIyHjUsJtE7WEEiv2DNqoXiH1w0gcQ-5VQh6ix-gwIZHNzOzJjtycyr-MgT14YeTIkyQLzVxmSCshRIkrhAhm80/s640/%25CE%25A3%25CE%259F%25CE%25A6%25CE%2599%25CE%2591+%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%259A%25CE%2597%25CE%2594%25CE%2595%25CE%2599%25CE%2591.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="640" height="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCBb-B2gVe5kmuIqe4xwIpkdNThXnfpPON9_g83mGiK9SATA7TYmVHOIyHjUsJtE7WEEiv2DNqoXiH1w0gcQ-5VQh6ix-gwIZHNzOzJjtycyr-MgT14YeTIkyQLzVxmSCshRIkrhAhm80/w640-h488/%25CE%25A3%25CE%259F%25CE%25A6%25CE%2599%25CE%2591+%25CE%2592%25CE%2595%25CE%259C%25CE%25A0%25CE%259F+%25CE%259A%25CE%2597%25CE%2594%25CE%2595%25CE%2599%25CE%2591.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">On her grave, Mimis engraved the following: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">My steadfast Sophia, your glory is so great
that it can never rise higher and your soul has risen so high from your body
that you are no longer earth, My Sophia, you are sky. </i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>With such an epitaph, no
wonder she is smiling for eternity:</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOgTRRB8NfbZhUH5NDpmldEUnUuMClpzVRClp941KHlbyN_ismJw7nDxxW08a3eY9TpqrVk5yEj5kX5qCntmXuAtGAkVMEfIwuQ4wXwBr_SZ39LxIO5Apk7cGNOuDTi6o0rLQ8uQ3q82Q/s640/VEMBO+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOgTRRB8NfbZhUH5NDpmldEUnUuMClpzVRClp941KHlbyN_ismJw7nDxxW08a3eY9TpqrVk5yEj5kX5qCntmXuAtGAkVMEfIwuQ4wXwBr_SZ39LxIO5Apk7cGNOuDTi6o0rLQ8uQ3q82Q/w300-h400/VEMBO+1.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Section 4, Number 220</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Map</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJoKXrvQA2ZhANxXyLQRpHMnaMuQ8MRw5ncvh-qKNzihxacGsSEX0bctNeVpAb21EVDSzOWpwnXVov9dMl7JnHV5YbmeT2OTnftHcTrZptTfUSY0LAm8-qYcVKf5zhUJba3ypp1kk26Ig/s2021/map+at+entrance+Bembo.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2021" data-original-width="1589" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJoKXrvQA2ZhANxXyLQRpHMnaMuQ8MRw5ncvh-qKNzihxacGsSEX0bctNeVpAb21EVDSzOWpwnXVov9dMl7JnHV5YbmeT2OTnftHcTrZptTfUSY0LAm8-qYcVKf5zhUJba3ypp1kk26Ig/w504-h640/map+at+entrance+Bembo.JPG" width="504" /></a></span></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /> </span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Haido led a very unhappy life, seemingly
unable to cope. She died an alcoholic at the age of 71. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her body was unclaimed at first but the city
intervened because of her famous step mother and paid for her burial. <span style="background: white;">Haido once said of Bembo: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I did whatever she wanted. She was a very good person, but
authoritarian; but she would give you her underpants if she thought you were
OK.</i> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;"></span></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></p>
<p> </p></div>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-72540047287311918352021-10-12T07:22:00.002-07:002023-07-09T01:28:24.714-07:00Lela Karayanni<p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lela Karayianni<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΛΕΛΑ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΚΑΡΑΓΙΑΝΝΗ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Born 1898<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died September 8, 1944</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEp5FhY8TrRQfIclR8vTH1aS9Tzk1Tl3ziRWU6XZIqf99G44rTTBJ2BmaI9R1SdicKfWjPLDrFsgIP0TdvE0zODjmmlC2rSLCb04PudWklHx_wQ5dtiesBbNYfpfqKCwQVGxbFV8lEWhk/s2048/047+1.461+lela+Karaianni+negotiation+over+tomb+-+Copy.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEp5FhY8TrRQfIclR8vTH1aS9Tzk1Tl3ziRWU6XZIqf99G44rTTBJ2BmaI9R1SdicKfWjPLDrFsgIP0TdvE0zODjmmlC2rSLCb04PudWklHx_wQ5dtiesBbNYfpfqKCwQVGxbFV8lEWhk/w640-h480/047+1.461+lela+Karaianni+negotiation+over+tomb+-+Copy.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Section One, Number 461</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Some stories are so terrible that you
are reluctant to lift the veil of history and look closer. And yet, stories
like this one need to be re-examined, not merely for the heroism they reveal,
but as a reminder that terrible things do happen, and that, even in the worst
of times, one person can make a difference. Lela Karayannis was a housewife and
mother of 7 when the Second World War turned her life upside down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A comfortable lifestyle with her pharmacist
husband in a large house near Plateia Amerikis in Athens ended as, during the
German occupation, she became the head of a resistance group code named <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bouboulina. </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her involvement and that of her husband and
children threatened them all with unspeakable torture at the Gestapo headquarters
in the centre of Athens, incarceration at the notorious Haidari concentration camp,
and it ultimately led to her execution on September 8, 1944, a mere month before
the Germans abandoned Athens in defeat.</span></b></p><b>
</b><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To the Nazis, hers was just one other death
like so many that they had rained down upon a captive population. But for
Greeks, her story is a profile in courage, a courage as great as any warrior’s
from 1821, all the more admirable because her story began, not out of political
conviction, but with a simple act of kindness to a Commonwealth soldier just days
after the Nazis occupied Athens.</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7RkD6yX1PpoBUQ20dshkhyphenhyphenVr3m0b-xanmSACnvI5Z5by8rWouPQuqIF4Cg-Hu4orP-cQ-iUrn9cHyT4VX9mrUfD2I1UhDrt1cSGnma7D1-65M5Z4kRsZRN3Hw21bp6-8GUl1jQ18TNp4/s280/index.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="280" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7RkD6yX1PpoBUQ20dshkhyphenhyphenVr3m0b-xanmSACnvI5Z5by8rWouPQuqIF4Cg-Hu4orP-cQ-iUrn9cHyT4VX9mrUfD2I1UhDrt1cSGnma7D1-65M5Z4kRsZRN3Hw21bp6-8GUl1jQ18TNp4/w400-h257/index.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Her Life until 1941</span></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lela was born in 1898 on the island of Evia to a family that
hailed from Spetses. Before 1941 her life followed the predictable pattern of so
many women of her class: marriage and children. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQJPTWaHZi20x8hY-k3Rzg7ZF5WqYJnCEW3K0qqTtlDYlu_c68SYxW4NjWkEkCqZP4X5QTYvEoFEIeynVQyZSDjC3Lh6E5BDJESSPaKfXuJdDp_7RlNcuXon3OzfQeEw3v3A6gSjMd79E/s299/LELA+in+1916.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="184" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQJPTWaHZi20x8hY-k3Rzg7ZF5WqYJnCEW3K0qqTtlDYlu_c68SYxW4NjWkEkCqZP4X5QTYvEoFEIeynVQyZSDjC3Lh6E5BDJESSPaKfXuJdDp_7RlNcuXon3OzfQeEw3v3A6gSjMd79E/w394-h640/LELA+in+1916.jpg" width="394" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A
smiling teenager in 1916</span></i></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Her
husband Nikos’ pharmacy was located at Patission 16 near busy Omonia Square. The
family lived farther north at number one Limnou Street. It was a good life in
pleasant surroundings. </span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwIfFisYtQhzHxbuUXkJP2loce2lgrk5sKZ8AkN4YPj_JZybWQj11Z1r3tiFnifE8V2Ah1tPkaKa39WXkl8ohY4JaA_tLuVX2onzb_lyY9O-Z4PTON8vi1QA1AU7lsZUn1AsAvKTQ9Y4g/s330/330px-Lela_Karagianni_house.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="247" data-original-width="330" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwIfFisYtQhzHxbuUXkJP2loce2lgrk5sKZ8AkN4YPj_JZybWQj11Z1r3tiFnifE8V2Ah1tPkaKa39WXkl8ohY4JaA_tLuVX2onzb_lyY9O-Z4PTON8vi1QA1AU7lsZUn1AsAvKTQ9Y4g/w400-h300/330px-Lela_Karagianni_house.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Number
one Limnou Street</span></i></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">She
and Nikos would have 7 children: Giorgos, Byron, Ioanna, Nefeli, Electra,
Nelson, and Eleni. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the
Greek-Italian war of 1940-41 which preceded the German invasion, two of her daughters
were old enough to serve as nurses on the battle front. Like so many after the
initial success against the Italians, her family may have hoped that a German
invasion would never come. But, of course, it did.</span></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Commonwealth Soldiers Became Fugitives
in Greece </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When the Germans invaded on April 6,
1941, Greece had already been successfully pushing back Mussolini’s Italian
forces for six months <span style="color: red;">(1)</span>. In February, during
that pushback, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was already looking at
the larger Balkan picture and feared a German invasion of Greece in order to
protect their southern flank and the Romanian oil fields. Unlike many members
of the Greek government and royal court, he realized that the Germans would not
ignore Greece for long. Churchill therefore persuaded Greece to accept an
Allied Expeditionary Force consisting of 58,000 British, Australian and New
Zealand troops, diverted from Egypt, to help hold the Olympus-Vermion line on
the Greek mainland. They arrived that March.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it was too late.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Less than a month after their arrival,
Germany invaded. In short order, both the British and the Greek armies were compelled
to retreat south, pushed back by the German </span><span class="hgkelc"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Blitzkrieg</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. The allied troops must somehow be evacuated
– a huge undertaking. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSg9yoTZmNugx7D4DynAwQXVXeo3BQf8VsnGfQ3cnR8ePsHFJdgraCFq_m732MbXETyD2j_Em53aqvYkaJy53c_e9PwbOpzZRwjhui9WWf_yJRJK43G-L3VqYTxpkoNOkSjHWqz4YcWrE/s711/2191150326181742g.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="537" data-original-width="711" height="485" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSg9yoTZmNugx7D4DynAwQXVXeo3BQf8VsnGfQ3cnR8ePsHFJdgraCFq_m732MbXETyD2j_Em53aqvYkaJy53c_e9PwbOpzZRwjhui9WWf_yJRJK43G-L3VqYTxpkoNOkSjHWqz4YcWrE/w640-h485/2191150326181742g.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Retreating New Zealanders Taking a
Break</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The British did succeed in evacuating
over 50,000 men along with the Greek king and members of Greek government. This
left Greeks with a compliant quisling government under the thumb of Nazi invaders
and thousands of leftover allied troops, hungry, exposed, and hiding out wherever
they could to avoid being captured either by the Italians or the Germans who controlled
the countryside and the cities. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lela’s Act of Kindness</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lela’s involvement in the resistance movement
began with a simple act of kindness. She encountered John Wilson, a wounded
Commonwealth soldier, cowering outside of her house – just one of the many who
had been left behind. Her son Giorgos took him to a First Aid station where a doctor
named Kannelopoulos patched him up. (Kannelopoulos would later join Lela in her
effort to help other soldiers in the same dire situation). These soldiers were
entirely dependent on the good will and efforts of ordinary Greek citizens to
hide them, feed them, and to move them when possible through the islands to the
Middle East which was under Allied control. Many Greek citizens responded and
helped create networks to do just that. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Try to imagine this situation as it
was unfolding. The effort to care for and move these soldiers required complicated
logistics and many, many people whom you simply <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">had</i> to trust knowing that discovery could lead to prison, torture
and death. Lela’s husband’s pharmacy near Omonia Square became a communications
centre for organizing aid to fugitives such as those hidden by monks in a cave
near their monastery in Megara. Lela made many dangerous trips there with
supplies. The head of the Monastery would later say that he had been impressed by
Lela’s absolute belief in final victory even at that early stage of the
occupation. Lela may have been in charge of as many as 150 people in the early
days and her entire family were involved as well.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her son Giorgos was the first to be arrested. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John Wilson had been apprehended while openly walking
about in Athens and, under interrogation, had brought the Karayannis family to
the occupiers’ attention. Giorgos, with sisters Ioanna and Electra , was
arrested for aiding the British. The girls were released because Wilson said he
did not know them and luckily Giorgos managed to escape and flee to Mount
Helicon to join the resistance there.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">None of this deterred Lela. She
continued her rescue work and managed to remain free and active until October
23, 1941. On that day both she and her husband were arrested separately and
sent to the Averoff prison on Alexandras Avenue in Athens. <span style="color: red;">(2)</span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFNlFvcBzxat-sdMP7RDZVbWLJHv0UhJFtHTNo02S2vWcRYcm3Bl-FHAsA8POBxgqghyV19jvKSoTtruGhycKfjNUwP1n4K0zKSWCuXevffdK1J99645wYituQgIVhAo1a6g_rjQ-YMPM/s219/averoff+prisons.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="211" data-original-width="219" height="617" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFNlFvcBzxat-sdMP7RDZVbWLJHv0UhJFtHTNo02S2vWcRYcm3Bl-FHAsA8POBxgqghyV19jvKSoTtruGhycKfjNUwP1n4K0zKSWCuXevffdK1J99645wYituQgIVhAo1a6g_rjQ-YMPM/w640-h617/averoff+prisons.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The prison was built to improve the care
of young offenders. The irony...</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">She used her maiden name so the
connection between the couple was not realized. Nikos was released after two
months but not Lela. She quickly became a leader in the women’s wing of the
prison until her trial. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The man who had
betrayed her in the first place turned out to be the sole witness against her
and he was pressured to say he had been wrong. Her husband had been able to use
influence with three anti-fascist Italian officers and his own network of connections
to secure a good outcome. <span style="color: red;">(3)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After seven months, Lela was freed in April
of 1942. Typically, she did not forget her fellow inmates and continued to send
them supplies of food and medicine. Remember, this was the winter of the great
starvation in Athens.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghenHmElu6Ak2P20H1_92MwDzv7MWhF9R9lo9tJxknUiEgeli4DC6OPZMpBqdxMrhJb1ZVO9-nR6Pfg1OS8OP3ouwmjW9v5IvSvnZq9jhsj9b8LLUjmblqYV8Uj1Ojg81FPcRX5xdSKkI/s1000/interior+of+averoff.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="1000" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghenHmElu6Ak2P20H1_92MwDzv7MWhF9R9lo9tJxknUiEgeli4DC6OPZMpBqdxMrhJb1ZVO9-nR6Pfg1OS8OP3ouwmjW9v5IvSvnZq9jhsj9b8LLUjmblqYV8Uj1Ojg81FPcRX5xdSKkI/w400-h266/interior+of+averoff.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Inside the Averoff prison</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">You might think she would have decided
that enough was enough, but her stint in the Averoff prison merely strengthened
her resolve that more needed to be done beyond helping the Allied soldiers. It
was then that her resistance cell which she code-named <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bouboulina<span style="color: red;"> </span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(4)</span></i>– really got under way - to aid soldiers, yes,
but also to infiltrate the occupiers, report on their movements, and impede
them whenever and wherever possible. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">By the beginning of 1943, the large resistance
operations led by ELAM-ELAS on the left and EDES on the right had also geared
up and they had the advantage of financial support from the Allies. It is
estimated that, besides these two well known groups, approximately 140 smaller
resistance cells like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bouboulina</i> had
sprung up in Greece, groups which basically had to finance and organize themselves.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Co-ordinating activities or even
establishing trust as they interacted must have been an act of great faith
considering the circumstances in the country: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the Greek government was in exile, the
existing Greek state totally compromised. Think of the harrowing moments when
one group worked with another – the fear of betrayal had to be there at every
moment. This was especially true throughout 1943 because the Germans had ramped
up their large network of spies among the Greek population. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Whom to trust?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Bouboulina <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">members
slowly infiltrated German organizations and their military in order to report
on troop movements, future plans, and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>glean whatever information they could pass
along. There was not any right wing or left wing in these endeavours. One of
Lela’s fellow conspirators, Zisimos Patridis, put it this way:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all the
fingers of the hand must be clenched into a mighty fist aimed at the face of
the Germans! </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">One of the groups that Lela worked
with was called Apollona which was also known by the code name <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Byron </i>and together they accomplished
much in terms of intelligence, finding arms for the rebels, and neutralizing
the roaming patrols which were always roving the city ferreting out illegal
radio transmissions.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">During the period from October 1943
until March 1944, the Bouboulina cell did its most important work. It co-operated
with many other organizations including EAM, EDES and British agents such as
Christopher Woodhouse. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Her Second Arrest</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Her second arrest came as a result of
the apprehension of several Apollona members. Her name had been found written in
their files. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Four of her children were
arrested on July 10, 1944 and she was apprehended the next day at the Red Cross
Hospital where she was recovering from an illness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At one point during that dreadful summer, she
was sent for several days to the notorious Gestapo headquarters on Merlin
Street in downtown Athens. Apparently her file would label her as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the biggest spy in the Balkans.</i> No easy
escape or bribery of officials was possible there. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was tortured by razor cuts and other
means.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6feyEiqfYWEDAXxXs_-ZLEaYWXgjpWB5-xEDJQPBS0FInf7ykhmAMybz5EWgnP82JfkiUAiVFhZt_zLnFhRSNtTIbJ0ojqwpZT8JdOX120OJiC2oUHI7Laug_cPtbx5sXE9hjXSV9KjQ/s383/IMG_2441.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="383" data-original-width="233" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6feyEiqfYWEDAXxXs_-ZLEaYWXgjpWB5-xEDJQPBS0FInf7ykhmAMybz5EWgnP82JfkiUAiVFhZt_zLnFhRSNtTIbJ0ojqwpZT8JdOX120OJiC2oUHI7Laug_cPtbx5sXE9hjXSV9KjQ/w244-h400/IMG_2441.jpg" width="244" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A door of the Gestapo headquarters has been
preserved as a memorial in the lobby of Number 6 Merlin Street. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">She revealed nothing and was sent to
spend her final days at the grim prison camp at Haidari which since the fall of
1943 had been run by the German Schutzstaffel.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Haidari had initially been a Greek
army barracks, became a camp for prisoners under the Italians, and a Hell-hole
after the Germans took over from the somewhat more easy going Italians in 1943.
During the year that they operated this camp, nicknamed the ‘Bastille of
Greece’, 21,000 Jews, Italian prisoners of war, and political prisoners, some
from the Metaxas era,<span style="color: red;"> (5) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>passed through its gates. 1800 never
left alive and the Jewish people who did, were sent to certain death in Auschwitz.<span style="color: red;">(6)</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWGqk-Kd2xk-s8WVuE2fWD6Il2VH0OKpImLceex3sZdkMYL0qPIhDLViLesQbqlhdoqSQuBZry7nA_-2bghBBdmc397kF2nmsG1sKW5PaFfxqu5kUeBfY6O3_parKAgd5BEJkoJt45WCY/s982/Chaidari-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="982" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWGqk-Kd2xk-s8WVuE2fWD6Il2VH0OKpImLceex3sZdkMYL0qPIhDLViLesQbqlhdoqSQuBZry7nA_-2bghBBdmc397kF2nmsG1sKW5PaFfxqu5kUeBfY6O3_parKAgd5BEJkoJt45WCY/w400-h271/Chaidari-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: red;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">One block of that horrible <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>prison has been preserved, in memoriam </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="color: red;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Germans knew that they were losing
and that made them desperate and vicious. During that September there were many
executions. On September fifth a 17 year old, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Iro Konstantopoulou,</b> who had been active in the resistance in spite
of her young age, was one of those executed. As she was led out, Lela called to
her: </span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bravo,
my Iro, this is the way Greek women die!</i> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Μπράβο. Ηρώ μου. Έτσι πεθαίνουν οι Ελληνίδες</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Three days later, Lela was taken along
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Daphne monastery. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Some say that before her own execution,
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over captivity during the War of Independence <span style="color: red;">(7)</span>;
others say she faced the Germans singing the Greek national anthem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Given her amazing personality and courage, both
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for her body. She now rests in the First Cemetery of Athens.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lela Karayannis was a remarkable woman.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1947, the Greek Academy awarded her
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Her home has been preserved as a
monument and just this year is to be turned into a refuge for the poorer
children in the neighbourhood, a joint venture of the mayor of Athens<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and the Greek Orthodox Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
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</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Her grave was not always in the First
Cemetery. She was first buried in the Second Cemetery of Athens but, at the insistence
of the women who had been imprisoned with her and survived, her body was
brought here in 1989.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxzCSqzWlYMesZk532YX9rPpT72YfxHOLBUoalK7xlmyCtboPt_Sxi4uECJI3kouGyo3wXuc81alQMPQaB_l4IaZDOjKE1WHgOadTaqHP6SR5S2KWymkxDDI4DsUXgrZSQNVng5NTRywE/s2048/047+1.461+lela+Karaianni+negotiation+over+tomb.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1406" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxzCSqzWlYMesZk532YX9rPpT72YfxHOLBUoalK7xlmyCtboPt_Sxi4uECJI3kouGyo3wXuc81alQMPQaB_l4IaZDOjKE1WHgOadTaqHP6SR5S2KWymkxDDI4DsUXgrZSQNVng5NTRywE/w275-h400/047+1.461+lela+Karaianni+negotiation+over+tomb.JPG" width="275" /></a></b></div><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Section One, Number 461</span></b> <br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΕΠΕΣΕ</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΓΙΑ</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΤΗΝ</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ΠΑΤΡΙΔΑ</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: She died for
her Country</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Map</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLQ4D0i7nBFk8QFzB-Mhlg6k8v5uNyu-sPqhd3hxoRlrOBPG79p6ukv41PhxzyRLAAeu73ElirH7JIi4hi3HDTZklBFN5ycHqrklMklzIjLy_i2NzDhjnQAMyyEejMc43_5hXG7HXOi2M/s2048/map+at+entrance+-+Karayanni.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1927" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLQ4D0i7nBFk8QFzB-Mhlg6k8v5uNyu-sPqhd3hxoRlrOBPG79p6ukv41PhxzyRLAAeu73ElirH7JIi4hi3HDTZklBFN5ycHqrklMklzIjLy_i2NzDhjnQAMyyEejMc43_5hXG7HXOi2M/w602-h640/map+at+entrance+-+Karayanni.JPG" width="602" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(1)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <b>Greco-Italian
War </b>took place between the kingdoms of Italy and Greece from 28 October
1940 to 23 April 1941.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(2) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Greece’s great benefactor, George Averoff <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(see </span><a href="http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2016/09/george-averoff.html"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2016/09/george-averoff.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> on our blog) had donated the prison in an
effort to create a better environment for young offenders. It soon became a
prison for all offenders (Greek political prisoners as well under the Metaxas
regime). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was demolished in 1971 and
replaced by law courts. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(3) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the beginning of the occupation when the
Italians were in control of many aspects of Athenian life, there was a certain
amount<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘wiggle’ room for appeals and
bribes and even appeals to kindness. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(4)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
code name <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bouboulina</i> was an apt
choice<span style="color: red;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Laskarina
"Bouboulina" Pinotsi was born in 1771, the widow of a Spetse sea
captain and trader whose business she took over. She fought heroically during
the Greek War of Independence and was named an admiral in the Russian navy.</span><b>
</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Lela’s family were descendants. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(5)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I was astounded to find that political
prisoners from the Metaxas era who were in jail when the Germans invaded, were
simply handed over to the occupiers. I had never considered the plight of
prisoners in a situation like this. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(6) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Of the well over 70,000 Greek Jews, over
59,000 perished in the German death camps.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(7) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">See </span><a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2020/05/kitsos-tzavellas.html"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2020/05/kitsos-tzavellas.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for
the story of the women of Zalongo who preferred death to capture by the Turks. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Two Important Sources</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.drgeorgepc.com/LelaCarayannisGrandmotherTribute.pdf"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://www.drgeorgepc.com/LelaCarayannisGrandmotherTribute.pdf</span></a><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2. </span><a href="https://dikaiopolisproject.wordpress.com/2012/09/13/%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%BF-%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF-%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://dikaiopolisproject.wordpress.com/2012/09/13/%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7-%CF%84%CE%BF-%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF-%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7/</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Georgios Gennadius</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΓΕΝΝΑΔΙΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Born 1784<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died 1854</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2Xkzv7z4pLtR9CWYAHK4myK57YB5UNKEqHY4I-Igu2Yy9TiXyIi7saEBDSSvGLUrBkyXl-1BVEjLRv8B3GU5U42vo_TJM81TZ-yPwrXisYM5Tu0OY8NLv4ETxUaAqvQyyMUlzqeA0uPo/s1600/57c8c903-7669-403b-ba7f-e8597b2c297d.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2Xkzv7z4pLtR9CWYAHK4myK57YB5UNKEqHY4I-Igu2Yy9TiXyIi7saEBDSSvGLUrBkyXl-1BVEjLRv8B3GU5U42vo_TJM81TZ-yPwrXisYM5Tu0OY8NLv4ETxUaAqvQyyMUlzqeA0uPo/w480-h640/57c8c903-7669-403b-ba7f-e8597b2c297d.jpg" width="480" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Section Four, Number 584A</span></b>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
name Gennadius is familiar to most Athenians today because of the imposing
Gennadius Library, a part of the American School of Classical Studies in
downtown Athens. If you have never visited the Gennadius, you should. It is a
treasure house of early books on Greece and the repository of the papers of
many distinguished people including archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann and poet
George Seferis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What you may not know is
that when it was founded by collector John Gennadius in 1926, he named it in
honour of his father whose grave is tucked away in Section Four inside the
original entrance to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">First Cemetery</i>.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Georgios Gennadius:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> teacher, </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">member of the Filiki Etairia, and </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">fighter during the Greek war of Independence was instrumental in founding
many of the first educational institutions of modern Greece. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His story brings together many familiar
strands of Greece’s modern history: the influence of the Enlightenment, the
importance of family connections in almost every individual endeavour, and the contribution
of Greek merchant families who financed Greek schools in the Ottoman sphere and
then, when freedom came, arrived in Greece to build not just the capital city
but <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the educational system which would
be instrumental in forming the national identity of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the citizens in the fledgling state. </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzF50ZoQstPQHnEEZiwysozfdjW9tjUuZpxmGqE656E6uA2BCufyAqJ5zfnpHmC-OY69joM2ijUxRzfOlPQM9EFeexe5950WtqjEwBJmX_4Pn9NQM_9t7V7pYmJcqgRUR_71em0Wi8rRM/s2000/portrait+in+national+gallery.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1646" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzF50ZoQstPQHnEEZiwysozfdjW9tjUuZpxmGqE656E6uA2BCufyAqJ5zfnpHmC-OY69joM2ijUxRzfOlPQM9EFeexe5950WtqjEwBJmX_4Pn9NQM_9t7V7pYmJcqgRUR_71em0Wi8rRM/w329-h400/portrait+in+national+gallery.jpg" width="329" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His
portrait in the National Gallery of Greece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(19<sup>th</sup> century portraits never seem to capture the dynamism or
life force of their subjects.) </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Georgios Gennadius was born in 1784 in Selymbria, a town 67 kms west of
Constantinople on the Sea of Marmara. His father was a priest and, when he died
three years later, George’s mother returned with her son to Doliana and the
embrace of relatives who could help. In the village of Doliana, he first
attended school. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAgRQtLMbp6XOETM9Kbq8dHxcLHs77ityacWyigYkX2B7eEjO2jiY-qsvLOgWkRlzj6UUF_wPFW0IWp_6Wae7asOlEHCmwfoc-0B6qXT_dDvehBUKU0_3RobAVIFdZ8cTxQClynv6i6Q4/s337/Doliana.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="337" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAgRQtLMbp6XOETM9Kbq8dHxcLHs77ityacWyigYkX2B7eEjO2jiY-qsvLOgWkRlzj6UUF_wPFW0IWp_6Wae7asOlEHCmwfoc-0B6qXT_dDvehBUKU0_3RobAVIFdZ8cTxQClynv6i6Q4/w400-h178/Doliana.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A small
village today but many villages in Epirus were well off during the Ottoman
period because they owned pack animals (camels, mules and donkeys) and controlled
the area’s trade routes running east towards Constantinople and west to Italy.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His family then sent him to study in Ioannina 40 kilometres to the south.
This was during the period that Ioannina was under the control of the notorious
Ali Pasha. Ali had a complicated relationship with the ethnic Greeks in Epirus
but tolerated Greek schools in the city <span style="color: red;">(1)</span>. Georgios
went on to study in Bucharest in today’s Romania; it was then the Ottoman Principality
of Wallachia. There he studied at the </span><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Princely Academy</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, an institution
that had been founded in 1679 and in which lessons were taught to the entire
Orthodox community in the Greek language.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1804 he went on to university in Leipzig in Germany to study
philology. In 1814, at the age of 30, he returned to Bucharest.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS_8kae2-ZlEq7yIqduopOYwjJt9JID9PWvWvkBMWqwhA6wMvNF4vjJ7cet8YwsSqRZQM0AGTQgMbB2H4R1NQhGJTzgsLjDfpQDVUxbQTCY9bPndmMpUx6xfieRq6ZdpJgPyojjqoNHaM/s1050/liepzig.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="1050" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS_8kae2-ZlEq7yIqduopOYwjJt9JID9PWvWvkBMWqwhA6wMvNF4vjJ7cet8YwsSqRZQM0AGTQgMbB2H4R1NQhGJTzgsLjDfpQDVUxbQTCY9bPndmMpUx6xfieRq6ZdpJgPyojjqoNHaM/w400-h309/liepzig.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dress for
Greek merchants in Leipzig as depicted in this drawing in 1800. This was not
quite what I expected. Suits became the norm much later.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The opportunity for Greeks to study at such institutions of learning
while still under the Ottoman thumb requires a small aside.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Millet
System</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Ottomans had initiated the millet system as a means of controlling and ruling
their religious minorities. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjvHjqooeQLCVxBOeMZcq-ZKZGgaLpTPFEjcDVlK0XdTn18pkiVC5vLT3dZnPV3UXtdumIM_QjTg9O3r2MCYBAt-n5fcNv_iO3i5qlndzcxxgLL_SXUayHparfJ40LIIp3ulr4Lns2OuA/s280/280px-OttomanMillets.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="280" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjvHjqooeQLCVxBOeMZcq-ZKZGgaLpTPFEjcDVlK0XdTn18pkiVC5vLT3dZnPV3UXtdumIM_QjTg9O3r2MCYBAt-n5fcNv_iO3i5qlndzcxxgLL_SXUayHparfJ40LIIp3ulr4Lns2OuA/w400-h286/280px-OttomanMillets.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the case of the Orthodox community, the Orthodox Church under the
Patriarch in Constantinople was put in charge of the “Rum” (Roman) millet:
collecting taxes, controlling his own people, and offering whatever educational
opportunities a subject people were able to put in place. In early days schooling,
especially in what would eventually become Greece in 1830, was a rudimentary
affair usually entailing a village priest holding classes for children aged 6
to 9 and teaching the rudiments of writing, arithmetic and religion. There was
no money for separate school buildings, so these lessons, if held at all, took
place in the church itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, in the
late 1600s, when Greeks began to take over larger parts of both the Ottoman
government machine as well as their trade, a wealthy Greek merchant class emerged
in the large commercial centres of the empire. In the Ottoman provinces of
Moldavia and Wallachia, ethnic Greeks were often chosen as governors or
‘Princes’, - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>still subject to the Porte
in Constantinople but well placed to help their own communities if they managed
to avoid incurring the wrath of the Sultan.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Higher Education and Family Ties</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As the wealth of this merchant elite increased, so did educational opportunities.
They wanted the best for their children and were prepared to pay for it by
funding school buildings, high schools, and the procurement teachers. The earliest
of these merchant families were Phanariots from the Phanar district of
Constantinople; later, many were Epirots who had first thrived at home under the
Ottoman rule in their own area and then in Ottoman controlled Egypt. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even later they would be joined by sea faring
families from the Aegean islands. In an era of large families, networks of
family run businesses were soon spreading their commercial reach well beyond
the Ottoman sphere into Russia, and places like Livorno, London and Vienna
which was to become a centre for the publication of books and articles in the
Greek language.<span style="color: red;">(2) </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The importance of family ties to the advancement of promising young men
during the Ottoman era cannot be overstated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Not only was his family instrumental in funding his education, but, in
George’s case, Bucharest itself <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was
likely chosen because his uncle was the abbot of a monastery there. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As the scions of merchant families went beyond the secondary studies, they
went to European universities where they were exposed to events in Europe and
ideas embodied in the Enlightenment, ideas which also included revolutionary
ideas of national statehood. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Greek merchant families went from strength to strength. In the years preceding
1821, the Sultan had found it increasingly important to treat with European
powers. The usefulness of this educated and Europeanized class of Greeks, so
many of whom resided within his Empire but who had family members living in
Europe, became vital because they proved to be better intermediaries with European
leaders than their Ottoman overlords. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A graph showing the downward descent of the Ottoman Empire could easily
be set against one showing a corresponding ascent of members of the educated Greek
merchant community. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Of course, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">raison d’etre </i>of
Greek schools in Ottoman territory and elsewhere was not revolution, but their existence
and the world that they opened up for their students was one of the key factors
in the process that would lead to the Greek War of Independence.<span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Our Teacher
Becomes a Revolutionary</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1815 saw Georgios as an assistant to famous educator </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neophytos_Doukas" title="Neophytos Doukas"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Neophytos Doukas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
<span style="color: red;">(3)</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, at the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princely_Academy_of_Bucharest" title="University of Leipzig"><span color="windowtext" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Princely Academy of Bucharest</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. Then, in 1817 the
Greek community of Russian Odessa invited him to help in the founding of a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greek School of Commerce</b> in the
thriving city<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">. </i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiouXM2L_kcEEpzT_-i05magrEMXAvPzallglPKODKPb96TPJYLFVaI3McRG5rKNuvEJll5JvYG5_KZ0A9de5mZELX4LcGKmYkJlPiV2Z1-RdYnRkI1Z0jhsB0z7CXexF_IxglYpYihs5o/s350/Commercial+School+in+Odessa.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="241" data-original-width="350" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiouXM2L_kcEEpzT_-i05magrEMXAvPzallglPKODKPb96TPJYLFVaI3McRG5rKNuvEJll5JvYG5_KZ0A9de5mZELX4LcGKmYkJlPiV2Z1-RdYnRkI1Z0jhsB0z7CXexF_IxglYpYihs5o/w400-h275/Commercial+School+in+Odessa.jpg" width="400" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /> </i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">By 1814,
schools teaching in the Greek language had become large and very imposing</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The invitation had come personally from Greek Corfiote Ioannis Capodistrias
who was at the time foreign minister to the Russian Tsar Alexander 1. </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ethnic Greeks had become welcome settlers in
Russian territory and this school soon became one of the best in the city. While
in Odessa, Georgios came into close contact with Capodistrias who would become the
first governor of the modern Greek state. This connection would determine much
of his future career although he may not have realized it at the time.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaP7zIR-tDnqSdH8xGEdwgMRNsxcnZis0WvlTnACYyjii5MMiZrkyKWlsTD6ZgQiv7w4u6VPhofUq5BDDsDFqq-_hrPVJQvWltBvSSAwf_PFu1yfB-QGOTroNOrJJiSNCy_1yDcfLOFO0/s831/355464aad362ed7ed450396cde36c725+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="661" data-original-width="831" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaP7zIR-tDnqSdH8xGEdwgMRNsxcnZis0WvlTnACYyjii5MMiZrkyKWlsTD6ZgQiv7w4u6VPhofUq5BDDsDFqq-_hrPVJQvWltBvSSAwf_PFu1yfB-QGOTroNOrJJiSNCy_1yDcfLOFO0/w400-h319/355464aad362ed7ed450396cde36c725+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In an era
before steam and railways, it is amazing how well travelled men of Gennadius’
class were. Getting from Ioannina to Bucharest would have been an adventure all
by itself, not to mention getting to Leipzig or Odessa.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To what extent Georgios became involved with The Filiki Etairia <span style="color: red;">(4) </span>in that city of increasingly revolutionary ferment
is not clear but he certainly would have been aware of the winds of change. In
1819, at the invitation of Greek Prince Alexandros Soutsos who was then the
designated Prince of Wallachia, he returned to Bucharest to teach at the Academy.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">While in Bucharest he did become a member of the Filiki Etairia </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">- just in time for the disastrous defeat of
the Greeks’ first incursion into Ottoman territory in 1821. He was forced to
flee and ended up in Dresden where he began to study yet another discipline, -
theology, a study he believed would help prepare him for his future role as an
educator in a free Greece. Theology might seem like a strange discipline to our
modern concept of education, but this was an age of faith and The Orthodox
church had, in any case, been intimately involved in the education Georgios had
received in Doliana, Ioannina, and Bucharest. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had come to believe that introducing a
strong moral element to education would be as vital as reading, writing, and
arithmetic in moulding Greek citizens out of the unpromising clay created by 400
years of neglect and servitude under the Ottomans, the Franks before them, and
even under the Byzantine government before that. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1n 1826 he returned to Nauplio to take part in the last 4 years of the
struggle for Greek independence</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> His role was less
as a fighter, although he did see action, but more as a mediator and unifier
among the many factions in Nauplio which had emerged and whose squabbling was so
debilitating to the struggle. During that period, his speeches to various disgruntled
factions smoothed many a ruffled feather. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimf1zKQGXycpSHvOZbVwRz8lAp5brigI-XUgZDcNIV6Hovzy-UpACQYM0n95z-eLV7fL06GQwD19x9smpet6_njtbAVrwjQnhsmBiocqlchSez4y47XvpS9vy_FdyV9NnZA4MqRsg4O9s/s700/Nauplio+in+1825.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="549" data-original-width="700" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimf1zKQGXycpSHvOZbVwRz8lAp5brigI-XUgZDcNIV6Hovzy-UpACQYM0n95z-eLV7fL06GQwD19x9smpet6_njtbAVrwjQnhsmBiocqlchSez4y47XvpS9vy_FdyV9NnZA4MqRsg4O9s/w400-h314/Nauplio+in+1825.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Nauplio in
1825 – a far cry from Leipzig, Bucharest, or Odessa</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The New
State and Early Education within its Boundaries </span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Below the line drawn by the European powers between Volos to the Gulf of
Preveza, education had not progressed as it had in the large Greek speaking
mercantile centres of the Ottoman Empire. It is an irony of the revolution that
not one of the Greek schools that had contributed so much to the desire for a Greek
state was within its new borders. In fact, most people who identified as Greeks
did not live within the borders of the new country at all. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1830 Greece had a population of one point
eight million, 98 percent of whom lived in the countryside. If questioned about
their loyalties most might have cited family, their own local community, and
Orthodoxy. The majority had yet to see themselves as part of the broader Greek
nation. This imprinting of a national identity was vital to the survival of the
country as a unified entity. Kapodistria <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and his appointed educators were faced with something
of a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tabula rasa</i> (at least from their
point of view; many locals resented this assessment) on which to work and none were in
doubt as to the importance of education in accomplishing their goals. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As early as 1822, the First Greek National Assembly had advocated free
elementary education for all citizens, girls as well as boys, and the establishment
of middle and high schools in all parts of the country. This was very modern
thinking for the times. And, unlike the situation under the Ottomans where the
Church had been in charge of education, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the
new system was to be created and monitored by a government ministry.</b> The Church
was not ignored, of course, but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">incorporated</i>
into a centrally controlled educational system which would design text books
and curricula to meet the needs of the nation.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1828 Kapodistria arrived in Aigina, Greece’s first functioning capital.
He immediately appointed Georgios Gennadius together with Georgios Konstantas
and Ioannis Benthylos to compile an official grammar of the Greek language. The
Greek language itself was a thorny issue, one that needed ironing out. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Katharevousa, the ‘pure’ version of Greek, won
out over both the everyday spoken language (demotic) and ancient Greek which
had also been favoured by many. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In Aigina, Georgios aided in the founding of an orphanage to accommodate
the children whose families had died in the struggle and, in 1829, he became
the principal of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Central School of Aegina </b></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(Κεντρικ</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ή</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Σχολή</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">της</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Αίγινα</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His stated goal was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">to create the new generation of
free Hellenic citizens.</i></b> (</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Να</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">πλάσωμεν</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">άλλην</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">γενεάν</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ελεθερων</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ελλήνων</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Πολιτών</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">).</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
The Central school (also called the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Eynard
</i>after the Swiss banker and Philhellene who financed it) was designed by
architects Stamatis Kleanthis and Eduard Schaubert and was the first
neoclassical building ever to be built in the modern state.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWl2KCyKCQAZqmh5YqXxbz2rzvOoECKGAUFz5Ji_NYJQkgRRKsEZiZIwNMmbbImYsZyIoKziX6GZ99JyAdZtsC-Mg71HEeyDVvLpQMIyIJa_UyxlL3C1laPPd9q192Aok5JElhnWoB8Yo/s300/Eynards+School+in+Aigina.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWl2KCyKCQAZqmh5YqXxbz2rzvOoECKGAUFz5Ji_NYJQkgRRKsEZiZIwNMmbbImYsZyIoKziX6GZ99JyAdZtsC-Mg71HEeyDVvLpQMIyIJa_UyxlL3C1laPPd9q192Aok5JElhnWoB8Yo/w400-h224/Eynards+School+in+Aigina.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Central
or Eynard School </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Central School was transferred to the new capital Athens in 1834 and
is still going strong today. <span style="color: red;">(5)</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Georgios remained its principal until his
death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1832, he was also appointed
first director of the National Library of Greece. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The founding of a National Library was an
important step. Its stated aim, along with housing all manner of intellectual
production, was </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">locate,
collect, organize, describe and preserve the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">perpetual evidence of Greek culture</b> and its uptake over time</i>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He also founded the
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Society of the Friends of Education</i>
(Φιλεκπαιδευτική Εταιρεία, ") and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>taught at<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Athens’ Arsakeion School </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">and at the University of Athens. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Among his students was Constantinos Paparrigopoulos </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(6)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> the man whose histories would </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">set forth
the concept of a continuous and uninterrupted history of the Greek nation from
ancient to Byzantine, and on to contemporary times. His history was taught in
Greek schools as early as the 1850s and did much to create a unifying context
for Greek identity separate from the broad definition of Orthodoxy under the
Ottomans (while still encompassing it) but one separate from other national
entities that were emerging in the Balkan states at the same time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="color: red;">(7)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Georgios was one of the founders of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Archaeological Society of Athens</b> in 1837. Uncovering ancient Greece
was of tantamount importance to the uncovering the nation’s past. A numismatic
collection which is now housed in the </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">mansion of
archaeologist Heinrich Schleimann in central Athens was also his initiative and
he had a hand in the founding of the Rizarios School in the capital. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Gennadius took part in the initiation of so
many institutions of learning in the 1830s and 40s that he is widely perceived as
the teacher of an entire generation. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fully involved
until the end, he was the leader of the movement to free Epirus from Ottoman
control when he died of cholera in 1854.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Character
and Personal Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Georgios Gennadius was a unifier at a time when such men were sorely
needed. As principal of the Central School (then called the Royal School in
honour of the king) he received <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2016/09/theodoros-kolokotronis.html">Theodoros Kolokotronis</a>, the great hero of the
revolution and a man deeply distrusted by the government at the time. He addressed
the entire high school on the fabled Hill of the Pnyx on </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Oct 8, 1838 and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>stressed </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the historical
continuity of the Greek nation and the importance of an education, - both ideas
dear to Gennadius’ heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Gennadius’ wife was Artemida, a member of the well known Benizelos family
of Athens which, during the Ottoman period, had produced leaders appointed to
deal with their overlords on behalf of the Greek population of the city. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By Athenian standards, they were wealthy. The
Benizelos home on Adrianou Street in the Plaka, the only example of a Greek
home built during the Ottoman period, has been renovated recently and is now
open to the public.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnHtC7jlSVP2p0KSBn8ucoDxShMBnBw-tkXLrbrI-hZY2rY0NOLLrdO-FR92cWNcna2no6KgQxaeg8l21YDHN3WvBAxtqBwMXA93BJ9mB3edyzr4qCojj8ek_b2fDVNqNe3iAwTYoFjA8/s299/indexbfq.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="299" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnHtC7jlSVP2p0KSBn8ucoDxShMBnBw-tkXLrbrI-hZY2rY0NOLLrdO-FR92cWNcna2no6KgQxaeg8l21YDHN3WvBAxtqBwMXA93BJ9mB3edyzr4qCojj8ek_b2fDVNqNe3iAwTYoFjA8/w640-h360/indexbfq.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Benizelos house today</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Artemida and Georgios had eight children, four boys and four girls and
they were very well educated indeed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
daughter, Kleoniki, would become a sculptress of note.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG3O08v3Ry2ya6vGyabBwpn2M5VTaaHRsNt4-zmQKM75ltRRflSxDXN5PtUrhYDw3PmRnac8g84KbbzvNfaw8NQ-qyINxh-ewT_a3Pb0vEiXQZGMgQbBfgL093zmN90MFykd8Hf2qlzI4/s253/keoniki.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="253" data-original-width="199" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG3O08v3Ry2ya6vGyabBwpn2M5VTaaHRsNt4-zmQKM75ltRRflSxDXN5PtUrhYDw3PmRnac8g84KbbzvNfaw8NQ-qyINxh-ewT_a3Pb0vEiXQZGMgQbBfgL093zmN90MFykd8Hf2qlzI4/w315-h400/keoniki.jpg" width="315" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kleoniki in
a very modern looking portrait by Ludwig Thiersh</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another sister was also an
artist. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their son Panayiotis studied in
America becoming an agriculturist and teacher, another, Anastasios, became a
teacher at the university and editor of the Newspaper <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Athena</i>. And then, there was Ioannis, who has become the best known Gennadius
of all. </span></p>
<h2><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></h2>
<h2><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">John Gennadius (1844-1932)</span></h2>
<p class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ioannis was born in 1844 in Athens
and became a diplomat, man of letters, and bibliophile. He spent a great deal of
his life in England, married an English woman, and is buried there. Over his
lifetime, he accumulated a library of over 26,000<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>books. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLh_U9xhHLsvJXyww7OGPzQz48gsaJ9nlWNQoA6T4Q7Kw8R1P05Js3XSTNDYnO8bJ3Ey4zbvbz2MyngqvLK_hSJwSCesu6GJmfoIZp0GoX64-C6gRigxUAgTMj5FOFhM6bxjw1HHNirV8/s1176/ex-libris_jg-002.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1176" data-original-width="969" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLh_U9xhHLsvJXyww7OGPzQz48gsaJ9nlWNQoA6T4Q7Kw8R1P05Js3XSTNDYnO8bJ3Ey4zbvbz2MyngqvLK_hSJwSCesu6GJmfoIZp0GoX64-C6gRigxUAgTMj5FOFhM6bxjw1HHNirV8/w330-h400/ex-libris_jg-002.jpg" width="330" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ioannis at home</span></i></p>
<p class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">After searching for a worthy
recipient for his collection and one able to finance a building to hold it, he
settled on the American School of Classical Studies in Athens in 1922. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG4GL3WwLnmkyUK7jnjBNK3PgDNB_6CCamu1mR9tFadi6-ZthkQ8LyX0HNB2EaZ1V6iSP28sz5ka1U3ptKo7lUrS4lyTyiFQwr5DgegP_yzYrWtRmSlPgiQs9Wc-tWgx0IiSiU0ugBJnk/s275/Gen+lib.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG4GL3WwLnmkyUK7jnjBNK3PgDNB_6CCamu1mR9tFadi6-ZthkQ8LyX0HNB2EaZ1V6iSP28sz5ka1U3ptKo7lUrS4lyTyiFQwr5DgegP_yzYrWtRmSlPgiQs9Wc-tWgx0IiSiU0ugBJnk/w400-h266/Gen+lib.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
Gennadius</span></p>
<p class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Gennadius Library, dedicated
to his father, was inaugurated in 1926 and was the last public neoclassical
building to be built in Athens. Compare it to this:</span></p>
<p align="center" class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrJdlFz-5zTUxPHSOItlzq-NI4IL3qBUEAf8WRI3QZhQ9Ftv9PN7KwHn9v09JSjivdLkMSd-a1115ZSABcCeKPBAOz22JQu9qdv_fEfuejO-XueS19pIwRzUhbulAnmWhk4nucLnoRUnk/s300/Eynards+School+in+Aigina.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrJdlFz-5zTUxPHSOItlzq-NI4IL3qBUEAf8WRI3QZhQ9Ftv9PN7KwHn9v09JSjivdLkMSd-a1115ZSABcCeKPBAOz22JQu9qdv_fEfuejO-XueS19pIwRzUhbulAnmWhk4nucLnoRUnk/w400-h224/Eynards+School+in+Aigina.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
Eynard, 1830</span></p>
<p class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It is strikingly similar to his
father’s school on Aigina, something which seems to me to be very fitting. The
father taught in the first neoclassical building to be built in Greece and his
son’s library is housed in the last, each building a lasting <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>monument to their storied lives. </span></p>
<p class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Although Ioannis is buried in
England, the bottom tier of his grave marker reads: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Son of Georgios Gennadius, the Greek Patriot.</i></span></p>
<p class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Family...</span></p>
<p class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnwrveMpB0llc-BklsYwCxpn8Rv5ljc4mAMg6q6gZg5WGn3Ilskh23iTTw28jx5CeiVOnwdDmorkISGxgtKb4sJ-I2D8fkq_wcCHJWBANvOWGT76MmuIPRdYP33FFBTF3s6BDJ34fslzc/s267/index+grave+of+John.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="267" data-original-width="189" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnwrveMpB0llc-BklsYwCxpn8Rv5ljc4mAMg6q6gZg5WGn3Ilskh23iTTw28jx5CeiVOnwdDmorkISGxgtKb4sJ-I2D8fkq_wcCHJWBANvOWGT76MmuIPRdYP33FFBTF3s6BDJ34fslzc/w283-h400/index+grave+of+John.jpg" width="283" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="textstyledtext-zyj2x0-0" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ioannis’ grave in England</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Grave</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYcw1edAW_mHQZFMMPdhXdpq6SRIGkFF2S-0_Q9OWO847p23n0oG2FfVT3OLwKKo5cIwjDqFEE4JnW7qy7layBRmZ69tL3KQmXvOQY8OUkKtM5mkJyzuVRumvP5QBWphSyOzXZJ3Hv0LA/s1600/57c8c903-7669-403b-ba7f-e8597b2c297d.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYcw1edAW_mHQZFMMPdhXdpq6SRIGkFF2S-0_Q9OWO847p23n0oG2FfVT3OLwKKo5cIwjDqFEE4JnW7qy7layBRmZ69tL3KQmXvOQY8OUkKtM5mkJyzuVRumvP5QBWphSyOzXZJ3Hv0LA/w300-h400/57c8c903-7669-403b-ba7f-e8597b2c297d.jpg" width="300" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Section Four, Number 584A</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The cemetery
lists him as buried here. The more prominent names on the stele belong to his
son. Since he died in an epidemic, his bones may have been brought here at a
later date. A small mystery!</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Map</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPDrhOWdmI9OlQCCS6msZd5vJjKskkOuoksgEAqIT2-FxrH0O-NlyguIXzlLBsH1Jtf92uN09NJT2Znk5dpvedm9oNsdGYzAYAkh0wSNOGKsw0xXIYQofoZkvglPu6Ej5HYzEiWuXKXGg/s2048/map+at+entrance+-+Gennadius.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1820" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPDrhOWdmI9OlQCCS6msZd5vJjKskkOuoksgEAqIT2-FxrH0O-NlyguIXzlLBsH1Jtf92uN09NJT2Znk5dpvedm9oNsdGYzAYAkh0wSNOGKsw0xXIYQofoZkvglPu6Ej5HYzEiWuXKXGg/w568-h640/map+at+entrance+-+Gennadius.JPG" width="568" /></a></span></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /> </span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Footnotes:</span></b></p>
<p style="margin-left: 24.6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -22.2pt;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1648 the School of Epiphanios Igoumenos was founded in
Ioannina. It was followed by the Gionma School (1672 - 1800), the Maroutsi
School (1742 - 1749) and the Kaplaneios School (1805 - 1820). In fact Ioannina
became the centre for the ten schools that were founded in Epirus during the Ottoman
period. These schools were supported by emigrants from Ioannina and Epirus who
had settled mainly in Venice. Ali Pasha was cruel and mercurial but many Greeks
prospered under his strange rule.</span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(2) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The editor of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hermes o Logios</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Greek cleric and intellectual <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anthimos Gazis and its purpose
was to promote a national awakening among Greeks in the Ottoman sphere and the
diaspora. It was supported by the Bucharest Philological society during the period
that Gennadius taught there. When the revolution did occur in 1821, the
Austrian authorities<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>closed it
down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b></p>
<p style="margin-left: 2.4pt;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(3)</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Neophytos Doukas was a priest and
scholar, one of the many clerics who contributed to Greek letters before the
revolution. His star was eclipsed for a time after 1830 because he was an advocate
for ancient Greek becoming the official language of the Greek state rather than
Katharevousa.At the request of Capodistria, he became the administrator of the
Orphanage in Aigina. </span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
Filiki Etairia was started by three Greeks in Odessa expressly with revolution
in mind. For more see:</span> <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2021/01/emmanuel-xanthos-and-filiki-etaireia.html"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2021/01/emmanuel-xanthos-and-filiki-etaireia.html</span></a><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(5)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It
is now called the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">1<sup>st</sup>
Experimental High School of Athens</i>. </span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(6)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Paparrigopoulos’ theory of Greek history can
be seen in more detail in </span><a href="http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2018/02/constantinos-paparrigopoulos.html"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2018/02/constantinos-paparrigopoulos.html</span></a><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(7)</span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The article: </span><a href="https://www.espaciotiempoyeducacion.com/ojs/index.php/ete/article/view/137/104"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://www.espaciotiempoyeducacion.com/ojs/index.php/ete/article/view/137/104</span></a><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> by
Theodore G Zervas is a good source for more on Greek education at that time.</span></p>
<h1><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sources</span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://etetradio.wordpress.com/2020/09/26/1838-10-08_kolokotronis-logos-pnyka_en/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://etetradio.wordpress.com/2020/09/26/1838-10-08_kolokotronis-logos-pnyka_en/</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Theodore’s Kolokotroni speech at
Pnyka, Acropolis, 8 Oct. 1838 </p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-4950451494070102732021-05-18T12:01:00.005-07:002021-05-19T12:01:00.204-07:00Nikolaos Platon, Archaeologist<p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Nikolaos Platon<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ ΠΛΑΤΩΝ</span></b> <br /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Born in Cephalonia 1909<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died in Athens
1992</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidJpIVhYAMDxtoJpkfhsz1kuoW8D73jPd9YhKBXDvcrgl0QjmB5DMmJc6Sz0ixcOI3okv3xuNLH4TJE4gzFKJBYaW5_w8ABotQALSsHxjyD9ct05RwkZ4G52Uor7-sJY2rXPbm9R7EUUI/s961/148+-+Copy.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="961" data-original-width="607" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidJpIVhYAMDxtoJpkfhsz1kuoW8D73jPd9YhKBXDvcrgl0QjmB5DMmJc6Sz0ixcOI3okv3xuNLH4TJE4gzFKJBYaW5_w8ABotQALSsHxjyD9ct05RwkZ4G52Uor7-sJY2rXPbm9R7EUUI/w404-h640/148+-+Copy.JPG" width="404" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;">Section D1</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1L649ug0pLFq9YrG2acRyAPCnGbGtKzoLygRvL-rskGDoPIhHna7BO5Bp-JMaWpVVi58oipUbu4phU5hzog5wXYpbNqWKZbqeqJxPuCUyukdkbWYsbGZ4PaTDscDsWMAZtRthj6kBxOM/s2048/149.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1530" data-original-width="2048" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1L649ug0pLFq9YrG2acRyAPCnGbGtKzoLygRvL-rskGDoPIhHna7BO5Bp-JMaWpVVi58oipUbu4phU5hzog5wXYpbNqWKZbqeqJxPuCUyukdkbWYsbGZ4PaTDscDsWMAZtRthj6kBxOM/w400-h299/149.JPG" width="400" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">One day, I
was wandering in a section I seldom visit and noticed an unusual headstone – so
Minoan, and yet... here in Athens... </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The motif
was continued on the rectangular marble slab which identified the person buried
there. Although it was in a newer section of the cemetery, the marker looked
antique. But it was not. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The person
buried here had died in 1992. I was guessing he had to have something to do
with Minoan culture and I was correct. It was the grave of Nikolaos Platon, a
man whose range of knowledge was very broad indeed, but who specialized in Cretan
prehistory. Perhaps he is most famous today for his discovery of the Minoan
palace complex at Zakros in eastern Crete, a wonderful find because the site of
the palace had not been built over by later generations. But that is not
all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the
long time director of the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, a university
professor, writer, director of the Acropolis Museum in Athens when it was situated
on the sacred rock itself and, in fact, director of the entire Athens area for
a time, and much, much more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was one
of the many archaeologists who with their trusted assistants, guarded museums’
treasures from the Nazis during the Second World War. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His presence in the First Cemetery offers us an
opportunity to consider his life, the richness of the Minoan heritage he helped
to uncover, a glimpse at the efforts to preserve the Acropolis, and the efforts
of all the brave men and women who risked their lives to preserve the heritage
of Greece. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeUaaf3Zyxn61wkst1acUo8pYHMU70DeeXXunNRYnWdbHoRqfmMDbMS-ouogyrDNR2tJ_y1-5TA16wu5fK5qPDZrcVPc5myPyCcbfsGl6U85FZAL1dWXCXLnlwpC4eRUaTj1hhTAj6rOY/s270/index.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="270" data-original-width="173" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeUaaf3Zyxn61wkst1acUo8pYHMU70DeeXXunNRYnWdbHoRqfmMDbMS-ouogyrDNR2tJ_y1-5TA16wu5fK5qPDZrcVPc5myPyCcbfsGl6U85FZAL1dWXCXLnlwpC4eRUaTj1hhTAj6rOY/w256-h400/index.jpg" width="256" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Nikolaos was
born on the island of Cephalonia but his parents moved to Heraklion Crete when
he was very young and it was there that he received his primary and secondary
education. Nikolaos and Heraklion proved to be a good fit. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was, by all accounts a diligent and
disciplined student who graduated from high school as the winner of the
school’s gold medal for excellence. Even then the adjectives ‘modest’ ‘unassuming’
and ‘mild mannered’ were used to describe his personality. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKS89uJDXQLfyojD0Y1qGXeW61_fxGg74DHyDvwmZYem_g-_iasn4z-I-DLrMACAw697OeZ3zic6cqS1JvAO8Bh9gm1yERr9nHVxJgXPZWEcnHtusUqD4cgofAKt21YZePU_yTRBewcPc/s230/poi.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="230" data-original-width="159" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKS89uJDXQLfyojD0Y1qGXeW61_fxGg74DHyDvwmZYem_g-_iasn4z-I-DLrMACAw697OeZ3zic6cqS1JvAO8Bh9gm1yERr9nHVxJgXPZWEcnHtusUqD4cgofAKt21YZePU_yTRBewcPc/w222-h320/poi.jpg" width="222" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Nikolaos
went on to study literature and archaeology at the Philosophical School of
Athens University. After graduation, he worked at the Archaeological Museum of
Heraklion under one of archaeology’s super stars, Spiridon Marinatos. <span style="color: red;">(1)</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He held a position
there until 1935 when he moved to the mainland as curator (ephor) in Thebes - another
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fascinating centre of prehistoric
Greece, this time Mycenaean. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">All this
before going to Paris in 1937 </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">to obtain
his doctorate </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">at the
École Pratique des Hautes Études.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When he returned to Greece in 1938 he
took over from Marinatos as the curator (ephor) of the new Heraklion
Archaeological Museum a position he would hold for 24 years until 1962. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This museum was remarkable for its fabulous
contents but also because many of its architectural elements - colours, polychromatic
marbles, and columns - which echoed Minoan design. It was anti-seismic and had
innovative skylights to highlight the exhibits: Bauhaus meets Minoan.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjxuVeMIxzjZDzE496c27CfZKjL9XCzksD2G9zRepxv623IEjl65LZp9JCPIFZYUJGowlW1-5ykZWXuUkWo6qVJNCjd0OuOg-3CppSJEpzMcm_IGOUJ78cIDjfn8HxZ8TYYCqIhmR0-IY/s1024/1024px-Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum_by_Joy_of_Museums.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="565" data-original-width="1024" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjxuVeMIxzjZDzE496c27CfZKjL9XCzksD2G9zRepxv623IEjl65LZp9JCPIFZYUJGowlW1-5ykZWXuUkWo6qVJNCjd0OuOg-3CppSJEpzMcm_IGOUJ78cIDjfn8HxZ8TYYCqIhmR0-IY/w400-h221/1024px-Heraklion_Archaeological_Museum_by_Joy_of_Museums.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A new wing was added in 1964</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His long tenure there was rudely
interrupted, by the Italian and German invasions – and thereby hangs a tale. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EL" style="mso-ansi-language: EL;"><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=a+history+of+the+heraklion+archaeological+museum&client=firefox-b-d&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=9FV5b-o27quIpM%252C4kUuJKeIRrAsWM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kTpgt06VJnA9r024Cd99G6h47GYGg&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitncekosvvAhXswAIHHSBWDJ4Q9QF6BAgIEAE#imgrc=9FV5b-o27quIpM"><span color="windowtext" lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Second World War and Greek Archaeological
Treasures</span></b></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In May of 1941, Platon was in Epirus, a soldier on the Albanian
front. Germany had invaded Greek territory the previous month. Fearing for the
artifacts in his beloved museum, Nikolaos was desperate to return to Crete, a
seemingly impossible journey under the circumstances. But, no! He used his connection
with German archaeologist Kurt Gebauer at the German Archaeological Institute
in Athens <span style="color: red;">(2)</span> and obtained permission to fly to
Crete! Two factors may have been key to the success of this surprising manoeuvre.
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">First, many Greek archaeologists had long associations with their
German counterparts in Greece. In spite of the natural territorial sentiments
of each archaeological school, archaeologists are a fraternity. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The German Archaeological Institute had been a
part of Athenian life since its founding in 1874 and some of its members had
Greek spouses. Gebauer’s wife’s mother happened to be Greek. That may have
helped. Secondly, archaeologists are all preservationists at heart, perhaps
another reason for </span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Gebauer to help. <span style="color: red;">(3) </span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There
may have been another factor as well. The preservation of ancient artifacts suited
Nazi propaganda goals: the glories of ancient Greece played into their Aryan
fantasy that Germans had descended from ancient Greeks. In their arrogance, they
may have assumed that since all of Greece’s treasures would be theirs in the
near future, who guarded them in the meantime did not matter so much. Their
certainty of ultimate victory is, to me, the only plausible explanation for the
fact that so many Greek museum treasures which had been so carefully hidden by
Greek museum personnel<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> before</i> the
invasion, remained hidden until the war ended.</span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
order to hide the treasures had come from the Greek Ministry of Culture.</span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNqsEVBG-RN_XVBIMoHAtbanFjkSbOJKdTyQHB1sz6tD2iY6FE6AJdREPSXqHmRjYLf0kS_uEUsBVKCsPygboQ_nBGjAmC4_KwigPPJyHML90pUEbdGma_rECy4w4lQWpCl06Q2Xxiu-0/s1090/Nazi-officers-on-Acropolis-1941.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="613" data-original-width="1090" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNqsEVBG-RN_XVBIMoHAtbanFjkSbOJKdTyQHB1sz6tD2iY6FE6AJdREPSXqHmRjYLf0kS_uEUsBVKCsPygboQ_nBGjAmC4_KwigPPJyHML90pUEbdGma_rECy4w4lQWpCl06Q2Xxiu-0/w400-h225/Nazi-officers-on-Acropolis-1941.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The ‘would be’
inheritors in 1941</span></i></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In
October 1940, after war had been declared, the Ministry had issued a letter to
all museums to hide whatever they could. A great deal was accomplished in the
six months before the Germans actually invaded. Museum floors all over Greece
were dug up, artifacts lowered, sand used as a buffer, and the floors then
replaced. Other items were hidden in caves, secret storerooms, and private
homes. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqrgNgXYERP6qDQVmA5OEN2BMYQJ01sOUCOJtnvigfEiLwaxibMZ7Q5KT6hh8O9JZc0U2rjvRSBWH_OSKbgxT_XPUSSImbAfNgUOsHeyrsrEhZJOd5kSE6MTcFm4ObKWrlQhjt3PlURWo/s702/hiddentreasures5-e1437923554612.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="481" data-original-width="702" height="438" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqrgNgXYERP6qDQVmA5OEN2BMYQJ01sOUCOJtnvigfEiLwaxibMZ7Q5KT6hh8O9JZc0U2rjvRSBWH_OSKbgxT_XPUSSImbAfNgUOsHeyrsrEhZJOd5kSE6MTcFm4ObKWrlQhjt3PlURWo/w640-h438/hiddentreasures5-e1437923554612.webp" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A kouros being lowered to the basement
in Athens in the winter of 1941-2 </span></i><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(4)</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">And so it happened that when the
German occupiers sent their own experts to museums all over Greece, they found
empty rooms. The Heraklion Museum staff had complied with the Ministry’s
directive to the best of their ability. Still, </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">it is hard to believe that the Nazi’s, with their well
known torture tactics, could not have unearthed the secret of the hidden exhibits
had it been a priority. They may have been playing a long game, - waiting until
their victory was assured and the population totally subdued before going after
these missing treasures in earnest – something that thankfully never happened. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The German military
pilfered whatever they could and even did a little excavating during the
occupation. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to his son, Platon
slept inside the Heraklion Museum to protect it from predators, especially the
rapacious German general, Julius Ringel <span style="color: red;">(5)</span> who
had ensconced himself in Sir Arthur Evan’ s home, the Villa Ariadne, at Knossos
and was stealing whatever he could find for his personal collection.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Gseecgv_mEzJKZdSFfx8v8Zz0MZ2XLMbywxeXtEvCy71GNapknTuHXGqfvfbNhOSei18FiyZrF92JS-vO38bQJmJ7ZJbKE6OfmFUNJLovOzOXPgdR1MTTBzv9V424ooam3QyWnojqkQ/s270/Julius+Ringel.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="270" data-original-width="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4Gseecgv_mEzJKZdSFfx8v8Zz0MZ2XLMbywxeXtEvCy71GNapknTuHXGqfvfbNhOSei18FiyZrF92JS-vO38bQJmJ7ZJbKE6OfmFUNJLovOzOXPgdR1MTTBzv9V424ooam3QyWnojqkQ/s0/Julius+Ringel.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Julius Ringel was
wanted for war crimes after the war</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Ringel was a
ruthless man and Platon knew where all the treasures were buried. This was dangerous
information to have. His determination and steadfastness in the face of the
occupiers was truly heroic. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">1945 and On</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The museum
suffered damage during the war. It was Platon who supervised the placement and
re-exhibition of its contents so that it could reopen in 1952.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">When the war
ended, Platon was put in charge of all Cretan archaeological sites, a position
he would hold until 1962. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1958, he proposed
a system of Minoan chronology based on the development of Minoan palaces. He
divided the Minoan period into Prepalatial, Protopalatial, Neopalatial, and
Post-palatial periods. This system was employed along with Evan’s chronology
which was based on pottery styles. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1960, there
was a new direction. He was made director of the Acropolis Museum and the
Athens area. It was a busy time since he was concurrently the field director of
the excavation in eastern Crete in 1961 which unearthed the palace complex at
Zakros, the find of a lifetime!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAOJqcmU_6fDTe3SWRKwImEnz70TIwhOa7VfKVYUqspsByz5DkIWsDCmxttc4VPBDSIw6PE7WJmL5xtzvm2YP6GnHHdlxE6j9GIITiHhN_QR-1Ys-hePuWhMnLz9ssRtfDyRdMO9x-tzA/s636/minoan-palace-zakros-01-636x380.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="380" data-original-width="636" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAOJqcmU_6fDTe3SWRKwImEnz70TIwhOa7VfKVYUqspsByz5DkIWsDCmxttc4VPBDSIw6PE7WJmL5xtzvm2YP6GnHHdlxE6j9GIITiHhN_QR-1Ys-hePuWhMnLz9ssRtfDyRdMO9x-tzA/w640-h382/minoan-palace-zakros-01-636x380.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">The Palace at Zakros</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Others
before Platon had speculated about the existence of a Minoan settlement in eastern
Crete to compliment the known palace complexes at Knossos, Mallia and Phaestos.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It made sense given what was known about
the Minoan trading activities. In 1900 David Hogarth of the British School had
begun excavations at Zakros and found artifacts pointing to a possible palace
complex.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he did not find the palace
itself. Nikolaos Platon did. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The palace
was small, about a fifth the size of Knossos, but it still covered an area of
4,500 square metres and contained all of the rooms expected in a complex which was
the commercial and religious hub of the community which surrounded it. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were reception rooms, a room for
religious rituals, storerooms with clay tablets (Linear A), and chambers for
the ruler and his family. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A paved road
went from one of the Palace entrances to the commercial port. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finds have indicated that Zakros traded with
Africa and Asia. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Locally made pottery
and other items were found in Cyprus, Egypt, and the Middle East. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The work of
the excavators was not muddled by later buildings and the methods used in 1961
were more scientific than the earlier efforts of Sir Arthur Evans at Knossos,
so much was learned at Zakros. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first
palace dated back to 1900 BC and it is likely that an earthquake caused it to
be rebuilt 500 years later. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When it, too,
was destroyed, the site was abandoned. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8P8_hKwzgYaBtiMuJOy8BYFlSsCp-InhEdLXCMYQ55fndrueIWK-638KCzsR3FtuBK8NBk0uCJLMZp-vs8LxTHRlT5JOIv9lhkFxNTXjKQQbV4MF3b8-SVR96ci_c4VXUVhQ-sRNkSc0/s300/zakros-vase.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="170" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8P8_hKwzgYaBtiMuJOy8BYFlSsCp-InhEdLXCMYQ55fndrueIWK-638KCzsR3FtuBK8NBk0uCJLMZp-vs8LxTHRlT5JOIv9lhkFxNTXjKQQbV4MF3b8-SVR96ci_c4VXUVhQ-sRNkSc0/w227-h400/zakros-vase.jpg" width="227" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">An exquisite vase found at Zakros</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In Athens</span></b></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">As
curator of the Acropolis and its museum, his priority was to protect the site.
This was a continuation of efforts that had been ongoing since the 1830s and
mistakes had been made. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apparently he
began with some work on the Karyatids, those stalwart maidens who had been
doing service holding up the Erechtheion porch for well over two thousand years
without a break. They had already lost one sister to Lord Elgin, and were in
desperate need of repair. </span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSVDDHS69v9UbIyxoc2WKZchK-IwaimiMMAd4YpIUzkUn6ZRT40VNqloF_xBMlcFpWYsRwck_8UCJHdRvmiXeV9Xxo3di27nJafZPCiJI9mUm0I9p0U8gBb6IGdRBGkH_wMasSpr-mpQM/s710/Acropolis-Erectheion-Caryatid-Vintage.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="547" data-original-width="710" height="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSVDDHS69v9UbIyxoc2WKZchK-IwaimiMMAd4YpIUzkUn6ZRT40VNqloF_xBMlcFpWYsRwck_8UCJHdRvmiXeV9Xxo3di27nJafZPCiJI9mUm0I9p0U8gBb6IGdRBGkH_wMasSpr-mpQM/w640-h494/Acropolis-Erectheion-Caryatid-Vintage.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Early days...</span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrRrfBwcjFhgDnbo6L1KS_ku7M-HWVK2-UlUVxdHvCQbTQoD0M8iNznVoGwcvbiXnFJXzE01vXCJrlueN9ZFVJ82P56YCweysxFIQhm71TfghbkipJ93YfX761Qc4Xi4vlA_l7LeTRyz0/s600/caryatid-porch-erechtheion-acropolis-athens-14403713.jpg.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="378" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrRrfBwcjFhgDnbo6L1KS_ku7M-HWVK2-UlUVxdHvCQbTQoD0M8iNznVoGwcvbiXnFJXzE01vXCJrlueN9ZFVJ82P56YCweysxFIQhm71TfghbkipJ93YfX761Qc4Xi4vlA_l7LeTRyz0/w405-h640/caryatid-porch-erechtheion-acropolis-athens-14403713.jpg.webp" width="405" /></a></div><br /><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Circa 1930
after some renovation</span></i></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
situation on the Acropolis during his tenure was daunting because of the rusting
iron used in previous repair efforts, pollution, and just plain errors of
placement by earlier restorers. He had an exhaustive archive made of what
remained on the acropolis, restored what he could manage on a budget that was
never enough and, in 1965, even conducted excavations behind the western end of
the long Portico of Eumenes <span style="color: red;">(6)</span>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There he discovered a Mycenaean chamber tomb
which has led to speculation that this area had been a Mycenaean cemetery which
future generations had almost entirely obliterated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Platon
created the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Commission for the Rescue of
the Acropolis Monuments</i>. He remained committed to this long term project
and organized international conferences about the issue. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It would not be until 1975 with the formation
of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">interdisciplinary Acropolis
Conservation Committee</i> <span style="color: red;">(7)</span>,<span style="color: red;"> </span>and funding from the Greek government and European
Union that the rock would get the attention it so needed and deserved. This
project is still a work in progress but the Karyatids did get a good home in
the New Acropolis Museum when it opened in 2009. </span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHBQLJ1gwgNTwltPyADt0jOuAuEYm-PcMa_ow9loQMYzL160Bzks5QBAMbzdGIuog8_iiRnztLQW7CY37rPGG7usLlae3f1MugVJ27LNFOG0jdR9qGriMjcBbYM5PjYQyLaNQ3d3LtCic/s275/indexlop.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHBQLJ1gwgNTwltPyADt0jOuAuEYm-PcMa_ow9loQMYzL160Bzks5QBAMbzdGIuog8_iiRnztLQW7CY37rPGG7usLlae3f1MugVJ27LNFOG0jdR9qGriMjcBbYM5PjYQyLaNQ3d3LtCic/w640-h426/indexlop.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">They oversee
every visitor entering the museum </span></i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(8)</span></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In
1965 Platon added the word ‘professor’ to an already full resume, teaching
prehistoric archaeology at the University of Thessaloniki and, in 1974, at the
university in Rethymnon, Crete.</span></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Summation</span></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To say that Nikolaos Platon was adept at multitasking would be an
understatement. Along with the accomplishments described, he was also <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>instrumental in the founding of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Society of Cretan Historical Studies</i>
(SCHS) in 1951 and aided in the restoration of the Vikelas Library in Crete
which had been damaged during the war. . <span style="color: red;">(9) </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was knowledgeable about and taught
Byzantine history as well. It never fails to amaze me, the range of scholars’
interests in the 19<sup>th</sup> and early 20<sup>th</sup> centuries before the
present age of narrow specialization. His <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">book,
</i></span><a href="https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=30789403664&searchurl=an%3Dnikolaos%2Bplaton%26sortby%3D17&cm_sp=snippet-_-srp1-_-title1"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Zakros : The
Discovery of a Lost Palace of Ancient Crete</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">can still be found for sale on the Internet.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">During his lifetime he was made a member of the Athens Academy and
honoured by the Italian state for his contribution to archaeology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He died in
Athens in 1992.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgydT-MU1cyJERtLoTjVrFSFD5zBoSrvaWEKJUn-m7E5FcHLWOkw-JeNVauUEHsNBKkzo53ecEgWdw6NrWQoPwsG7eZ6q15um2yp5GuJsc_lkE2wkamcNjX0-Qx9wpKGPzV1p2UU5KGDB0/s1200/Kato_Zakros_Palast_011.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgydT-MU1cyJERtLoTjVrFSFD5zBoSrvaWEKJUn-m7E5FcHLWOkw-JeNVauUEHsNBKkzo53ecEgWdw6NrWQoPwsG7eZ6q15um2yp5GuJsc_lkE2wkamcNjX0-Qx9wpKGPzV1p2UU5KGDB0/w640-h480/Kato_Zakros_Palast_011.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">His bust in
situ at Zakros</span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">His Grave</span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></i>
</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii5qvWfGvZjlk_DexiLeQoTxk-_2b0IQgZwKUkyslF7Fj6eVJqkMUS_UQdME5QYkDQkZyRENJRmIwXpwXdP_izCD3757e540_jqPsJggvYeqTs2QaOqdaMeAziGx_OZ00LXncUIqFaFhw/s2048/148.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1530" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii5qvWfGvZjlk_DexiLeQoTxk-_2b0IQgZwKUkyslF7Fj6eVJqkMUS_UQdME5QYkDQkZyRENJRmIwXpwXdP_izCD3757e540_jqPsJggvYeqTs2QaOqdaMeAziGx_OZ00LXncUIqFaFhw/w478-h640/148.JPG" width="478" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Section D1</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Every once in a while, Filia or I
take a single rose to place on a grave containing someone whose story affected
us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This out of the way memorial of a man
who may not have been a superstar in his field like a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Marinatos or an <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Orlandos , but who nonetheless contributed greatly
to the long history of Greek culture, merits one for sure.</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Map</span></b>
</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz-ohFiQlI6e_YI204DxZmwFOhr99QU28e0DIYl1PHkcdmnUdYDfDXGyAZt5OTdPj-xdS7B9nOcp51WnUXpuAe3UhTcDt-pNRFfPHUdvpO_HOOYS8Bv1hdaYEzHsY35Qh3m3nM0RN9U6c/s2048/map+13+-+Copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz-ohFiQlI6e_YI204DxZmwFOhr99QU28e0DIYl1PHkcdmnUdYDfDXGyAZt5OTdPj-xdS7B9nOcp51WnUXpuAe3UhTcDt-pNRFfPHUdvpO_HOOYS8Bv1hdaYEzHsY35Qh3m3nM0RN9U6c/w480-h640/map+13+-+Copy.jpg" width="480" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(1)</span>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Spiridon Marinatos specialized in Bronze age Minoan and
Mycenaean civilizations. He is best known today for his leadership in the
excavations at Akrotiri on Santorini.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When he died in 1974, he was buried there, an unusual honour in the 20<sup>th</sup>
century.</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(2)</span>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kurt
Gebauer married Christina Ott from the Kosmetatos family. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1930, approximately 1,300 German-speaking
foreigners were living in Greece. Quite a few were classical scholars. See </span><a href="https://www.kankeleit.de/pdfs/occupation_greece.pdf"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://www.kankeleit.de/pdfs/occupation_greece.pdf</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(3)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
This would not be the first or last time that members of the archaeological
fraternity put their finds ahead of their politics. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The story goes that Kyriakos Pittakis who was
so instrumental in establishing the first state collection of antiquities and
setting up museums, had been so distraught when the Turks held the Acropolis
that he suggested sending them bullets so they would not melt down the lead
holding the ancient columns together to manufacture their own!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(4)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>See <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.pappaspost.com/april-28-1941-nazis-find-empty-archaeological-museum-athens/"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.pappaspost.com/april-28-1941-nazis-find-empty-archaeological-museum-athens/</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(5)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Ringel gave some of his collection to an Austrian museum and
some items have been returned. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(6)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
163 metre long Portico of Eumenes is now accessed via the entrance to the
ancient theatre of Dionysios. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">It ran along the foot of the south
slope of the Acropolis, to the west of the theatre of Dionysos <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and the Odeion of Pericles.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(7) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This committee
is interdisciplinary and consists of archaeologists, architects, engineers, and
curators, the idea being to avoid mistakes in past renovations and to produce
the best possible result.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(8) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
wonder what Platon would think of them today as kissed by laser pulse ablation they
stand guard over the ramped entrance to the new Acropolis Museum. </span></p>
<h3><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(9)</span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Vikelaia Municipal Library is
a cultural institution that organises and supports scientific and artistic
activities, conducts research and promotes local history by utilizing
historical archives. Its original benefactor, was </span><b><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dimitrios Vikelas</span></b><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, a
writer, the man <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in charge of the 1996
Olympics, and the person who inspired this blog on the First Cemetery.</span> </h3>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sources:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.archaiologia.gr/blog/issue/%CE%BF-%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%82-%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9-%CE%B7-%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7/">https://www.archaiologia.gr/blog/issue/%CE%BF-%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%82-%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9-%CE%B7-%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7/</a>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.culture.gov.gr/DocLib/appendix8_en.pdf">https://www.culture.gov.gr/DocLib/appendix8_en.pdf</a>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.ysma.gr/en/restoration/history-of-older-interventions/">https://www.ysma.gr/en/restoration/history-of-older-interventions/</a>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-75261185068556702952021-04-28T06:03:00.012-07:002023-07-08T05:33:30.757-07:00Alexandros Papanastasiou<p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if !mso]>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alexandros Papanastasiou<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="background: white; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΟΣ
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ΠΑΠΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΟΥ </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Born July 8, 1876<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died November 17, 1936</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmaTtrUCjE-GBYiidrYWvb5p_S1rTrpGE3A44_0OVAvCkksXO6bAWMpiVqjdYOxx-ML_5434cO_FZ5BQUaAtphVoXLduFxPo_bx_CjRRwrJVdKQMx5lJcJsdbCdgxNR_BKt4K_asTSqrQ/s2048/%25CE%2591%25CE%259B%25CE%2595%25CE%259E%25CE%2591%25CE%259D%25CE%2594%25CE%25A1%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3+%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%259D%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A4%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%2599%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5+%25CE%25A4%25CE%2591%25CE%25A6%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmaTtrUCjE-GBYiidrYWvb5p_S1rTrpGE3A44_0OVAvCkksXO6bAWMpiVqjdYOxx-ML_5434cO_FZ5BQUaAtphVoXLduFxPo_bx_CjRRwrJVdKQMx5lJcJsdbCdgxNR_BKt4K_asTSqrQ/w640-h480/%25CE%2591%25CE%259B%25CE%2595%25CE%259E%25CE%2591%25CE%259D%25CE%2594%25CE%25A1%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3+%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%259D%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A4%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%2599%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5+%25CE%25A4%25CE%2591%25CE%25A6%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3+1.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Plaza Number 39</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Democracy consists of a whole system of
political forces... in order to ensure freedom and egalitarianism the state
must try to elevate the many - meaning the whole governing organization -
in the political, economical and social and in general in all our relations
with other countries. </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><b>Alexandros Papanastasiou was a
politician, thinker, and, above all, an idealist. This is a quotation from a
speech he delivered when he became Greece’s Prime Minister in 1924.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His career spanned the years from 1907 until his
death in 1936, a period of incredible turmoil in Greece. He introduced something
new to Greek political life, - a school of political thought. By regarding
politics as a science compatible with scientific research, he believed that sound
policies could emerge. He did not believe that a monarchy could or should be
the basis of the modern Greek state; he did believe that it was the proper role
of government to intervene, fine tune, and improve the society it was leading
as well as ensuring as friendly relations with neighbouring states as possible in
order to ensure the well being of the region.</b> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the early 1900s there were many
intractable issues facing Greece. It had declared bankruptcy in 1893, had
suffered a crushing and humiliating defeat in the Greek Turkish war of 1897, and
the governments in power lacked any coherent long term strategy for the
betterment of citizens, especially for its poorest citizens, the workers and
farmers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How to enhance the all
important agricultural sector especially in the newly acquired <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bread-basket of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thessaly, what role the king should play in
political life, and how to improve the economy were all issues in search of
solutions that Papanastasiou and his followers believed were within their
grasp. He published his views tirelessly in the newspapers of the day. Two
articles: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">What Has to Happen </i>written
in 1909 at the time of the military coup at Goudi and, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Democratic Manifesto </i>written in 1922 just before the Smyrna debacle
still resonate in Greece. </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigWK_XTFsV_3px92Q9KLQNDVxQxl6a_td6DVaqZE-1dmV2xWXAGSg4cKCJ-VXeQluVSj1VLixS38hVAgLDbPz_UKMp-v_l1attVRJseZMIPlTTXXTEmM0Tt4yFR-tSraENtUWw3OH9z2Y/s282/images.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="282" data-original-width="179" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigWK_XTFsV_3px92Q9KLQNDVxQxl6a_td6DVaqZE-1dmV2xWXAGSg4cKCJ-VXeQluVSj1VLixS38hVAgLDbPz_UKMp-v_l1attVRJseZMIPlTTXXTEmM0Tt4yFR-tSraENtUWw3OH9z2Y/w406-h640/images.jpg" width="406" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Life</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alexandros was born on July 8, 1876 in Tripoli in
the Peloponnese.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His father was a
department head in the Ministry of Education, and a member of parliament for
Mantineia. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One grandfather was the mayor
of Levidi in Arkadia. Public service in the family was a way of life.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDIIb5emqrBZwGctHnXxFFHmMwODk10NnmKeZSofCVbrfpErlGkIEIWWgpS5ZA9XTN7IZhJaYt4unrgBjNRjSdXNjaq0lu1J4L51rVI47qsfCx8VE6-_fBO8l7guN9zJKsh-ufo_JFHJw/s2048/%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%259D%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A4%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%2599%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5+%25CE%259C%25CE%2595+%25CE%25A4%25CE%2597%25CE%259D+%25CE%2591%25CE%2594%25CE%2595%25CE%259B%25CE%25A6%25CE%2597+%25CE%25A4%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDIIb5emqrBZwGctHnXxFFHmMwODk10NnmKeZSofCVbrfpErlGkIEIWWgpS5ZA9XTN7IZhJaYt4unrgBjNRjSdXNjaq0lu1J4L51rVI47qsfCx8VE6-_fBO8l7guN9zJKsh-ufo_JFHJw/w300-h400/%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%259D%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A4%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%2599%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5+%25CE%259C%25CE%2595+%25CE%25A4%25CE%2597%25CE%259D+%25CE%2591%25CE%2594%25CE%2595%25CE%259B%25CE%25A6%25CE%2597+%25CE%25A4%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5.jpg" width="300" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">With his sister Aristovouli in public school</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He studied Law at the University of Athens, earned
his doctorate in 1889 at the age of 23, and his licence to practice law in
1901. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Still, he did not feel his
education was complete. He continued his studies in Berlin and Heidelberg from
1901 to 1905 where he studied Sociology, Philology and Economics, and later studied
for a time in England and France. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrRv1tKWfrmtQW5A2wvHWJBvJSJP2edsWTK9EnPjfEoDmYvMvJdq8zZOZp-rK9QNt-_HgbXAMK9FIRoueVT5x3GCEghwzToGS3y5PXg55ONf8vOgKFrvFO7oZY-rfFeVZfU7AycwFG5bs/s2048/%25CE%25A6%25CE%25A9%25CE%25A4%25CE%259F+%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%259D%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A4%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%2599%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5+%25CE%259D%25CE%2595%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2026" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrRv1tKWfrmtQW5A2wvHWJBvJSJP2edsWTK9EnPjfEoDmYvMvJdq8zZOZp-rK9QNt-_HgbXAMK9FIRoueVT5x3GCEghwzToGS3y5PXg55ONf8vOgKFrvFO7oZY-rfFeVZfU7AycwFG5bs/w396-h400/%25CE%25A6%25CE%25A9%25CE%25A4%25CE%259F+%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%25A0%25CE%2591%25CE%259D%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A4%25CE%2591%25CE%25A3%25CE%2599%25CE%259F%25CE%25A5+%25CE%259D%25CE%2595%25CE%259F%25CE%25A3.jpg" width="396" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As a student in Germany (on the left) </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Return</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">At the age of 31, he returned to Greece with the
aim of helping the country to modernize and develop a more solid democratic character
along social democratic lines. This included his championship of demotic Greek,
the language of the people. When the poet Costis Palamas was criticized for
publishing his poems in demotic rather than Katharevousa, the pure language
favoured by the social and political elite, Papanastasiou sprang to his defence
in an </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">article entitled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Freedom of the Word</i>, (</span><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ελευθερία</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">του</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Λόγου</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">).</span></i></p>
<h2><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Then,
In 1908, together with like-minded colleagues, </span><span face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(1) </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">he founded
the Sociological society<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"">Κοινωνιολογική Εταιρεία</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">) <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">with the aim of creating a political party
for workers and farmers, groups which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>were
sorely under- represented in parliament. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Society produced two regular publications:
a weekly Newspaper called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Future</i>
(</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Το</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Μέλλον</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Review of Social and Law
Sciences </i>(</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Επιθεώρηση</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">των</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Κοινωνικών</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">και</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Νομικών</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">της</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">επιμέλειας</span><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">).</span></span></h2><h2><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri", "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></h2>
<h2 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span color="windowtext" face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivK1Bd50CWOO_xNNsieq5kNpMXO11t61uZ1-zxU7BnAwOfFxiP6GNQA-XKTaZhGiy9psjMbvQ-_E1j0Td60O8DkL8EU6o3B4L_fXZBlc1bSuybb9rq1u4OEcc3bHhDFhw-_H-_wxZI5CU/s456/logo.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="154" data-original-width="456" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivK1Bd50CWOO_xNNsieq5kNpMXO11t61uZ1-zxU7BnAwOfFxiP6GNQA-XKTaZhGiy9psjMbvQ-_E1j0Td60O8DkL8EU6o3B4L_fXZBlc1bSuybb9rq1u4OEcc3bHhDFhw-_H-_wxZI5CU/w400-h135/logo.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /> </span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">On the occasion of the coup d’état at Goudi in 1909,
(a coup led by a group of officers disgruntled at the
interference of the Monarchy in the choice of officers, fed up with the
politicians in charge, and wanting changes in the constitution) he wrote <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">What has to Happen</i> <i>(</i></span><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Τι</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">πρέπει</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">να</span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">γίνει</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">concerning how the Greek
state, its administration, and the justice system in particular, <i>should</i>
be run – and </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">presented it to Colonel Nikolaos Zorba, the coup leader!
It was this coup that led to the election of Eleftherios Venizelos in 1910.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlaJYNmQHuQW2yvD0d_kW3V0lcS1LLevCiTYUjmy8ubdrQmkMtTrU1f_xQPNSsokRsDtjbezIFE-vk1NimLzeOw8a-LRx4pHvWu0iOR6YcV5GsYgb9ceVXH5EAzceU_WC44hiawlvXRxA/s709/Nikolaos_Zorbas.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="444" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlaJYNmQHuQW2yvD0d_kW3V0lcS1LLevCiTYUjmy8ubdrQmkMtTrU1f_xQPNSsokRsDtjbezIFE-vk1NimLzeOw8a-LRx4pHvWu0iOR6YcV5GsYgb9ceVXH5EAzceU_WC44hiawlvXRxA/w200-h320/Nikolaos_Zorbas.png" width="200" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Coup leaders always saw themselves as saviours of the state. In this
case, democracy was restored quickly</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Papanastasiou’s views had not gone unnoticed by the
great man himself. Venizelos was a subscriber to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Review of Social and Law Sciences </i>and well versed in the contents
of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What Has to Happen. </i>Their fundamental outlooks
were similar, especially at the beginning of their careers in politics. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Venizelos remarked on one occasion: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">You will be the steam engine which will pull
ahead and open the road, and I will follow</i>. And he once presented him to
the people waiting outside of his office with these words: “Behold the Future
of Greece! «</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ιδού</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">το</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">μέλλον</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">της</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ελλάδας</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">». </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpK_M7hBkLMvmyp8nvAg9oE4dYwPcmm_4AEfBXgGxnKIJPv7FMMYvaGk8zlx6WweBEvQ0S0o8JAwIrmQboxfXSrU1L80xRYm38CDiv_9gjx6b6vOBBsC2OL5hJeKIXCfwsuFyvrl7EADA/s461/Al_Papanastasiou-El_Venizelos.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="461" data-original-width="350" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpK_M7hBkLMvmyp8nvAg9oE4dYwPcmm_4AEfBXgGxnKIJPv7FMMYvaGk8zlx6WweBEvQ0S0o8JAwIrmQboxfXSrU1L80xRYm38CDiv_9gjx6b6vOBBsC2OL5hJeKIXCfwsuFyvrl7EADA/w304-h400/Al_Papanastasiou-El_Venizelos.jpg" width="304" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alexandros standing shoulder to shoulder with Eleftherios Venizlos</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Venizelos was very much under the influence
of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘’<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">What
Has to Happen</i>”<i> when he presented his party’s platform in June 5, 1910,
the year he became Prime Minister of Greece for the first time. </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1910, Papanastasiou had formed the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">People’s Party</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(</span><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Λαϊκό Κόμμα</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">), Greece’s first socialist party, and he was elected to parliament. His
faction in parliament acted as a kind of left wing for Venizelos’ Liberal Party
and, from that position, constantly encouraged him to make reforms. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Land reform, especially in Thessaly was very
much on the mind of the People’s Party, and with good reason. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After Thessaly had joined Greece in 1881,
fully 75 percent of the land was in the hands of Greek land owners in the form
of vast estates. The people who worked this newly acquired land were being
exploited in a quasi - feudal system in which making any kind of living wage was
impossible. There had been a farmers’ rebellion at Kileler in 1910 in protest. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRrvD4Vmv0AOMO7crwlc0rC8ODh1ZGgAxhASeJ75TByieWrCOYm00NcqMR2Efz8eLoNcy8N6wjmx8VvlxQ9LjG_tT5s3T04Jd8x74rvzdwRnzBXkV9TejgJaSOVA-dLYxWk7vo9vVoQ_8/s600/farmers+around+1910.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="414" data-original-width="600" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRrvD4Vmv0AOMO7crwlc0rC8ODh1ZGgAxhASeJ75TByieWrCOYm00NcqMR2Efz8eLoNcy8N6wjmx8VvlxQ9LjG_tT5s3T04Jd8x74rvzdwRnzBXkV9TejgJaSOVA-dLYxWk7vo9vVoQ_8/w400-h276/farmers+around+1910.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It looks idyllic, but it was not for these Thessalian farmers. </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Papanastasiou’s group <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>wanted this
land expropriated by the government and given to the workers. Agriculture constituted
a large part of the Greek economy then and modernization was necessary to
develop the sector’s potential. Giving farmers their own land would increase
production as well as end the situation of share-cropper servitude. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although actual land distribution did not
happen until the 1920s, Papanastasiou had shown the way. <span style="color: red;">(2)</span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Papanastasiou’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People’s Party’s
efforts contributed to many of the reforms made by the government of Venizelos:
Sunday as a day of rest, the protection of working women and children, prohibition
(except in certain cases) of children under twelve working, inspection of work
environments, and efforts at social welfare and wage protection.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He did not win re-election in 1912 and that year saw him volunteering as
a fighter in the First Balkan War. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1916, the People’s Party joined the Liberal
Party of Venizelos and supported him during his break with the king over the
entrance of Greece on the side of the Entente during the First World War. As a
reward for his loyalty, Venizelos made him governor of the Ionian Islands. <span style="color: red;">(3)</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then, after
1917, Venizelos put Papanastasiou in charge of several ministries: Transportation,
the Ministry of Health and the Interior Ministry.<span style="color: red;"> </span>He
accomplished a great deal including the rapid rebuilding of Thessaloniki after
the fire of 1917. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIeutLD0_sxwag_N7cNdQfhtSo6NS5cKuTCTVwx_p78tT8xrADNTA4Auf-z1LNWeQVP7DWc1aPBDea__Omz2nHRqPSkcWHOfdBFDSGUD60sq9ESKHWYAn2UbEOlho0VF5nYgWM6m3D_pM/s2048/%25CE%2598%25CE%2595%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A3%25CE%2591%25CE%259B%25CE%259F%25CE%259D%25CE%2599%25CE%259A%25CE%2597.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIeutLD0_sxwag_N7cNdQfhtSo6NS5cKuTCTVwx_p78tT8xrADNTA4Auf-z1LNWeQVP7DWc1aPBDea__Omz2nHRqPSkcWHOfdBFDSGUD60sq9ESKHWYAn2UbEOlho0VF5nYgWM6m3D_pM/w400-h300/%25CE%2598%25CE%2595%25CE%25A3%25CE%25A3%25CE%2591%25CE%259B%25CE%259F%25CE%259D%25CE%2599%25CE%259A%25CE%2597.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Committee for the renewal of Thessaloniki with the English architect
Mawason, the French civil engineer Pleyberm and the architect-town planner
Hebrard with </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Γκίνης</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ζάχος</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Κιτσίκης</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">κ</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">and the mayor </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Αγγελάκης</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. </span></i></p>
<h1 style="line-height: 115%;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">He also created three new schools at the Athens University: architecture, chemical engineering, and land surveying<span style="color: red;"> </span>and ensured
that the University would be become an independent Institution. Nor was culture
ignored. Papanastasiou <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>became involved
with putting the holdings of the National Gallery in order and made artist and
poet Zacharias Papantoniou its director. </span></h1>
<h1 style="line-height: 115%;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It was all going so well. </span></h1>
<h1 style="line-height: 115%;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">But Greek involvement in Asia Minor with its hopes to create a larger
Greece, was about to lead to disaster.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Venizelos had lost the election of 1920 but the army leaders and the new
leaders, backed by the monarchy recklessly decided to continue their push into
Turkey although the international climate had changed, and not in Greece’s
favour. </span></h1>
<h1 style="line-height: 115%;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Papanastasiou <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and several colleagues
foresaw the catastrophe and on February 12, 1922, just months before the Smyna
debacle, published (in the two Greek newspapers - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Πατρίδα</span></i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">and </span><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ελεύθερος</span></i><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Τύπος</span></i><i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span></i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> the Democratic
Manifesto. </span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Democratic
Manifesto</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Its position was bitterly anti-royalist. He blamed
the king and the princes for Greece’s ills, claiming that they were treating
the country like a piece of private property:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Greece is a spiritual creation of the hardship and struggle of its
children. It is not a Royal preserve. It can never tolerate sacrificing even
the smallest part of itself for the personal satisfaction of the Royal House.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As for the
Great Powers, he pointed out that their earlier supportive policies had undergone
a change and again he blamed the royal house: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">They do not wish to intervene in Greece’s internal
affairs but they are forced to declare publically that the restitution to the
throne of Greece of a ruler whose non law-abiding attitude and behaviour
towards the Allies during the war became, for them, nothing but a sanction by
Greece of the hostile acts of King Constantine.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His
manifesto enraged the monarchy and the Royalists in the country. Papanastasiou
and the other signees were arrested and charged with high treason and insulting
the king. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Andreas Kavafakis the chief of
the newspaper Eleftheros Typos was assassinated nine days after the Manifesto
appeared. The climate was electric. Their trial took place in Lamia in June 1922.
His defence was undertaken by social democrat and future Greek prime minister, <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2018/03/georgios-papandreou.html">GiorgiosPapandreau</a>. They</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">were</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">sentenced</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">to</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">three</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">years</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">in</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">jail</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK9q5rbVbzXI2kDeHK_b16CqS0oHPivM-LcPzal444wN0841YT3xxlZEh0RsiR_9ojmALTPAoSDch-NDDIuS35g1L6lyEu9-0uHW66uGa919swiYuY0JKvHAApJIk0N2pzzbVJVBqt6Xs/s640/1922_6_20-768x480.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="640" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK9q5rbVbzXI2kDeHK_b16CqS0oHPivM-LcPzal444wN0841YT3xxlZEh0RsiR_9ojmALTPAoSDch-NDDIuS35g1L6lyEu9-0uHW66uGa919swiYuY0JKvHAApJIk0N2pzzbVJVBqt6Xs/w400-h250/1922_6_20-768x480.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Papanastasiou (second from the left) at his trial
with the other arrested signees of the Democratic Manifesto.</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Papanastasiou
was sent to the island of Aigina. His dire prediction of defeat did come
true in Smyrna. He was released from prison after the revolution on September
11, 1922 initiated by Nikolaos Plastiras.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">On March 12, 1922, King Constantine was </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">banished but King George was brought back to the throne on September 27,
1922 amid a great deal of anti-monarchical sentiment. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Papanastasiou, always concerned to spread his message, started a
newspaper on 1923 called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Demokratia. </i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKzRcYW6bKNopcBrHnKXaQZv-iiTcPxZv52xzFJrTWphWjk5oOaoEfhXo_vqw0annhhixl2rTuEVFtAtktAnuQx-cjlWEEVJsaMgrjAMR0YVWzOuUgF7g3DaaP751u1TAXq4YvTDfN5gc/s499/330px-%25CE%2595%25CF%2586%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B1_%25CE%2594%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BA%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1_%2528%25CF%2580%25CF%2581%25CF%2589%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CF%2583%25CE%25AD%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B4%25CE%25BF%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="330" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKzRcYW6bKNopcBrHnKXaQZv-iiTcPxZv52xzFJrTWphWjk5oOaoEfhXo_vqw0annhhixl2rTuEVFtAtktAnuQx-cjlWEEVJsaMgrjAMR0YVWzOuUgF7g3DaaP751u1TAXq4YvTDfN5gc/w265-h400/330px-%25CE%2595%25CF%2586%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B1_%25CE%2594%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BA%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2584%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1_%2528%25CF%2580%25CF%2581%25CF%2589%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CF%2583%25CE%25AD%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B4%25CE%25BF%2529.jpg" width="265" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">It’s
headline reads, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The King Must Go</b></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Prime Minister for
135 Days </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1924, Papanastasiou ran for parliament as an independent
with the support of the Liberal Party, and formed a government in March of that
year. </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(4) </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">On March 25 he proclaimed Greece a republic.</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> It must have been a moment of great personal satisfaction for
Papanastasiou. He was finally at the head of what he believed was an ideal form
of government for the country. Less than a month later the voters approved by
plebiscite the abolition of the Monarchy by a margin of almost 70 percent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(The party of Panayis Tsaldaris which was
royalist, found cause to refuse the results of this plebiscite – something that
did not bode well for the future.) </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As prime minister, Papanastasiou officially recognized
the demotic form of the Greek language and founded the University of
Thessaloniki. He also cancelled all medals and decorations which had previously
been bestowed willy nilly and without merit.<span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYsRfHtUcMNgi1X6u5KYGbojLJ0t6FwmZDoLXlNNf6PJM9v-1do_iXPMUN2LQ_ekX2pz5UajkhJu8Yozcrf5sox7TbZwWcdXmzeTkLh0Owt7wDbJRS4UCLJyBd1Qv-7o8Q7r085btONGk/s577/statue+in+Thess.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="577" data-original-width="433" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYsRfHtUcMNgi1X6u5KYGbojLJ0t6FwmZDoLXlNNf6PJM9v-1do_iXPMUN2LQ_ekX2pz5UajkhJu8Yozcrf5sox7TbZwWcdXmzeTkLh0Owt7wDbJRS4UCLJyBd1Qv-7o8Q7r085btONGk/w300-h400/statue+in+Thess.webp" width="300" /></a></div><br /><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">His statue, executed by Ioannis
Pappas and erected on the grounds of the University of Thessaloniki in 1976,
commemorates the establishment of the university.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He holds the Democratic Manifesto in his left
hand</span></i>.<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 1926, Papanastasiou founded another
political party, The Democratic Union which was really the People’s Party under
a new name. From 1926 to 1928 he was Minister of Agriculture and, in that role,
was instrumental in the founding of The Agricultural Bank of Greece an
organization that would provide credit to the agricultural sector and enhance rural
development.</span><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Balkans for the
People of the Balkans:</span></b></p>
<p><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In
the late twenties, he was able to concentrate on an issue dear to his heart –the
improvement of relations among Balkan countries. The Balkan Wars and the Smyrna
catastrophe had shown what could happen when amicable relationships did not
exist. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Papanastasiou was so enthusiastic
about his Balkan proposals that in one speech he termed his concept the new
“Big Idea” (megali idea) a reference to the old <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Big Idea</i> of a Greater Greece which had died in the flames of Smyrna
in 1922. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He argument was sound: if
nothing changed, the Balkans would remain subject to the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>conflicting political aims of each country’s
leadership and subject to the whims and machinations of the European powers who
had been interfering in the Balkans on a regular basis ever since the collapse
of the Ottoman Empire. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He formally
proposed his Balkan plan at the World Congress of Peace in Athens and Delphi in
1929.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The First Balkan Conference was held in Athens from
October 5<sup>th</sup> to 12<sup>th</sup> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1930 under the aegis of the International Peace
Bureau. Its express aim was to identify and eliminate any <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">casus belli</i> that might arise. Regular yearly meetings of each country’s
foreign ministers were proposed as was the resolution of disputes by
conciliation, arbitration, or reference to the court at The Hague and, lastly,
the consideration of the situation of ethnic minorities in each member state
was also placed on the agenda.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This last
was insisted upon by Bulgaria but agreed to by all.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">More conferences were held, in Constantinople in
1931, in Bucharest in 1932, Thessaly in 1933, and many issues of common
interest were discussed. All this led to a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Balkan
Pact</b> being signed on February 8, 1934 in Athens, although only four Balkan
countries actually signed: Turkey, Romania, Greece, and Yugoslavia. Two of the issues
agreed upon were to respect existing borders, to respect international law, and
to avoid hostile military activity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ominously, Bulgaria and Albania abstained.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtkmf9kUZOd4Qcd94kg2VKxqGwY0zcOImEbjuK3ZCZLspv3ooNXPFCsIG1DSUSYlNHjxbdA4B5FXtJcjuJeY7EaTcI6iw15W-2JnIuG-De6AjTFCEmdP_-DLqrXR2wcaLF9A5ZBbFRf_4/s309/indexbre.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="163" data-original-width="309" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtkmf9kUZOd4Qcd94kg2VKxqGwY0zcOImEbjuK3ZCZLspv3ooNXPFCsIG1DSUSYlNHjxbdA4B5FXtJcjuJeY7EaTcI6iw15W-2JnIuG-De6AjTFCEmdP_-DLqrXR2wcaLF9A5ZBbFRf_4/w400-h211/indexbre.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Bulgaria and Albania abstained...</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Why did nothing come of it?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There were many reasons. Each Balkan State had come
to the table with a different perspective on what could or should be achieved. Newly
created Yugoslavia was apparently most interested in economic possibilities including
a negotiated corridor to the Mediterranean via Thessaloniki, Romania was concerned
with the importance of cultural ties, and Bulgaria was concerned about
protecting its minorities in Romania and western Thrace – and wanted a corridor
to the Aegean. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then, the resolutions
made at these conferences did not bind their governments to accept them. Venizelos
ever the pragmatist, was not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">against</i>
the conferences but, unlike Papanastasiou was cautious as to what could be
achieved. He was critical of the 1934 pact and thought it might even be both dangerous
and not in Greece’s interests. He preferred bi-lateral agreements with other
heads of state. Papanastasiou, on the other hand, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>favoured agreements <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pan - Balkan character. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Regardless of who was right or wrong, the
Balkan Pact never really got off the ground although Romania did commemorate it
with a stamp.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the thirties, each Balkan State retreated into
its own brand of political chaos. Greece became a battleground between the
royalists and Venizelists which was temporarily resolved by the coup d’ état of
March 1<sup>st</sup> 1935. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Papanastasiou
had tried to mediate but failed. His proposal had been a government of national
unity to avoid a civil war similar to the civil wars that had destroyed
Hellenism in ancient times. He reiterated his belief that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">above all the parties and any person is Greece; its future and the life
of its people.</i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Brave words, futile in the climate of 1936, and horribly
prophetic too.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Elections which followed the revolution on Oct
10 1935 resulted in the return of the king on Nov 25 of the same year. Then on
August 4, 1936, the king invited Ioannis Metaxas to be prime minister although
he had won only a small percentage of the vote. The dictatorship of Metaxas
began. <span style="color: red;">(5)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Papanastasiou was placed under house arrest because
he refused to accept the Metaxas dictatorship with these words:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The freedom that
was given to us by our fathers, shedding rivers of blood, must not tolerate now
Metaxas and the king who have deprived us of our freedom making us slaves and
we shall sit calmly by and not fight against this tyranny?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I cannot. I cannot bear it. With every ounce
of strength I will not stop fighting them.</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></i></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnch1MI8YrrrsYxyS7ZWPquODCyljQCdEfSAT5Due9MbtElB9woGzRBSxhfRQwfMaetWtAuJ3KS0PWQewXWHA-tP-DpXCKdia4Z1w145Evyse7y4Qab1nfQkR18u8whO5zIdp3XdnO6Xs/s314/index.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="161" data-original-width="314" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnch1MI8YrrrsYxyS7ZWPquODCyljQCdEfSAT5Due9MbtElB9woGzRBSxhfRQwfMaetWtAuJ3KS0PWQewXWHA-tP-DpXCKdia4Z1w145Evyse7y4Qab1nfQkR18u8whO5zIdp3XdnO6Xs/w640-h328/index.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /> </span></i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Metaxas Dictatorship had distinct German overtones...</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Papathanasiou died of a heart attack on November
16, 1936 while still under house arrest and irony of ironies, Metaxas, wanted
to have him buried with the honours of a Prime Minister and at public expense.
The very people who had betrayed his ideals were prepared to bury him (and his
ideas) with honours! His sister refused at first - until Metaxas threatened that
if she did not accept, she would be the only person allowed at his burial.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Summary</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Papanastasiou could be forgiven if he died, like
Keats, believing that his name was ‘writ in water’. He did not live to see his
ideal state or Balkan solidarity and it is hard to imagine what he would have
made of the Greek civil war, the cold war, and the present relationships
between Balkan states. Perhaps it is better that he did not know. Greece has
not been kind to its political idealists. I am thinking of<a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2020/09/grigoris-lambrakis.html"> Giorgios Lambrakis</a>,
for example, but their courage, and liberal principles have remained a beacon
for many. He never gave up and, in my opinion, died a hero, a martyr to his
cause of creating a better way of life for his people. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Afterword: </span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There is a museum
dedicated to Papanastasiou in Levidia in Arcadia. Among other exhibits, his
brain is exhibited floating in some sort of preservative. I am not sure why that
was considered a good idea, but the same fate awaited Einstein so he is in good
company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The exhibit below is more edifying than the brain...<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5lCClbCGdk6jVL2xuInKs8IYPOZlKGFV-V5ddohE8CFA-hOu7g4_K07NWMhxf3qHPQuvTEXlzZOVkyph5nsG0PBySEl3ykGytwFDzH2MgDEtOV8_2EHwFS9ek6bRyYRGkKLbx2N3avkU/s512/unnamed.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="341" data-original-width="512" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5lCClbCGdk6jVL2xuInKs8IYPOZlKGFV-V5ddohE8CFA-hOu7g4_K07NWMhxf3qHPQuvTEXlzZOVkyph5nsG0PBySEl3ykGytwFDzH2MgDEtOV8_2EHwFS9ek6bRyYRGkKLbx2N3avkU/w400-h266/unnamed.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p><br /> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAWRcXjXlzGFmo__wGQX8DFRzjgfYh7lgruB_3x9nrxu5fOIPSLxAo00giCbUrS5CWrxwQUD1EhLbqtIz01RwUdi7YHn75U53pgRml4P7suAmNmlZIohnBCTbMJmiykWCLsSd1UippcVE/s2048/029+pappastanasioy.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAWRcXjXlzGFmo__wGQX8DFRzjgfYh7lgruB_3x9nrxu5fOIPSLxAo00giCbUrS5CWrxwQUD1EhLbqtIz01RwUdi7YHn75U53pgRml4P7suAmNmlZIohnBCTbMJmiykWCLsSd1UippcVE/w400-h300/029+pappastanasioy.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Plaza Number 39</span></b><br /><p></p><p> </p><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Map</span></b> <br /></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxZdAuTk2p90QthAcrlvprEgurS25gwDgqm7ebyUKhJZzv1HW8yEnECMaKYuYK0x7w-aKphaRNMZJ-FbeiNXyskkoVmhdJI_1gLlDhAG31tG2nGvn7htMpGTwm8jZJG_wZasGwtPdMcLk/s2029/map+at+entrance+-+papanastasiou.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2029" data-original-width="1569" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxZdAuTk2p90QthAcrlvprEgurS25gwDgqm7ebyUKhJZzv1HW8yEnECMaKYuYK0x7w-aKphaRNMZJ-FbeiNXyskkoVmhdJI_1gLlDhAG31tG2nGvn7htMpGTwm8jZJG_wZasGwtPdMcLk/w494-h640/map+at+entrance+-+papanastasiou.JPG" width="494" /></a></span></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /> </span></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Footnotes <br /></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">(1)</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His colleagues were Constantinos
Triantafyllopoulos, Alexandras Mylonas and Panagiotis Aravantinos.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(2)</span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ironically, after the land <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">was </i>redistributed.
Many of the new owners became conservatives!<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(3)</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The struggle between royalists and
republicans was a hallmark of the era and destabilized so many efforts. It was always
bubbling under the surface. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(4)</span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He also served as prime minister for a few days in 1932. Many of his
colleagues, like himself, were educated in Germany and imbued with the ideas of
social democracy. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(5)</b> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It was this
power of the king that had been a bone of contention throughout the monarchy –
that he could choose a prime minister who had received very little public
support but who could be counted on to support the monarchy.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sources in English</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">For Balkan Pact: </span><a href="https://www.istorikathemata.com/2018/08/conferences-for-creation-of-federation.html"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://www.istorikathemata.com/2018/08/conferences-for-creation-of-federation.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-59685322286033223562021-04-08T05:35:00.006-07:002023-07-08T03:17:21.073-07:00Alexandros Rizos Rangavis<p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Alexandros Rizos Rangavis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Α</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">ΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ ΡΙΖΟΣ
ΡΑΓΚΑΒΗΣ</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Born 1809 in Constantinople<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died 1892 in Athens</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIJDormNnSDttvtB24tTe-EOhDnTEuodb3hsM-a4ffLSC3mQ9ShnspfdNF6caehN4RcFsZw5pv7aha-e-TdlueSr8TG3daahkx7aXo8P3kshHA-y2-Xpc4TfxRgfTgtbVdr4chlEAQb3g/s2048/rangavas+-+Copy.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIJDormNnSDttvtB24tTe-EOhDnTEuodb3hsM-a4ffLSC3mQ9ShnspfdNF6caehN4RcFsZw5pv7aha-e-TdlueSr8TG3daahkx7aXo8P3kshHA-y2-Xpc4TfxRgfTgtbVdr4chlEAQb3g/w640-h480/rangavas+-+Copy.JPG" width="640" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Section One, Number 378</span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">If the founding of the nation was the heritage of the
revolutionary fighters, the organization, basis, and ideology was the job of the
inheritors. (1)</span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Alexandros<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rizos Rangavis
was a man of letters, a romantic poet of the First Athenian School of poets, a
prose writer, a novelist, a professor, an archaeologist, and a diplomat</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> (2)</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">So begins one of the many essays and
panegyrics dedicated to this aristocratic and versatile writer who seemed to
have had his finger in every cultural pie since his arrival in Greece in 1830.
This is no doubt down to his own prodigious talent, but birth and the
circumstances of the nascent Greek state provided him with the two essential
ingredients for success: connections and opportunity. His connection to the
Soutsos family was key but what really strikes me about Greece in the 1830s and
on is how open it was to enthusiastic newcomers and how easy it was for someone
of his class to work his way into the fabric of the civil service, academia,
and diplomacy. You get the sense that, for people like Rangavis, Greece was an
exhilarating experiment, - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a cultural petri
dish where history, mythology, politics and literature could be mixed together,
energized by their enthusiasm, and a coherent nation would magically coalesce.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">If it did not always turn out that
way, it was not for want of trying. </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYq5QQ-QcaOYZwAGdaeSXwl-_GwR80ujb1FbBOsrqyv921Ro5oP-rQ0gDvTRQ0XbbDoAlkym3XoPz7A6A7cEZf5hftp8OmDIExwVqMWy_TCDbLw_BULuxep-Gv9smoQSBRWCau5UP96Lk/s300/Rhankaves_01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="251" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYq5QQ-QcaOYZwAGdaeSXwl-_GwR80ujb1FbBOsrqyv921Ro5oP-rQ0gDvTRQ0XbbDoAlkym3XoPz7A6A7cEZf5hftp8OmDIExwVqMWy_TCDbLw_BULuxep-Gv9smoQSBRWCau5UP96Lk/w335-h400/Rhankaves_01.jpg" width="335" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Alexandros Rizos Rangavis</span></i></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">His Life: 1809 to 1844</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Εκ</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">καταγώγης</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ειμι</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Φαναριωτής</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(By birth I am a
Phanariot)</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Alexandros
was born in Constantinople to Lakovos Rizos Rangavis and Zoe Lapithi, whose
father dealt in precious stones. He was part of a wealthy and well connected family.
Alexandros would spend his childhood years in comfort, most often in the
Principality of Moldavia because his father worked for their cousin Alexandros Soutsos
whose family had a history of leadership in the principalities. (3) Alexandros’
father was himself a man of letters who had translated many European works into
Greek. As a child he had the best tutors at home and was exposed to the
cultural life of Bucharest which offered plays in Greek and hosted works of the
European Enlightenment at a time when Greek children in Athens had virtually no
exposure to culture at all. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The idyll for
princely Phanariots in the principalities came to an abrupt end in 1821 when
Alexander Ipsilantis, another Phanariot - with the knowledge of Michael Soutsos,
prince of Moldavia - invaded the principality as the first step in the Greek Revolution against
the Ottomans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Porte had been dependent
for centuries on Greek Phanariot civil servants but they never fully trusted
this wealthy class that they had created in Constantinople to service their
empire. In 1821, retaliation was swift and The Soutsos and the Rangavis family
fled for their lives. The Rangavis clan settled in Odessa in Russia where there
was already a large Greek community in residence and Alexandros was able to
benefit from excellent tutors until he left for Munich to study at the Royal
Military School there. His object was to become an officer and then head for
Greece to help in the revolution.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A Civil Servant is Born</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He spent
four years in Germany and, along with the military training, was very much influenced
by German romanticism. He graduated in 1829 as a second lieutenant in the
artillery and, in 1930, came to Nauplio, then Greece’s capital, to do his bit.
He was too late for the fighting; that phase was over although Athens was still
under Turkish control, so his army stint ended after three months at which
point he sought work in the civil service, a career that would not interfere
with his ambitions to be a writer. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In the winter of 1831-2, Rangavis got
his first ever glimpse of fabled Athens</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">. He was on the Greek committee which had gone there from
Nauplio to finalize its annexation to Greece. It must have been a shock – so
provincial and tiny to have generated such a glorious history.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhygFz7VILqb6FA8yONZ4Y1OobFGbJmm7uRe5iaAMObwFJxPFpDx_eaKMUffoIphRs8Z3JOLCgofWjB46zm4hdO8_LE1RBRk62dFRI8_YPiqaztfW6lHLF8Gm38uy395YKo-TyTnvKi5xk/s640/19thCenturyAthens+1810+by+Richard+temple.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="390" data-original-width="640" height="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhygFz7VILqb6FA8yONZ4Y1OobFGbJmm7uRe5iaAMObwFJxPFpDx_eaKMUffoIphRs8Z3JOLCgofWjB46zm4hdO8_LE1RBRk62dFRI8_YPiqaztfW6lHLF8Gm38uy395YKo-TyTnvKi5xk/w640-h390/19thCenturyAthens+1810+by+Richard+temple.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Athens in 1810 by
Richard Temple before the devastation caused by the Greek Revolution. The
Thisseon is on the far right and the columns from the Temple of Zeus on the far
left. It could not even fill the walls built by the Ottomans in 1778.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Alexandros
remained in Nauplio as an advisor to the Department of Education establishing
the rules and curricula for middle schools and the proposed university. The
rest of his family moved to Athens in 1833; he followed in 1834 in time to
attend the marriage of his sister to count Adolpho Rozen. Although much is made
of the fact that Greece had a king but no aristocratic court, the Phanariots
with their venerable family names (many tracing back to Byzantine emperors),
their money, and their ties to the princes in Moldavia and Wallachia, were
happy to fill the ‘aristocracy gap’ and most lost no opportunity to display their
families’ coats of arms to prove their exalted lineage.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbX2ZGAq60nLyqHkmVoyWracvt_v6GVGFu1ezCiiEWZYksTI179_q3Ut8Bx7PbfGnbF8CgvEAJlily4Hm-icVU7-aAxTdOP1FkJIQKhM0kgfRPlWGbVRTJ0-kRPBjQ831vU10dg-3CjuU/s380/5b3b82b28969da03a90622d2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="253" data-original-width="380" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbX2ZGAq60nLyqHkmVoyWracvt_v6GVGFu1ezCiiEWZYksTI179_q3Ut8Bx7PbfGnbF8CgvEAJlily4Hm-icVU7-aAxTdOP1FkJIQKhM0kgfRPlWGbVRTJ0-kRPBjQ831vU10dg-3CjuU/w400-h266/5b3b82b28969da03a90622d2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Coat of Arms of the
Rizos Family. There is a reason why so many Greeks have double barreled last
names: to show their ancestry. The crest of the Rizos family appears on Alexandros’grave
in the First Cemetery.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">1836 was a
good year for Rangavis. He was put in charge of the committee responsible for producing
school texts and, in the same year, was instrumental in the founding of the Athenian
Archaeological Society, which is still going strong today. Its founding is
worth a small digression because it offers an insight into how the elite
functioned in Athens at that time. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Rangavis and Founding
of the Athens Archaeological Society</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmQzk5_i0XToHo-bud4scx3TibtGgVFwYYKWxuKHpApdna3EhCZHZ5DbI26LlGG2dUH3pmSbk1bcWaI3xRYeccF4nPybe6DBo7yP2E-PnXh-IGoXbhU7eddORIiAtDQaNMmdkTH5YPLZc/s800/logo-full.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="203" data-original-width="800" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmQzk5_i0XToHo-bud4scx3TibtGgVFwYYKWxuKHpApdna3EhCZHZ5DbI26LlGG2dUH3pmSbk1bcWaI3xRYeccF4nPybe6DBo7yP2E-PnXh-IGoXbhU7eddORIiAtDQaNMmdkTH5YPLZc/w640-h162/logo-full.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">As one historian
noted, in 1836 Athens was a village that wanted to be a city. But it was
growing far too fast for those who wanted to preserve its all important past. The
classical Greek world was the very basis of the ideology of the new state and a
concept that resonated sympathetically with European attitudes towards the new
country. It would not do to have bits of that legacy disappearing piecemeal
into the buildings being erected everywhere at the time. The preservation of
any but the major archaeological sites had hardly even begun by the government which
was overwhelmed with so many issues. Ancient sites were in ruins and prey to
the constant depredations of enterprising stone masons. Something had to be
done by leading citizens to help the government. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix93LmCwEu-SlAmbxvHYvhuVkSN_0TBVTlvzDmy0Uzybmta1W7CJiTyENXT_gTX9MQzHKxl6fFN-wpVU-kz2LpVHp5PJcBpRygcklh_M6_KXMcjxjyjn3IEQ3wqNInPZO67l48Bm0FY6A/s1500/propylaia+1830.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1238" data-original-width="1500" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix93LmCwEu-SlAmbxvHYvhuVkSN_0TBVTlvzDmy0Uzybmta1W7CJiTyENXT_gTX9MQzHKxl6fFN-wpVU-kz2LpVHp5PJcBpRygcklh_M6_KXMcjxjyjn3IEQ3wqNInPZO67l48Bm0FY6A/w400-h330/propylaia+1830.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The propylaia of the
Acropolis in 1830. Note the bars. The tower was used as a jail.</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5Tlhi7OySdB1tyFD2YR4-crUtPw6250_pTvaKkU3o43aZEIeVQypUKU1Jl3doBdAhuVBivI565_WN4yF-5NnOXr4gluFxZUU7dtM-Oliot5G41xtPAdnAnsyjJhhlj2ZypjboyZI58ms/s1100/tx140_P2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="588" data-original-width="1100" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5Tlhi7OySdB1tyFD2YR4-crUtPw6250_pTvaKkU3o43aZEIeVQypUKU1Jl3doBdAhuVBivI565_WN4yF-5NnOXr4gluFxZUU7dtM-Oliot5G41xtPAdnAnsyjJhhlj2ZypjboyZI58ms/w400-h214/tx140_P2.jpg" width="400" /></a></i></div><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Tower of the Winds
with Elgin’s clock- on the left: donated in 1814- to make up for his theft of
the Parthenon marbles</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A solution came
in the persons of visiting Baron Constantinos Vellios of Vienna (4) and
Kyriakos Pittakis, then director of the new Government Archaeological service
in Athens. They proposed a private society which would reinforce government
efforts and presented their idea to the Ministry of Education where Rangavis
was working. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was well received and Rangavis
himself prepared the founding documents which were signed on Jan 6, 1837. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Vellios
described that day in his diary and mentioned that, after signing, they took a
stroll to meet poet Panayiotis Soutsos who signed, met the Austrian Consul who
signed on the spot, met Rangavis’ father, Lakovos, who signed, and then
politician Nikolaos Theocharis who added his name to the list as well. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just like that. What a wonderfully small town Athens
was back then! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The entire elite of
Athens became enthusiastic members. The Society would have annual meetings,
fees, publications, and a close liaison with the curator of artifacts. All artifacts
found under their aegis would go to the Greek state. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVXURx43ZY7r_lBQKvZ1Bb48wfdTIHUQwuKmD21L_-XsO1USapFOV05ahbxuAkedCUH9OP4LxOvUZ3JDv2tHOyzSnpRWg4x0C7ZHVFCc-tlPj_YnXvizE0WVg7OYQhrYKHkp5cU9mGN80/s852/cfd.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="852" height="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVXURx43ZY7r_lBQKvZ1Bb48wfdTIHUQwuKmD21L_-XsO1USapFOV05ahbxuAkedCUH9OP4LxOvUZ3JDv2tHOyzSnpRWg4x0C7ZHVFCc-tlPj_YnXvizE0WVg7OYQhrYKHkp5cU9mGN80/w640-h390/cfd.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /> </span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1842 when this early
photograph was taken, the state of the Parthenon and propylaia was still
precarious.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1841, Rangavis
married <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Caroline Skene,</b> a Scottish
woman whose father was a man of letters and a friend of romantic poet Sir
Walter Scott. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Skene had brought his
family to Athens for its healthy climate and the couple met.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Rangavis was
then transferred to the Ministry of the Interior where his brief was large: to
tackle the problem of brigandage - a huge issue at the time, to assist in
draining Greece’s malarial swamps, and to prepare for the introduction of a
railway system. There seemed to be nothing this young civil servant could not
tackle.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">1844: The Professor...</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Home grown
Greeks had become tired of the wealthy and more educated Greek outsiders who came
into the new state. Many native born freedom fighters and others less well
connected, regarded this new elite as not much better than carpetbaggers, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>taking all of the important government
positions with little concern for the problems facing the native population. It
was a reaction that was bound to happen and it all came to a head in 1844 when a
law was passed denying civil service posts to anyone born outside the
boundaries of the new state.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Rangavis suddenly
found himself without a job, - but not without resources. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2016/09/ioannis-kolettis.html">IoannisKolletis</a> had just become Prime Minister and Rangavis had been one of his
supporters. Kolletis arranged a royal decree to be issued making Rangavis a professor
of Archaeology at the University of Athens. Just like that. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">It was a
post which he would hold until 1867 and during that period he would contribute
greatly to the field. During this period, he entered parliament (from 1856-9) as
the university’s own representative – a seat in government that was considered
vital at the time. Nor was it merely honorary: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>during his stay in parliament, he served as
Greece’s Minister of Foreign Affairs. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">As a Writer </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Throughout
his youth <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and</i> as a careerist, Rangavis
was a prolific writer, publishing in Greek periodicals such as the<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Iris</i> which began in 1834 and in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Evterpis</i> (</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">Ευτέρπης</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">) a periodical published by an old school
friend, Grigorios Kambouroglou.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(5)</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcmJPR0H19VL171WjrEbSPDlQLTf03JvP90H4y5x5mR7EFA-mlr_eClVn9BFCf0xR9vfvWTDhO9gT_MuVx78hu0pnDzgDtly4Gzp4be6s3GxI2rS72GU__f-QgTAXyhAmPxPCqokbh4Ng/s260/eyt_1sep1848.pdf.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="260" data-original-width="178" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcmJPR0H19VL171WjrEbSPDlQLTf03JvP90H4y5x5mR7EFA-mlr_eClVn9BFCf0xR9vfvWTDhO9gT_MuVx78hu0pnDzgDtly4Gzp4be6s3GxI2rS72GU__f-QgTAXyhAmPxPCqokbh4Ng/w274-h400/eyt_1sep1848.pdf.jpg" width="274" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1847, he wrote
a political comedy <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Koutroulis’ Wedding </i>which
satirized, among other things, the Greek slavish deference to all things
foreign, the power of vested interests, corruption and bribery – all problems
as easily recognized then as now. The play was considered topical enough for
the Greek National Theatre to produce it in 2012. Political satire has had a
long and popular history in Greece and human nature has not changed much since
Rangavis’ day.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_hz05PEI0X1DliI1GhCZuudFDJhcgZ_K7vleQ4Q1t9l-mIv6tmxD-PFHsSgSzoxMg-lo2BhbVHhyRt2-iro6olt509aqfhjI17fRGc2Wp9xTqBeC9eiucFz-EznZlkiSbwi-txRH96x4/s640/bkoutroulis+wedding+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="425" data-original-width="640" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_hz05PEI0X1DliI1GhCZuudFDJhcgZ_K7vleQ4Q1t9l-mIv6tmxD-PFHsSgSzoxMg-lo2BhbVHhyRt2-iro6olt509aqfhjI17fRGc2Wp9xTqBeC9eiucFz-EznZlkiSbwi-txRH96x4/w400-h265/bkoutroulis+wedding+2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A scene from the 2012
production of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Koutroulis’ Wedding’</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Rangavis
wrote prolifically in newspapers and journals, -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on antiquities, on literature – on just about
everything (6) He was a novelist as well, writing<i> The Notary of Argostoli</i> in
1855, a potboiler of intrigue, love and murder –one of the earliest examples of
crime fiction in Greece.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc-HUEpq27GxEfUdSyyTbtLZTOGDfY8y5RL80nro8lW-4nL_7CJlaDd4pRamWCH3kTJBHLIACB17vIgfXntNHb6kZSrjR05TvnG0ssawwN03hi7Rqf_uh3Fm6zFo6Bgz75voJEAQQCT2k/s436/the_notary.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="275" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc-HUEpq27GxEfUdSyyTbtLZTOGDfY8y5RL80nro8lW-4nL_7CJlaDd4pRamWCH3kTJBHLIACB17vIgfXntNHb6kZSrjR05TvnG0ssawwN03hi7Rqf_uh3Fm6zFo6Bgz75voJEAQQCT2k/w253-h400/the_notary.jpg" width="253" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Still popular and
available in English</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">His work was
recognized abroad as well. In 1850 he became a member the London Literary
Society. Perhaps it was as a poet he would have liked to be remembered; he was
a member of the so called First Athenian School of writers, but he is not so read
today because he chose to write in katharevousa (7), the purist language first proposed
by Adamantios Korais, supported for decades by the elite in Athens, and
championed by the First Athenian School. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Katharevousa was already being phased out in
poetry and literature and replaced by demotic Greek by the time he died in
1892.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">As a Diplomat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>....</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1867
Rangavis resigned from the university and became a full time diplomat. He
became the first Greek Ambassador to the United States just after the Lincoln
Assassination. His brief was to gain American support for Cretan independence.
In this he did not succeed because of the Munroe Doctrine, but he took a lively
interest in America and wrote about his stay. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB_fxOYNgQ4zJsSMCV_YG5DqneVwjRTsmOPYRxIe3_BXiGWK_37iDI0ffh846rbPp84sbjIqnxF_pStG6LUgncSJ0v_kRwHxtmswrW49bFg6_EjkdU8zoYuWViVEP7d-FvrhIBcwnWNVM/s1288/hpa2-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1288" data-original-width="960" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB_fxOYNgQ4zJsSMCV_YG5DqneVwjRTsmOPYRxIe3_BXiGWK_37iDI0ffh846rbPp84sbjIqnxF_pStG6LUgncSJ0v_kRwHxtmswrW49bFg6_EjkdU8zoYuWViVEP7d-FvrhIBcwnWNVM/s320/hpa2-1.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This book is still
available</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He attended
the impeachment hearings against President Andrew Johnson with interest,
expressed sympathy for the plight of native Americans, and even met Charles
Dickens who was travelling in the United States at the time. He travelled as far
afield as Chicago and Niagara Falls. It is an important document of the era. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Rangavis subsequently
served in the embassies in Constantinople in 1869, Paris in 1871, and Berlin in
1874.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghhtSrKe8UrE0WF-aXkqlyZ58dRpjjIF2zUzcWaSzD_ABEo2HY2RIyqya0nXF1Ci-znEqcpc5NeXgVNjcwRmlXS9KCdGcWHqTXR5Q7fkpJ7orKph9-jdtugYDhQLZIVDUDoP1dcC1t8sw/s320/Rangavis+in+Berlin.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="235" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghhtSrKe8UrE0WF-aXkqlyZ58dRpjjIF2zUzcWaSzD_ABEo2HY2RIyqya0nXF1Ci-znEqcpc5NeXgVNjcwRmlXS9KCdGcWHqTXR5Q7fkpJ7orKph9-jdtugYDhQLZIVDUDoP1dcC1t8sw/w212-h288/Rangavis+in+Berlin.jpg" width="212" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rangavis in Berlin</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He returned
to Athens in 1874 to write his memoires of an amazing life. They were published
after his death in 1894. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He and his
wife had 10 children. Caroline died in 1878.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He died at
home in 1892.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Summary</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Alexandros Rangavis
began his life as a privileged Phanariot and then dedicated his life to the
betterment of the Greek state. He was a true renaissance man and dominated the
Athenian scene, one way or another, for over 60 years. His ubiquity struck me
so strongly, that this little ditty just wrote itself as I was working on this
entry: </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Rangavis, the Polymath</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Rangavis, a diplomat, a star in rhyme
or prose</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A clever quick change artist who
could take on any pose</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">And baffle all who gloss him; cause
it seems no matter where</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">You check his era’s history, Rangavis
was there!</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Rangavis,
Rangavis!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is no other of his kind.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Math, and education might occupy his
mind,</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Then treaties and then
artifacts:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>his skill beyond compare.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Check papers of the era and - Rangavis
was there!</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He lurks in periodicals and books on
all affairs.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Katharevousa his chosen form - alas
it’s now so rare,</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">But look in any bookstore’: and
Rangavis is there!</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(Apologies to T.S. Eliot)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">His Grave</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9r77Z7Z2ZGnzAnKBj-7fLIx2o_fvJDwa26sTQ4B-kBWU1GDWm5-74otRLXHPjytAm2tkOuPuBolbQ9_LBodSmPAhZYE7kzprKdOkX4XC3jivGgM7mGSKMQW6jKdnNx-xwYifPgLCMvdE/s2048/rangavas+-+Copy.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="118" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9r77Z7Z2ZGnzAnKBj-7fLIx2o_fvJDwa26sTQ4B-kBWU1GDWm5-74otRLXHPjytAm2tkOuPuBolbQ9_LBodSmPAhZYE7kzprKdOkX4XC3jivGgM7mGSKMQW6jKdnNx-xwYifPgLCMvdE/w157-h118/rangavas+-+Copy.JPG" width="157" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Section One, Number 378</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">This family grave
is rather austere, carved by the Malakates brothers and executed in what Filia
and I call, for want of the proper technical term, a kind of soapy marble that
is the hallmark of many old graves in the cemetery.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig-1nImFkgOYZy6UzLqlEtGLIE1vxLQPjbdxVhbH6wXX1RHFrVK51jlnTSj5xiT2wBgJoWAG9lsdVSGrJUo-usIocXGdE1V-iCQ07akzjXiXRa1UAOeMCorFcNhDx3FDO4WLnTJg_jbrM/s2048/map+at+entrance+Rangavis.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1546" height="349" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig-1nImFkgOYZy6UzLqlEtGLIE1vxLQPjbdxVhbH6wXX1RHFrVK51jlnTSj5xiT2wBgJoWAG9lsdVSGrJUo-usIocXGdE1V-iCQ07akzjXiXRa1UAOeMCorFcNhDx3FDO4WLnTJg_jbrM/w264-h349/map+at+entrance+Rangavis.JPG" width="264" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> </span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(1)_Google:
docplayer.gr/11243927 for a PDF on Rangavis. The quote appears on page 16.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(2) From the
introduction in </span><a href="https://homouniversalisgr.blogspot.com/2018/12/27-1809-16-1892.html"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">https://homouniversalisgr.blogspot.com/2018/12/27-1809-16-1892.html</span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">This site
lists many of his publication in Chronological order and several of his poems.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(3)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>For the strange story of the
Phanariots, see </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phanariots"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phanariots</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> . These Ottoman civil servants were
privileged on the one hand but vulnerable too. It seems odd, but you could be a
Greek prince in the Ottoman territories of Moldavia and Wallachia, yet still
lose your head on a Sultan’s whim. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(4) Constantinos
Vellios of Vienna was yet another of Greece’s great benefactors. </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(5)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Grigorios Kambouroglou </b>was the son of
Dimitrios, the famous chronicler of Athens. He had been Rangavis’ school mate
in Odessa as was Greek historian Constantinos Papparigopoulos. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a small world!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(6)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>He is perhaps most read today for his<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hellenic Antiquities </i>(1842-55), his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">History of Modern Greek Literature</i> (1877)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Archaeological
Lexicon</i> (1888-91). This latter was vital for archaeology in Greece because
there were no Greek technical terms for the science. His novels were popular<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">: The Notary of Argostoli,</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Prince of the Morea</i>, and his plays,
such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ducas</i>, The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">30 Tyrants,</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Eve</i> and his translations of the likes of Dante,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Goethe, and Shakespeare. His curiosity and
interests were boundless. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(7) Katharevousa
owes its existence to efforts to “purify” the language of foreign elements and
to systematize its </span><a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/morphology"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">morphology</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> by using ancient Greek roots and
much classical inflection. It is exemplified in the classical odes, hymns,
ballads, narrative poems, tragedies, and comedies of Rangavís. Many katharevousa
elements have been incorporated into demotic, and today the two varieties have
merged to form the language spoken and written today. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-29605203202563541662021-03-22T08:17:00.002-07:002021-03-22T08:22:58.562-07:00Dimitrios Eginitis, Astronomer<p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Dimitrios Eginitis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EL;">ΑΙΓΙΝΗΤΗΣ</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Born 1862 in Athens<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died 1934 in Athens</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjllIi__48FjzsaB0Bs5uuEWZT4eQ3u5-TWnyR7DDvjwT12bcFH8ttY5mVuruo01gfddy2RkfCPND3wT-pr5DZt6USmYSE5dom8ppj8cI60YcLxmXLuQE9cj6D4iGn21W4Pd6Xw9vVfa7Y/s2048/016+-+Copy.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjllIi__48FjzsaB0Bs5uuEWZT4eQ3u5-TWnyR7DDvjwT12bcFH8ttY5mVuruo01gfddy2RkfCPND3wT-pr5DZt6USmYSE5dom8ppj8cI60YcLxmXLuQE9cj6D4iGn21W4Pd6Xw9vVfa7Y/w480-h640/016+-+Copy.JPG" width="480" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Plaza, Number 23</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In an area of impressive funeral
monuments, the one of Dimitrios Eginitis stands out because of its sheer size, classical
elegance, and simplicity. Over the door, there is bas relief of a reclining angel
resting on an hourglass, and a star emanating rays of light in the upper left
hand corner, all well known funereal representations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An attractive narrow frieze above that would
not be out of place on an early Christian tomb: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhubP3QdAOxKEOoJAAjZoz4s6K6PDdsI7wleoreZ5k5Pz2v-9OC7tSra0NhFY4jie0PvC9cSkFCFLTUsMCsBhQl0nLI8Ege0NRQeKb2039owyxQpx4HNdEA5OISDyfVBXc-uq-kSNpu9dI/s1861/017+-+Copy+-+Copy.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="191" data-original-width="1861" height="66" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhubP3QdAOxKEOoJAAjZoz4s6K6PDdsI7wleoreZ5k5Pz2v-9OC7tSra0NhFY4jie0PvC9cSkFCFLTUsMCsBhQl0nLI8Ege0NRQeKb2039owyxQpx4HNdEA5OISDyfVBXc-uq-kSNpu9dI/w640-h66/017+-+Copy+-+Copy.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Freize</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">But what caught my attention were the
three words etched on the south side of the monument: </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcQP-6ogHmekexnK1LGWg-ci50IqUdo2BkWscLeZd4I9C_Nmc_4VMy6ydbcvfwzpH_NSfSGHIwTF8p-IXCBgj7LuAYfAIo2HZacBns29CApWzhCVTtM7h25FhbxL1Nm3mUmzooUSV8bz8/s2048/AIGINITIS+-+Copy.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1705" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcQP-6ogHmekexnK1LGWg-ci50IqUdo2BkWscLeZd4I9C_Nmc_4VMy6ydbcvfwzpH_NSfSGHIwTF8p-IXCBgj7LuAYfAIo2HZacBns29CApWzhCVTtM7h25FhbxL1Nm3mUmzooUSV8bz8/s320/AIGINITIS+-+Copy.JPG" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">RELIGION<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ASTRONOMY<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>EDUCATION</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">It seemed like an odd triad because,
although astronomy and education go together and religion and education do go
together in Greece, in today’s world astronomy and religion are not often a good
fit. The combination became clearer as we investigated the life of Dimitrios
Eginitis who was one of Greece’s most eminent astronomers and director of the
National Observatory of Athens for 44 years.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">During that period, he updated
equipment, made stellar observations, founded observatories, and set up Greece’s
Meteorological and Geodynamic (seismological) Departments under the aegis of
the National Observatory of Athens. He was so well versed in French, German,
and English, that he was often chosen to represent Greece at international
conferences that had nothing to do with his specialization. And during a stint
as Greece’s Minister of Education and Religion, he presided over the founding
of the Academy of Athens, an august institution that had been a very long time in
the making. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Eginitis was also instrumental in
placing the entire country in the Eastern European time zone and, even more
importantly, introducing the Gregorian Calendar to Greece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was thanks to him that, in 1923, we lost
13 days in February (something I would be delighted to do more often) and, in doing
so, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>synchronized <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Greece’s calendars with the rest of the world. </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6towqBL-wBdhPtwiWF4dyHFsS0TJI3bHJrwNYn_86CS8DVLpPEXGlC0NcpdtOKKSIuDjKQ2MMWVmle8kz2Ka1dNzMD4xjauTosUV58UOUXkczTrbOATUdOJ_AOXvLTGtNodb1AzWswrQ/s543/Dimitrios_Aiginitis.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="453" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6towqBL-wBdhPtwiWF4dyHFsS0TJI3bHJrwNYn_86CS8DVLpPEXGlC0NcpdtOKKSIuDjKQ2MMWVmle8kz2Ka1dNzMD4xjauTosUV58UOUXkczTrbOATUdOJ_AOXvLTGtNodb1AzWswrQ/s320/Dimitrios_Aiginitis.JPG" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Demitrios
was born in Athens on July 22nd, 1862 and at 17 graduated from the Varvakeion
School <span style="color: red;">(1). </span>He then<span style="color: red;"> </span>entered
the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at the Philosophical School of Athens
University where he obtained a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Mathematics in
1886. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanks to a grant from the same University,
he was able to study advanced astronomy and mathematics at the Sorbonne and by
1889 had secured a staff position at the Paris Observatory.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">At this
point he was travelling to various observatories, including in England and recording
many observations using the meridian telescope. Like all academics, he published
frequently, and gained international acclaim for his treatise on the stability
of the solar system (<i><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sur la Stabilité du Système
Solaire</span></i>).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXF6KIJGqQiq4N1VOudkDoPBPjocwcRvKospRZuZoKDbeVaFuaCCeRammVIFqWUz55uQNtLvSQFPbKBEe4QpMbnnDSDqF4vOqBgftZP7nkqNjSvDrHkgrk6uK3-yW3jWu9ZPLuSbRyYGc/s232/indexloh.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="217" data-original-width="232" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXF6KIJGqQiq4N1VOudkDoPBPjocwcRvKospRZuZoKDbeVaFuaCCeRammVIFqWUz55uQNtLvSQFPbKBEe4QpMbnnDSDqF4vOqBgftZP7nkqNjSvDrHkgrk6uK3-yW3jWu9ZPLuSbRyYGc/w400-h374/indexloh.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Looked at in
today’s post Einstein world, attempting to prove the stability of our solar
system or the larger cosmos seems almost quaint, but a theory had been put
forward that the planets, as they shifted on their axes, would inevitably move
towards the sun and the certain destruction of Earth would be the end result.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was a disturbing proposition in an age
of Faith. Eginitis proved with elegant mathematical certainty that this particular
planetary catastrophe could not happen and his proof satisfied his peers at the
time. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The beauty
of science is not always in its accuracy, but in its ability to alter its
proofs and theories as new hypotheses are presented and tested. More recent
science has proven that the planets are, in fact, moving<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> away</i> from the sun at the speed of 1.5 cms <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a year because the sun’s nuclear fusion<span style="color: red;"> </span>causes it to lose mass and therefore a tiny bit of its
gravitational pull each year <span style="color: red;">(2)</span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">.</span><span style="color: red;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>I suspect a man of Eginitis’ calibre
could have taken this in his stride were he alive today.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">1890: Back Home to
Greece and the Hill of the Nymphs</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1889,
Greece was in the awkward position of having an observatory on the Hill of the
Nymphs opposite the Acropolis, but no one to direct it. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This observatory, completed by architect Theophilos
Hansen had been state of the art when it opened in 1846. Its construction was
financed by Georgios Sinas, a wealthy banker and then Greece’s ambassador to
Austria. He had wanted to make a contribution to the nascent Athens University and
was advised of the need for an observatory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlfF4VwVFIWVZT2kSECh6-QvKFuG52uDC0Mo4V8xYDpo2kjXivqu2kQ4dRtJhrrKG6rMZTg6LRZ0nT_7zKniU5JfXWxqabIi4a7K3-833Z8kKbHSQoa9_sNnARCdra0N_co_DvxGXCjgQ/s1600/CLAVEN5-1600x1199.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1199" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlfF4VwVFIWVZT2kSECh6-QvKFuG52uDC0Mo4V8xYDpo2kjXivqu2kQ4dRtJhrrKG6rMZTg6LRZ0nT_7zKniU5JfXWxqabIi4a7K3-833Z8kKbHSQoa9_sNnARCdra0N_co_DvxGXCjgQ/w640-h480/CLAVEN5-1600x1199.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sinas’ Gift as it
appeared in the beginning. Note how empty the area surrounding it is.</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Hill was
far enough away from the city at that time to make an observatory feasible.
Sinas, and later his son, Simon, paid the salary of the first directors,
Georgios Vouris and of <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2017/12/johann-friedrich-julius-schmidt.html">Julius Schmidt</a> <span style="color: red;">(3)</span>, an
eminent German astronomer who was the first to create an accurate map of the
moon. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizdQQc5S7xDsCt9Ai97yXEPZ_SxYZhNmsEhZIV_u6dkWdMnVrUoloZwl6aHuPaQxjV2VT-viJMiIcwVQzBrHQCNv8DHZb01_m1KZsOxbM9c0WVnrIVWvxHLIaFLnGC6mB0maIuFhkgivo/s1080/ignant-travel-ellie-tsatsou-noa-019-720x1080.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="720" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizdQQc5S7xDsCt9Ai97yXEPZ_SxYZhNmsEhZIV_u6dkWdMnVrUoloZwl6aHuPaQxjV2VT-viJMiIcwVQzBrHQCNv8DHZb01_m1KZsOxbM9c0WVnrIVWvxHLIaFLnGC6mB0maIuFhkgivo/w266-h400/ignant-travel-ellie-tsatsou-noa-019-720x1080.jpg" width="266" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">He could keep a close
eye on the acropolis from its eastern wing too.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">When Schmidt
died suddenly in 1884,<span style="color: red;"> </span>the science of Astronomy
in Greece was in deep trouble: no qualified astronomer and no money. Simon Sinas
had died in 1876 and the Sinas bequest had finally been exhausted.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">To its
credit, small and poor as Greece was, the government was fully behind all
educational ventures and<a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2017/03/harilaos-trikoupis.html"> Harilaos Trikoupis</a>, the Greek Prime Minister got
involved in the search for a new director. He had heard of Eginitis’ work, and
made a direct appeal to the astronomer.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Eginitis
hesitated and who can blame him? Greece’s financial problems were well known
and Europe was a much more fertile field than Greece for an ambitious
scientist. Still, Trikoupis promised Eginitis more instruments, money for new
buildings, a staff to be chosen by himself and, as an added bonus, the same generous
salary that Sinas had been paying Schmidt. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since the observatory was now under control of
the government, Schmidt’s salary was well above the civil service pay scale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore, Trikoupis’ last incentive to
Eginitis required a special bill in Parliament. In a grand gesture, every
single parliamentarian approved it. Imagine that happening today. There is
something magical about this era and the hopes that it inspired.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">So it
happened that in 1890, the Athens Observatory got a new lease on life and a new
28 year old director. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Per Aspera ad Astra</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Eginitis
accomplished a great deal during his tenure in spite of the fact that Greece had
declared bankruptcy in 1893 and he had to raise a good deal of the money
himself for changes and additional equipment. <span style="color: red;">(4)</span>
He added three buildings, one an observatory, just above the original, even
buying the property needed for them out of his own pocket. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is amazing that, even in the 1890s, the hill
was still considered suitable for celestial observations. Athens had clearer
skies back then and not a lot of light pollution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We can thank him for the beautiful pine
forest surrounding the observatory today. He ordered those trees planted.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYi1blraCmgGOR72Q0ma7lzc4mCuFq_kF2Cn1NfVDCySShBvvk4a3JtIgkqw3Mk_XC9X3Q1xaomBnmeG2cKYOx_CK5YDUFKfXlAkGVUeZVa6ctS_Cj7IVDMY_DCWBcvFdmd8VXH3YBHsU/s276/indexbyr.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="276" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYi1blraCmgGOR72Q0ma7lzc4mCuFq_kF2Cn1NfVDCySShBvvk4a3JtIgkqw3Mk_XC9X3Q1xaomBnmeG2cKYOx_CK5YDUFKfXlAkGVUeZVa6ctS_Cj7IVDMY_DCWBcvFdmd8VXH3YBHsU/w640-h424/indexbyr.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">It is a beautiful site
and well worth a visit.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Eginitis bought
specialized telescopes and other necessary equipment to modernize the
facilities and enlarged the scope of the observatory’s functions. In 1902 he
proposed a bill to parliament to divide the Observatory into three departments:
Astronomical, Meteorological and Geodynamic, divisions that exist to this day –
all under the name of NOA (The National Observatory of Athens) as the triad
came to be called. EMY, the meteorological department was expanded to cover the
entire country and its advice to farmers is still a valuable part of the
national news. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Times They are A’changing... </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Eginitis was
also instrumental in the country joining the rest of the world by accepting the
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gregorian Calendar</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as opposed to the Julian which had been used
in Greece since 45 BC. The Julian Calendar had itself had been an effort to
synchronize an even earlier calendar with the earth’s yearly rotation around
the sun; those all important spring and fall equinoxes and summer and winter
solstices had to be kept in their proper places. The Julian calendars had been losing
almost one entire day every 100 years. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By
the 1500s, it was out of alignment by 10 days. The Gregorian calendar dropped
those 10 days in 1582 and fiddled with the leap years to keep things in
alignment. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Not everyone
liked the Gregorian changes, especially as they had been put forward by a Pope in
a Papal Bull (Gregory XIII). It would take over 300 years before it was
accepted worldwide for secular purposes. In 1923, Greece was the last holdout
in Europe <span style="color: red;">(5)</span>, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>so tardy, in fact, that it had to lop off 13
days rather than 10 in order to join the rest of Europe and the world. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIhAaRR3RzPEU6mNWY6yMypKUNt85OxBCf137u5Q74NR5fIXx35Pmf0nAwa5rFhnjLse1G1Rj_Y8xh7UK16ekdgnvA7ucKxeXO0a7DfCJM_Qo5eHFEx9sSqpygt1ZPL9hyphenhyphenJyFqIu43QNQ/s506/Inter-grav.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="506" data-original-width="330" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIhAaRR3RzPEU6mNWY6yMypKUNt85OxBCf137u5Q74NR5fIXx35Pmf0nAwa5rFhnjLse1G1Rj_Y8xh7UK16ekdgnvA7ucKxeXO0a7DfCJM_Qo5eHFEx9sSqpygt1ZPL9hyphenhyphenJyFqIu43QNQ/w261-h400/Inter-grav.jpg" width="261" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pope Gregory’s Papal
Bull, published in 1582, Protestants didn’t like it any more than the Orthodox
Church – at first.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">One aspect
of coupling Education and Religion under one ministry as Greece rather
surprisingly does, is that it tends to make educators think about the Church’s
reaction to educational choices. This is a far trickier brief today but, in
Eginitis’ time, such sensitivities were expected and he did not disappoint. His
understanding of the Church’s difficulty in accepting the reform of the new
civil calendar actually won him accolades from the Orthodox Patriarch.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The same
legislation brought Greece into the international system of weights and
measures (the metric system). Here Greece was ahead of the United States and
Great Britain.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Eginitis and the Athens
Academy</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Athens Academy
had a building long before it became an institutional reality in 1926.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Sinas family were, once again, the
financial backers. Simon Sinas provided the money for the building that many consider
to be the most beautiful neoclassical building in Athens. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1IrKwRF1FpeSqsi0wWBELMttAbMVys88vzJWj_XkWbfpC1UWuSoNd4An__VJ438lW-u0u-W0nKqRm8jHqwmBUzfK_5r5ZYndhGxyC1nGhcUJQtBU-yzT_Wr_czC4sF3-JoMFCexjezf0/s450/450px-%25CE%2591%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1_%25CE%2591%25CE%25B8%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BD%25CF%258E%25CE%25BD_1178.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="338" data-original-width="450" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1IrKwRF1FpeSqsi0wWBELMttAbMVys88vzJWj_XkWbfpC1UWuSoNd4An__VJ438lW-u0u-W0nKqRm8jHqwmBUzfK_5r5ZYndhGxyC1nGhcUJQtBU-yzT_Wr_czC4sF3-JoMFCexjezf0/w640-h480/450px-%25CE%2591%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1_%25CE%2591%25CE%25B8%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BD%25CF%258E%25CE%25BD_1178.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The academy is one of the triad of
Neoclassical buildings on Panepistimiou Street in Athens</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The idea of
an academy to promote the Sciences, Humanities, and Fine Arts had been around
even during the Greek Revolution and had later been promoted by Greek
intellectuals like Alexandros Rizos- Rangavis. The name was, of course, a reference
to Plato’s famous academy. Those in favour of such an institution saw it as
important for Greek national and educational aspirations as well as an
important link between the present and Greece’s illustrious past.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">But somehow,
it never happened. Then in 1919, at the Paris Peace conference after the First
World War, Greece realized that it was going to be excluded from the
International Union of Academies, something that progressive Prime Minister
Eleftherios Venizelos did not want to happen. He immediately asked Demitrios
Eginitis to draw up a constitution for an Academy. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Smyrna
debacle intervened and it was not until 1926, under the government of Theodoros
Pangalos, that a constitutional decree led to the actual founding of the
Academy. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At that time, Eginitis was again
Minister of Education and Religion. Although he did not hold these ministerial
posts for any great length of time, he did hold them when important matters
arose and was thus able to influence change.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKTZeRdYYXbSnN4fwHj_-45RIZy0Fj5ePR5qbGM7i5E-301DXfTZxtmkKCi_riDfCyHfpaKhmYM456EluEixGaakCgKlhKBVgx-vUtX-BV5QRkbJ1VLk2qjdwLRTeCXYnf3U6pgBD36tM/s450/450px-%25CE%2591%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1_%25CE%2591%25CE%25B8%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BD%25CF%258E%25CE%25BD_5242-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="337" data-original-width="450" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKTZeRdYYXbSnN4fwHj_-45RIZy0Fj5ePR5qbGM7i5E-301DXfTZxtmkKCi_riDfCyHfpaKhmYM456EluEixGaakCgKlhKBVgx-vUtX-BV5QRkbJ1VLk2qjdwLRTeCXYnf3U6pgBD36tM/w400-h300/450px-%25CE%2591%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B4%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1_%25CE%2591%25CE%25B8%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BD%25CF%258E%25CE%25BD_5242-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Academy Interior
has all the gravitas and grandeur of a basilica.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Athens
Academy has given and continues to give Greek scholars status both at home and
abroad and supports scientific research, finances publications, and grants
scholarships and awards</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">In Sum</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Eginitis
died in 1934 at the age of 72. He left a legacy of achievements in the field of
astronomy that other Greek astronomers have been able to build on. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now the European Union and European
universities and institutions have replaced the Sinas family as partners and
investors. Greece now has 6 observatories, the latest being the Aristarchos <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>telescope on Mount Helmos in the Peloponnese
where the air is a lot clearer and the nights a lot darker than in <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Athens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is quite a landmark and can be seen from various vantage points both
east and west of the mountain.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN3-GWZZKo43AWNuwZsW5U1OCeyGFboEWr-Rs7k-mJlgw5iExP1EZPkMaizAV1_-OMoY4rjb3SBzRcOeL6tA0FlCOZRgP8A_JpG_P-Jvr_8h3XES2JLRel1hS76aiHIER75Jg5tTAeuAE/s259/ber.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="479" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN3-GWZZKo43AWNuwZsW5U1OCeyGFboEWr-Rs7k-mJlgw5iExP1EZPkMaizAV1_-OMoY4rjb3SBzRcOeL6tA0FlCOZRgP8A_JpG_P-Jvr_8h3XES2JLRel1hS76aiHIER75Jg5tTAeuAE/w640-h479/ber.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Its 2.3 metre telescope
is named after the ancient Greek astronomer from Samos who was the first to
place the sun, not the earth, at the centre of the known universe.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Eginitis was
lucky that his career coincided with that of progressives like<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Harilaos
Tricoupis and Eleftherios Venizelos. It enabled him to make the contributions
that he did. But, it is to people like Eginitis and the Sinas family that we in
Greece should be grateful for today, not just for their talents, but for their firm
belief in the ability of Greece to make a real contribution to science and the
arts. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTIW_brf2CSW8P-VTzRE92R2jesRibn_ig0CdYTTOmGhBlxiYgxeDEQgiHu8nnDlhCOfC7nxEIQluh5e5buV2TmKSoIDHBprZy3R-x-sSCXXlxKE56nty0YkAiULBn8OX12kEm7MCDxxI/s997/%25CE%2594%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AE%25CF%2584%25CF%2581%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582+%25CE%2593.+%25CE%2591%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BD%25CE%25AE%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582+-+Dimitrios+Eginitis.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="997" data-original-width="465" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTIW_brf2CSW8P-VTzRE92R2jesRibn_ig0CdYTTOmGhBlxiYgxeDEQgiHu8nnDlhCOfC7nxEIQluh5e5buV2TmKSoIDHBprZy3R-x-sSCXXlxKE56nty0YkAiULBn8OX12kEm7MCDxxI/w186-h400/%25CE%2594%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25AE%25CF%2584%25CF%2581%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582+%25CE%2593.+%25CE%2591%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BD%25CE%25AE%25CF%2584%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582+-+Dimitrios+Eginitis.JPG" width="186" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Eginitis in the garden
of the Observatory</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">The Map</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhg3-yxr648DbkgRJL9bWwdWdXqYg-o8Wod_qocnQxigeuvq2bwj8kMJhhzb3CNJCteMVl6CYxtJu_4p9GVLVkZGTN-E-H49l5wE9EL_kexJsrO_d65vIYg-vkfV5lvzRmaqdArvzVbmk/s1965/map+at+entrance+enhanced+-+Copy+-+Copy+-+Copy+-+Copy.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1965" data-original-width="1533" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhg3-yxr648DbkgRJL9bWwdWdXqYg-o8Wod_qocnQxigeuvq2bwj8kMJhhzb3CNJCteMVl6CYxtJu_4p9GVLVkZGTN-E-H49l5wE9EL_kexJsrO_d65vIYg-vkfV5lvzRmaqdArvzVbmk/w500-h640/map+at+entrance+enhanced+-+Copy+-+Copy+-+Copy+-+Copy.JPG" width="500" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(1
) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The original school
was founded <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in 1860 and was opposite the
central Market of Athens.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(2)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For a fascinating article on this yearly slippage see </span><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2019/01/03/earth-is-drifting-away-from-the-sun-and-so-are-all-the-planets/?sh=1e7a2f596f7d"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2019/01/03/earth-is-drifting-away-from-the-sun-and-so-are-all-the-planets/?sh=1e7a2f596f7d</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(3)
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">You can find all about
Schmidt on this blog: </span><a href="http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2017/12/johann-friedrich-julius-schmidt.html"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2017/12/johann-friedrich-julius-schmidt.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is buried in the First in the Protestant
section. For the National Observatory museum see: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.ignant.com/2018/04/13/seeing-stars-in-athens-a-visit-to-the-national-observatory/"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.ignant.com/2018/04/13/seeing-stars-in-athens-a-visit-to-the-national-observatory/</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(4) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Here is where connections counted; Eginitis called on all the
usual suspects, including Andreas <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Syngros, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and many came up with the needed cash<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">(5)
</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Turkey did not accept
the Gregorian calendar until 1927. Many Greek monks, still do not accept it,
hence their name: the Old Calendarists.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sources</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">See:
Demitrios Eginitis: Restorer of the Athens Observatory at </span><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2007JAHH...10..123T"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2007JAHH...10..123T</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> . If you are technically minded,
they list his acquisition of various machinery and telescopes.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">For the
Athens Academy see; </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)</span></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5757489090685179269.post-15742248877741297522021-03-07T04:39:00.009-08:002023-07-07T07:41:05.010-07:00Giorgios Vitalis, Sculptor<div><p> </p><p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><b><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Giorgios
Vitalis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <b></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ΓΙΩΡΓ</b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EL" style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ι</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ΟΣ ΒΙΤΑΛΗΣ<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><b><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Born
1838<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Died1901</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRMnADl2KC4cjuBXhGpYP0uG2aoTR2t0ScRFF2LQ00Z9fMBG05SBsdpsVRWQViHB4GNo_hqbUUJoctPBERrI1-vmMMbMaDQHqqrQ3afa30f5z4dl7Hq5fUJQkfg4iNniycbPNVPr_7MZ8/s150/GEORGIOS-VITALIS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="102" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRMnADl2KC4cjuBXhGpYP0uG2aoTR2t0ScRFF2LQ00Z9fMBG05SBsdpsVRWQViHB4GNo_hqbUUJoctPBERrI1-vmMMbMaDQHqqrQ3afa30f5z4dl7Hq5fUJQkfg4iNniycbPNVPr_7MZ8/w272-h400/GEORGIOS-VITALIS.jpg" width="272" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Giorgios
Vitalis was one of Greece’s great 19<sup>th</sup> century sculptors in an era
when marble was king and neoclassicism flourished. His works became famous for
their attention to even the smallest detail. In that respect, he was a
perfectionist. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has only one work in
the First Cemetery of Athens: the mausoleum of <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2016/09/george-averoff.html">George Averoff</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is very grand and hard to miss as you enter
the gates of the cemetery.<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span>Even so, it may
not completely represent his aesthetic because it was completed after his
death. His career is an interesting one and one that illustrates the frustrations
that sculptors underwent in showing their works and, in a competitive market, being
true to their own artistic impulses.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiReJ7qAVfhRo9-98qRO-Ykt4xzIV26kk0ggCIg_SQ_tBZn8zzyr064U2UVlI2LmIrxJF2F6jJI0ULyIzoGxAi-HHa4PMzrOSMgU76ttIFJVa9S5Op_eWEtOPHMH-qqidp1RNUwFQsLRHU/s240/averoff+wikipedia.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9UhCpqi0ajTxDYpyQ0O8uEvBtpimkeUTQ_NUWJ7UhNGRerJvXJD__YninQj2k-rKIUgjQ1-iUNVoxRIOKRAYaNF57BraJT1lgQ6smx7cRj81OydAIcLyCe1RfIH7r8bjUJsqJmfHSsL0/s2048/001+Averoff+early+morning+-+Copy.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9UhCpqi0ajTxDYpyQ0O8uEvBtpimkeUTQ_NUWJ7UhNGRerJvXJD__YninQj2k-rKIUgjQ1-iUNVoxRIOKRAYaNF57BraJT1lgQ6smx7cRj81OydAIcLyCe1RfIH7r8bjUJsqJmfHSsL0/w480-h640/001+Averoff+early+morning+-+Copy.JPG" width="480" /></a></div><br /></div><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Averoff’s
mausoleum in the First Cemetery</span></i></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">His Life</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Giorg</span><span lang="EL" style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ι</span><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">os was born in Ysternia on the island of Tinos in 1838 just a few years
after the birth of the Greek nation. He was the son of a building contractor
and, after graduating from high school began to work alongside his father in Smyrna
on the Asia Minor coast. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The population
there was predominantly Greek and still under Ottoman control.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">At 19, he realized that he wanted something more. Without informing his
father, he travelled to Athens and, at the age of 19, enrolled in its Polytechnical
School. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To make ends meet, he worked in
the marble studio of his cousin and fellow Tinian, Giorgios Fytalis, who was a professor
of Sculpture at the Athens School of Arts. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Giorgios graduated in 1862 and worked for Fytalis for seven long years
until a new opportunity arose. He was offered a scholarship sponsored by Queen
Amalia. With the support of her father-in-law and famous Philhellene King
Ludwig I of Bavaria, Vitalis was able to study at the Academy in Munich under
the tutelage of Professor Max Von Windmann who was king Ludwig’s favourite
sculptor. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #202122; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoENZtJNCCqRqrjFVkI0iZg_dWhYwyqOCSYcNDTnoVzzMEXf38qfK2YATRZPtx8ETSqFibaARyps5vDlnDALvHMuFnx26PVRJpX4izV2sinygTA4s3UMaQpyp2OgRrXxvv-PX1BlQHxxM/s241/Schiller-Denkmal_M%25C3%25BCnchen_-_DSC07425.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="241" data-original-width="181" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoENZtJNCCqRqrjFVkI0iZg_dWhYwyqOCSYcNDTnoVzzMEXf38qfK2YATRZPtx8ETSqFibaARyps5vDlnDALvHMuFnx26PVRJpX4izV2sinygTA4s3UMaQpyp2OgRrXxvv-PX1BlQHxxM/w240-h320/Schiller-Denkmal_M%25C3%25BCnchen_-_DSC07425.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A Von
Windmann statue of Schiller</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Giorgios married
the daughter of a Bavarian doctor and the family tried to persuade him to stay
in Munich.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was offered a position at the prestigious
Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, but he wanted to return to Greece. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He settled
in Syros, where he established his marble workshop and would remain for the next
30 years. Ermoupoli, Syros’capital, was a wonderful choice for an ambitious sculptor.
In those years it was a bustling maritime and commercial centre and its inhabitants
had deep enough pockets to realize their marble fantasies! Syros is still a
wonderful place to visit for a flavour of what 19<sup>th</sup> century Greek
art was all about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From 1870-1882 and
again in 1895-98, Syros had a dynamic mayor in the person of Dimitrios
Vafiadakis who was instrumental in getting the fabulous city hall built by
Ernst Ziller and in encouraging works of sculpture to decorate the town’s many squares
and churches.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6HEfcbesJp84B_h2y5IUcukSjgfCaiLTByAjJqT4GxzeaE5g8SluBTv_mQKFQWzp8F9Vbfd2qAPitwaeZJp6vwuMhYIUfdwPPB_qjbDL_CNrbZ_6fOXmK7QewlmOoQpv8vRqYnk5Fuio/s1280/syros-town-hall-top-1-1280.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="853" data-original-width="1280" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6HEfcbesJp84B_h2y5IUcukSjgfCaiLTByAjJqT4GxzeaE5g8SluBTv_mQKFQWzp8F9Vbfd2qAPitwaeZJp6vwuMhYIUfdwPPB_qjbDL_CNrbZ_6fOXmK7QewlmOoQpv8vRqYnk5Fuio/w640-h426/syros-town-hall-top-1-1280.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The main square of
Ermoupolis, backed by Ziller’s masterpiece and tiled in marble, was called by
one enthusiast an outdoor ballroom. On the left is a Vitalis dais or bandstand dedicated
to the Muses.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Of course,
Vitalis was not just a local island phenomenon. His works soon became popular
and won many prizes at exhibitions. His sculptures of Greek heroes such as
Opheus, Paris, Theseas, Oedipus, or Hector, decorated the royal palace in Athens,
and the homes of wealthy and influential collectors such as Stefanos Skouloudis.
Even Sofia, the sister and hostess of Prime Minister <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2017/03/harilaos-trikoupis.html">Harilaos Trikoupis</a> owned a
Vitalis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Depictions of ancient Greeks in
the classical style were very much in vogue at the time and something of a
Vitalis speciality although he could create works of modern heroes, if
commissioned - as his statue of William Gladstone proves.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Problem of Exhibiting Works in Greece</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It was all
very well to chisel away in one’s workshop, but marble statues were an
expensive commodity in a small, competitive market and the problem of how to
exhibit their works in a way that would attract Greek (and hopefully international)
attention was a pressing problem. Greek sculptors did not want their marble
careers to be only about monuments in cemeteries. (Ironically, the fact that
they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">were</i> a great part of their work in
places like the First Cemetery in Athens has left us a legacy we appreciate very
much!).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> There were competitive exhibitions in centres like Paris and Rome but
in Greece – nothing! </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Nothing, that
is until one of Greece’s great benefactors, Evangelos Zappas, decided to relight
the ancient Olympic torch and financed several of what we might now call
previews of the international Olympics held in 1896 in Athens. Zappas sponsored
these ‘pre-Olympic Games’ beginning in 1859 well before there was any suitable
venue or international interest. There was no Olympic stadium back then, The
first athletic events were held in Klafthmonas Square in the centre of Athens. What was important about this Olympic effort to sculptors
like Vitalis was that in these revived<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘games’,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>art, as it had been in ancient Greece, became a competitive
category. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span> <br /></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW0zl7Y8WlLE3lVoJIhmfuqt3_VqSkHwmAfW0gQLdsUq-oB_EeCQRKkhcF35_hexMHfM_4NZol6A-u3nhmQKen6IXydszRZFI0ChrYVyyN5n9CeYSd40prQ6r3o6_QM5LrFave8MfPSf4/s1296/1875+Zappas+Olympics+winners+Medal.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="864" data-original-width="1296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW0zl7Y8WlLE3lVoJIhmfuqt3_VqSkHwmAfW0gQLdsUq-oB_EeCQRKkhcF35_hexMHfM_4NZol6A-u3nhmQKen6IXydszRZFI0ChrYVyyN5n9CeYSd40prQ6r3o6_QM5LrFave8MfPSf4/s320/1875+Zappas+Olympics+winners+Medal.jpg" width="320" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX58RH7769KY0d0qLNBYHoDKhRRLRXDnPRWJvq2-bDNZZ16u-Y2-NvEzkVnH6F2RZPDFATGL2AveIs7Hqu77OUGl9u_yqNFTVOZA7NO-PUT9AdPuSnPnPxmfleC5SVpjhX6KyhaxZpcI4/s1296/1875+Zappas+Olympics+winners+Medal+%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="864" data-original-width="1296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX58RH7769KY0d0qLNBYHoDKhRRLRXDnPRWJvq2-bDNZZ16u-Y2-NvEzkVnH6F2RZPDFATGL2AveIs7Hqu77OUGl9u_yqNFTVOZA7NO-PUT9AdPuSnPnPxmfleC5SVpjhX6KyhaxZpcI4/s320/1875+Zappas+Olympics+winners+Medal+%25282%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">One of the 1875
medals mentioning Zappas on one side and showing King George I on the other</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ancient Greeks
may have chosen their jurors by lot, but almost everything else was settled by
a contest – and not just athletics. Drama, singing, and poetry had all been included.
There was even a kissing contest in some games - among men only, of course. <span style="color: red;">(1)</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So Zappas’
revival of art categories with prizes of gold, silver and bronze medals had a
real pedigree.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Greek
sculptors rushed to enter the contests held in the ‘Olympics’ in 1856, 1860,
1870, 1875, and 1888 and in other contests tendered by cultural organizations
of one sort or another. They presented either completed works or models of
projected work to be examined and judged by the perceived experts of the time. In
1870, Vitalis won the Silver Medal and in 1875, the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bronze in the Olympic contests of those years.
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin_-8D79nVE_ge241WRtNzclkWV_1V_DVBu1UZAVysRlEb4vShyphenhyphenHWogzcBRltJYtdxA-Dl8-3fpCFr1_3aVi5StTBbhHCzlwJT19NBRZ8cGYK7MIu01f-wRw_FEkx0N01CtgafY4IYNak/s246/indexjhg.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="246" data-original-width="205" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin_-8D79nVE_ge241WRtNzclkWV_1V_DVBu1UZAVysRlEb4vShyphenhyphenHWogzcBRltJYtdxA-Dl8-3fpCFr1_3aVi5StTBbhHCzlwJT19NBRZ8cGYK7MIu01f-wRw_FEkx0N01CtgafY4IYNak/w333-h400/indexjhg.jpg" width="333" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This Statue of
Theseus, created in 1868, was shown at the ‘Olympics’ of 1870 and now graces
the area outside of the metro (electrico) in Plateia Thissio.</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm 6pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Of course,
it is easier to determine who is best in a foot race or a boxing match than
with art where judges cannot help bringing in their own points of view and in
this period, austere classicism was the prevailing taste, so it is not
surprising that sculptors who dared to be modern, or even embellish the
classical<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>ideal, believed that their
work was not being judged on its merits or – worse - that the ‘fix’ was in because
the pool of experts judging these things was small and usually traditionalist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If an artist felt slighted, he could appeal
to the court of public opinion – newspapers during this period were more than
happy to enter the cultural arena, especially if a potential scandal was in the
making. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This was
the climate for all sculptors of the era.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Tomb of the
Unknown Soldier in Ermoupolis</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1880, Vitalis created an impressive monument for Ermoupolis. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By that time, he was already a master
craftsman. Vitalis had first presented the city with a small model of the work
after having consulted his friend <a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2017/01/ernst-ziller.html">Ernst Ziller </a><span style="color: red;">(2)</span>,
the architect of Syros’ city hall and no mean monument designer himself. The
town fathers liked what they saw and Vitalis did not disappoint. Its correct title
is:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the
Unburied Unknown </i>and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it commemorated
the heroes who had fought and died during the fight for independence from the
Ottomans. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnAUeBvY1w1FLVURAMnkdjeYwl3mqt6bOh5SC7koCHFl4Q9JeSUqWZ23tmm1c0yyvL6E5_8IHO2i666DpUXAFsv4FxCD128aZx0dkeXKViPyrBVFFdW0GtP1HjxbUC3xvDcF0LBS9H6hk/s750/HRWO_ATAFOY_AGWNISTH_SYROS-5-750x557.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="557" data-original-width="750" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnAUeBvY1w1FLVURAMnkdjeYwl3mqt6bOh5SC7koCHFl4Q9JeSUqWZ23tmm1c0yyvL6E5_8IHO2i666DpUXAFsv4FxCD128aZx0dkeXKViPyrBVFFdW0GtP1HjxbUC3xvDcF0LBS9H6hk/w640-h476/HRWO_ATAFOY_AGWNISTH_SYROS-5-750x557.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The monument is topped by a lion <span style="color: red;">(3)</span>
stretched out on a garlanded sarcophagus of Tinian marble. The lion symbolizes the
bravery of the warriors who, like the lion, are now at rest. A classical female
figure, barefooted and scantily clad, represents Ermoupolis as she kneels with her
back to the viewer. There is a laurel branch in her left hand, meant to crown
the victors. With her raised right hand she completes the epitaph of the heroes
who had come to Ermoupolis and died anonymously in battle. The text ends by
saying that the monument had been placed at public expense by ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">we, the inhabitants, of Ermoupolis’.</i></span>
</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQzLBqAYvrYlkpO-Y8Oz8hDD_fEzqzFjDPU1z1DZbftOKNUExNGLA-h_JcQNcAqEqj2a6lYyYYcpdmtFN8uV06UipWGZn612AZGlJZLt8iYHCFr5a4CbueqNNBWwlwt3DYxRQ4BhcPxqQ/s1136/HRWO_ATAFOY_AGWNISTH_SYROS-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="757" data-original-width="1136" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQzLBqAYvrYlkpO-Y8Oz8hDD_fEzqzFjDPU1z1DZbftOKNUExNGLA-h_JcQNcAqEqj2a6lYyYYcpdmtFN8uV06UipWGZn612AZGlJZLt8iYHCFr5a4CbueqNNBWwlwt3DYxRQ4BhcPxqQ/w640-h426/HRWO_ATAFOY_AGWNISTH_SYROS-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
According to those who know <span style="color: red;">(4)</span> the monument is
a blend of pure classicism (the female figure) with 19<sup>th</sup> century neoclassical
highlights (the lion atop the sarcophagus and other decorative features) that
were popular at the time. The female figure is beautifully done.</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As an interesting aside, the monument was first placed high on Dilis </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Η</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ill <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(one of the two in Ermoupolis) in front of the
Agios Anastasis Church, but it became a target for stone throwing local
children. So in 1888, it was moved to its present location in front of the
Agios Nikolaos Church closer to the town centre and where it was easier to keep
an eye on errant youngsters! While you are there, go inside the church because
Vitalis created the impressive iconostasis of this church dedicated to
Ermoupolis’ patron saint, and designed that elaborate Bishop’s chair as well:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMPwqqTVhjop4MOXn98RJfNDINForvn1grHMWnI7MjIEvcbfOTp7kBFiN7rrImG2yATqLkFNZd2ejnSvi5sKdGelKqjAPTexnRz3iSdyttFpxT4n7sUZ4w2dQIQa6YJ92n5QEmY-OvivA/s1124/Agios-Nikolaos-in-Syros.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="843" data-original-width="1124" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMPwqqTVhjop4MOXn98RJfNDINForvn1grHMWnI7MjIEvcbfOTp7kBFiN7rrImG2yATqLkFNZd2ejnSvi5sKdGelKqjAPTexnRz3iSdyttFpxT4n7sUZ4w2dQIQa6YJ92n5QEmY-OvivA/w640-h480/Agios-Nikolaos-in-Syros.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Statue of William
Gladstone</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br />
In 1883 the senate of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greek Academy</b>
decided to sponsor a statue of English Prime Minister William Gladstone. Gladstone
was chosen because he had proved himself invaluable obtaining Thessaly for
Greece in 1881. The tender for submissions was specific as relates to size and material
(marble of course), but expression, the stance, and the mode of dress were left
up to the sculptor. Vitalis wasn’t taking any chances. He created <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">three</i> models for the committee to judge.
<a href="https://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2017/01/demitrios-filippotis.html">Dimitris Filippotis</a>, another well known sculptor</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> who had
often been sidelined by the traditional art world because he refused to follow
the strict rules of neoclassicism, also entered a model of Gladstone for
consideration. After the usual deliberations, Vitalis was named the winner. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, many claimed that the Filippotis’ model
was by far the best. When the British ambassador had seen it, he had exclaimed,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">That’s Gladstone!</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The press was there to add fuel to the fire
and reported that when the ambassador discovered that Filippotis’ model had
been rejected, he broke his cane in anger. Filippotis demanded that his model
be exhibited so it could be compared easily to Vitalis’. The debate became so heated
that Prime Minister Tricoupis himself felt compelled to go and view the two
models.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Vitalis
won. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">One
of the conditions was that the winner had to travel to London to study the
subject in person, so Vitalis set off to London for a three month period before
showing the committee his final work.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> For many
years after Gladstone was turned into marble, his statue was not officially
unveiled or placed - for reasons I cannot discover. It may have been financial
because no one had considered the cost of the pedestal. Poor Gladstone! Many years
passed before the statue was actually placed in the garden of the University of
Athens where it stands today. Still, Gladstone does have the singular honour of
being the only foreigner to grace the forecourt of the University buildings. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoZxrt7E07hI03hO0I90Z2PhrcgO6iH5BVg-ln_pjlGQvDHHY8Iy2Vlfolyd-OEioEqESI2cx8101SeXrNK6neUvIefBNiOqQDvP6NhhnoQLUoZdhZtULNqV0G7P-I4iz9Ek-Uw065Yjc/s1199/GlastonAthens.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1199" data-original-width="800" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoZxrt7E07hI03hO0I90Z2PhrcgO6iH5BVg-ln_pjlGQvDHHY8Iy2Vlfolyd-OEioEqESI2cx8101SeXrNK6neUvIefBNiOqQDvP6NhhnoQLUoZdhZtULNqV0G7P-I4iz9Ek-Uw065Yjc/w428-h640/GlastonAthens.jpg" width="428" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">William at last! </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He is posed as a rhetorician
in contemporary dress, turning slightly as he speaks with one hand raised. At
his feet are two tomes of Homer – he was quite a Homeric scholar. I love that
left foot just ready to stride into thin air. It is a touch I have noticed on
many statues of the period and it never fails to please. The work is an interesting
blend of a classical pose mixed with realism.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It’s a pretty good
likeness too:</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<div align="center">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmJ0l4UCPrIgB6874AtFzk567O3Nwrw-WikzlcB4WQH48vULaQbs7q8GtM3ZKWZpl0RPCIvxkOn3-vZEfZLUCrRlmV88wt7teJidz6YnAaYlGQdFHHV9xW4fXSsb_w23JPvh-Xnc-IktE/s265/index.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="265" data-original-width="190" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmJ0l4UCPrIgB6874AtFzk567O3Nwrw-WikzlcB4WQH48vULaQbs7q8GtM3ZKWZpl0RPCIvxkOn3-vZEfZLUCrRlmV88wt7teJidz6YnAaYlGQdFHHV9xW4fXSsb_w23JPvh-Xnc-IktE/w287-h400/index.jpg" width="287" /></a></div><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 0cm;"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0cm;"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Problems
with contests for works continued all through the era. In 1888, when<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>the<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Byron Club announced they were in the
market for a bust of Byron, the official deadline was apparently stretched to
allow Vitalis more time to send his model over from Syros. The press and other
contestants immediately cried foul and the committee was compelled to hold
another contest. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Vitalis still
won.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFbS_oOVmcieeziMjRdlfo2nfLNuKe6-m40UtcC0j49I99an4_B6ukE0asCO1nIAtMNeJ1uaDqdnYdMmUwb1OrBN1VFvCl-YxDyVqOfYwVFayXebCYHS-WZGukLd4NyQmN-UQGiWM-SSU/s550/5666b426bdcef0f94c24beb9.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="380" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFbS_oOVmcieeziMjRdlfo2nfLNuKe6-m40UtcC0j49I99an4_B6ukE0asCO1nIAtMNeJ1uaDqdnYdMmUwb1OrBN1VFvCl-YxDyVqOfYwVFayXebCYHS-WZGukLd4NyQmN-UQGiWM-SSU/w276-h400/5666b426bdcef0f94c24beb9.jpg" width="276" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Byron’s bust with a
nicely windswept scarf and immaculate coiffure</span></i></p>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 0cm;"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0cm;"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Statues of George Averoff</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Vitalis
spent the last 2 years of his life in the city of Alexandria in Egypt. There
was still a large Greek population in that city and his mission was to complete
two statues of Greece’s great benefactor Giorgios Averoff, a man who had done
so much for both cities. He did complete the statue intended for Alexandria’s Tositsas
School. (Tositsas, another of Greece’s benefactors, is buried in the First). It
is imposing in a style we have come to expect from Vitalis and very reminiscent
of the Gladstone statue he had completed years before for the Athens Academy. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYQVr3I7oPd8wm7Jm8MSA1jmhFpUwLDPFn3uCwEtj7mlsEL3J6mc8N4Kc3r0T9pl91h3myKbx__5s1dXPoVEUH4V8qqnJAk9fytVCEamfzvzm5HRtawQH7ENStIxVfNw43uhgUpMdmisg/s267/indexuyt.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="267" data-original-width="189" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYQVr3I7oPd8wm7Jm8MSA1jmhFpUwLDPFn3uCwEtj7mlsEL3J6mc8N4Kc3r0T9pl91h3myKbx__5s1dXPoVEUH4V8qqnJAk9fytVCEamfzvzm5HRtawQH7ENStIxVfNw43uhgUpMdmisg/w283-h400/indexuyt.jpg" width="283" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Seated at the base of the statue are two female figures, The one on the
right represented the Spirit Education and the one of the Left, Benevolence or
Kindness</span></i><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">He died before he could realize the statue of
Averoff made for the Athens First Cemetery the base of which was intended to
house the bones of the great man when they were brought back from Alexandria. His
sculpture was realized by his son Ioannis and by sculptor Dimitrios Filippotis,
his old rival for the statue of Gladstone. </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6gCORq1IChuapsBW42KEJRnwQZpveDF3i06H0Ypm58MdcLoms4esWnhutdtA70ZatQLK72998GjPBqnOu3O8bseuWTxB7CPu51obS0IxsRj4pdRK8wOUtgYhZbh0ex_V5PhUtuNfZmmg/s259/indexfre.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="259" data-original-width="194" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6gCORq1IChuapsBW42KEJRnwQZpveDF3i06H0Ypm58MdcLoms4esWnhutdtA70ZatQLK72998GjPBqnOu3O8bseuWTxB7CPu51obS0IxsRj4pdRK8wOUtgYhZbh0ex_V5PhUtuNfZmmg/w300-h400/indexfre.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Dais in the Main Square of
Ermoupolis</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This
dais or bandstand was inaugurated in 1907, well after the sculptor’s death. This
highlights another aspect of sculpture as an art form.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sculptors made models of their work in
plaster or wax to show collectors or institutions. Sometimes they made several,
and it was rare for an artist to actually chisel the work, especially if
large. Marble sculpture was a collaborative art. Every marble workshop had
technicians for this although the master might take a hand in fine details. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(See
</span><a href="http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2017/01/the-sculptors-studio.html"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://athensfirstcemeteryinenglish.blogspot.com/2017/01/the-sculptors-studio.html</span></a><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Therefore,
it was perfectly possible that any sculptor’s work could be created and exhibited
after his or her death. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The models for famous
works have often been almost prized as much as the final product and many are shown
in museums in Greece.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -36pt;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZOmqy_Rrtn2MDoUyRI1v9kNDBHvzzX92r7Y2aS7OTTYtDrss_M3ZEK25Y4mhst8YYxeK-3on9eWhj-0sJZmclnb3wwJ3G7m77c0btegh1lIt88WPLqV3DvCcjXoJgVMnQe4Sex_hzcC4/s260/index%25CE%25B5%25CF%2587%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B4%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="260" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZOmqy_Rrtn2MDoUyRI1v9kNDBHvzzX92r7Y2aS7OTTYtDrss_M3ZEK25Y4mhst8YYxeK-3on9eWhj-0sJZmclnb3wwJ3G7m77c0btegh1lIt88WPLqV3DvCcjXoJgVMnQe4Sex_hzcC4/w400-h298/index%25CE%25B5%25CF%2587%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B4%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Dias: apparently because of
wells underneath the structure, it is a perfect echo chamber...</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -36pt;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNO_GbSL8cPBhr2Cz48gO9EMSZlW__QYIodHooZxznZCk1bE8XQcTh3446SpJQGj0Hj3WxKHK-05otdfO5hyG9tPmf4BV9cxBgIfeR2RNRundPIyb-aylTwNw3omJyJLp246cCdiG1gao/s304/%25CF%2589%25CF%2586%25CE%25B5.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="165" data-original-width="304" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNO_GbSL8cPBhr2Cz48gO9EMSZlW__QYIodHooZxznZCk1bE8XQcTh3446SpJQGj0Hj3WxKHK-05otdfO5hyG9tPmf4BV9cxBgIfeR2RNRundPIyb-aylTwNw3omJyJLp246cCdiG1gao/w400-h217/%25CF%2589%25CF%2586%25CE%25B5.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As seen in an old postcard</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The bandstand, with its ten lampposts, is decorated
by bas reliefs of Apollo <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and the nine
muses, a lovely blend of form and function. The city’s orchestra uses it regularly.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW2dLcs1qKZHRu6_R7NAwuGdp_54XtoKSRZzgcLNhQKp6IuZwoi7iE9MnZK7bE_-XLpiW1EfZqTejKUaXb6QKDAWhvfwlguBsEi53QcUy3M6h2-E6czpvG8Wqh8BgP5314yYBKtvuowYM/s640/p6140103.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="382" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW2dLcs1qKZHRu6_R7NAwuGdp_54XtoKSRZzgcLNhQKp6IuZwoi7iE9MnZK7bE_-XLpiW1EfZqTejKUaXb6QKDAWhvfwlguBsEi53QcUy3M6h2-E6czpvG8Wqh8BgP5314yYBKtvuowYM/s320/p6140103.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">One of the muses: Melpomene, the muse of Tragedy</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Other Works of Vitalis</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the Ermoupolis Cemetery:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Because he was a resident of Ermoupolis, its
cemetery benefitted from his work more than Athens. This is an excellent
example of his aesthetic. All the motifs shown were popular for funeral
monuments at the time. This cemetery should be on your itinerary if you visit
Syros.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEtLv9g6nR2EVdB2lkMhTN5OMioUUhlMlsXzP7y64Mukn9YCLZP3LiRGQX2kcWcYcg8mF6FisZwQ4YxcA4COlyxaf9Ks2-w7U4v7sg75y80SuwaUoZ1CF8iqlhx7JJKtSdNJwRxHc7P4E/s320/mqdefault.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="320" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEtLv9g6nR2EVdB2lkMhTN5OMioUUhlMlsXzP7y64Mukn9YCLZP3LiRGQX2kcWcYcg8mF6FisZwQ4YxcA4COlyxaf9Ks2-w7U4v7sg75y80SuwaUoZ1CF8iqlhx7JJKtSdNJwRxHc7P4E/w640-h360/mqdefault.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In Messolonghi: </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRrvuJHWOY5V-kOe1Hnaz8mSPaTgOQXjeNbZt3-bvOUmlsOdmkmEieF-e60_Qo3meCmQToc18KA4IdnDO2AZSqs3e0En3KoqBfwAx5jlzsbb92zID9KCtmllC_Adhg5QuNJRKrHpaPCe4/s450/George-Gordon-Noel-Byron-17-450x281.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="281" data-original-width="450" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRrvuJHWOY5V-kOe1Hnaz8mSPaTgOQXjeNbZt3-bvOUmlsOdmkmEieF-e60_Qo3meCmQToc18KA4IdnDO2AZSqs3e0En3KoqBfwAx5jlzsbb92zID9KCtmllC_Adhg5QuNJRKrHpaPCe4/w640-h400/George-Gordon-Noel-Byron-17-450x281.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The statue of Byron which has been placed over his buried heart. The
face is vitually identical to the bust of Byron shown earlier. Quite often a
sculptor might make a bust of his larger work and sell it or display it
separately <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Footnotes</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(1) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A kissing contest was
held annually in Megara to honour their hero Diocles.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(2) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ziller had designed
the tomb of Heinrich Schliemann in the First Cemetery of Athens, among others.<span style="color: red;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(3) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It would be fun to
do a study of lions and funerary monuments,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>partly because of their association with Bavaria and more because of
their archetypal associations, they were a favoured species for cemeteries. I
always like to stop and take a look. There is an especially nice one beside the
Tomb of Syngros in the First cemetery – not to mention Vitalis’ lions on the
mausoleum of Averoff.<span style="color: red;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(4) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">My source is
Dr.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Katerina Tzavelopoulos (</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Κατερίνας</span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EL" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EL; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Τζαβελοπούλος</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">)</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p> </p>Linda Filiahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10493824056124660046noreply@blogger.com0